<A-2,Noun,3948,paroxusmos>
denotes "a stimulation" (Eng., "paroxysm"), (cp. B, No. 2): in Heb. 10:24, "to provoke," lit., "unto a stimulation (of love)." See CONTENTION, No. 2.

<B-1,Verb,3893,parapikraino>
"to embitter, provoke" (akin to A, No. 1), occurs in Heb. 3:16.

<B-2,Verb,3947,paroxuno>
primarily, "to sharpen" (akin to A, No. 2), is used metaphorically, signifying "to rouse to anger, to provoke," in the Passive Voice, in Acts 17:16, RV, "was provoked" (AV, "was stirred"); in 1 Cor. 13:5, RV, "is not provoked" (the word "easily" in AV, represents no word in the original). See STIR.

<B-3,Verb,2042,erethizo>
"to excite, stir up, provoke," is used (a) in a good sense in 2 Cor. 9:2, AV, "hath provoked," RV, "hath stirred up;" (b) in an evil sense in Col. 3:21, "provoke." See STIR.

<B-4,Verb,3949,parorgizo>
"to provoke to wrath:" see ANGER, B, No. 2.

<B-5,Verb,3863,parazeloo>
"to provoke to jealousy:" see JEALOUSY.

<B-6,Verb,653,apostomatizo>
in classical Greek meant "to speak from memory, to dictate to a pupil" (apo, "from," stoma, "a mouth"); in later Greek, "to catechize;" in Luke 11:53, "to provoke (Him) to speak."

<B-7,Verb,4292,prokaleo>
"to call forth," as to a contest, hence "to stir up what is evil in another," occurs in the Middle Voice in Gal. 5:26.

Prudence, Prudent <A-1,Noun,5428,phronesis>
akin to phroneo, "to have understanding" (phren, "the mind"), denotes "practical wisdom, prudence in the management of affairs." It is translated "wisdom" in Luke 1:17; "prudence" in Eph. 1:8. See WISDOM.

<A-2,Noun,4907,sunesis>
"understanding," is rendered "prudence" in 1 Cor. 1:19, RV (AV, "understanding"); it suggests quickness of apprehension, the penetrating consideration which precedes action. Cp. B, in the same verse. See KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING.

<B-1,Adjective,4908,sunetos>
signifies "intelligent, sagacious, understanding" (akin to suniemi, "to perceive"), translated "prudent" in Matt. 11:25, AV (RV, "understanding"); Luke 10:21 (ditto); Acts 13:7, RV, "(a man) of understanding;" in 1 Cor. 1:19, "prudent," RV an AV. Cp. asunetos, "without understanding."

Psalm <1,,5568,psalmos>
primarily denoted "a striking or twitching with the fingers (on musical strings);" then, "a sacred song, sung to musical accompaniment, a psalm." It is used (a) of the OT book of "Psalms," Luke 20:42; 24:44; Acts 1:20; (b) of a particlular "psalm," Acts 13:33 (cp. ver. 35); (c) of "psalms" in general, 1 Cor. 14:26; Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16.

Note: For psallo, rendered "let him sing psalms" in Jas. 5:13, see MELODY, SING.

Public, Publicly <A-1,Adjective,1219,demosios>
"belonging to the people" (demos, "the people"), is translated "public" in Acts 5:18, RV, "public (ward)," AV, "common (prison)."

<B-1,Adverb,5320,phaneros>
see OPENLY, No. 2.

Note: For a form of demosios used as an adverb, "publicly," see OPENLY, Note (4).

Publican <1,,5057,telones>
primarily denoted "a farmer of the tax" (from telos, "toll, custom, tax"), then, as in the NT, a subsequent subordinate of such, who collected taxes in some district, "a tax gatherer;" such were naturally hated intensely by the people; they are classed with "sinners," Matt. 9:10,11; 11:9; Mark 2:15,16; Luke 5:30; 7:34; 15:1; with harlots, Matt. 21:31,32; with "the Gentile," Matt. 18:17; some mss. have it in Matt. 5:47, the best have ethnikoi, "Gentiles." See also Matt. 5:46; 10:3; Luke 3;12; 5:27,29; 7:29; 18:10,11,13.

Note: For architelones, "a chief publican," see CHIEF, B, No. 4.

Publish <1,,2784,kerusso>
"to be a herald, to proclaim, preach," is translated "to publish" in Mark 1:45; 5:20; 7:36; 13:10, AV (RV, "preached"); Luke 8:39. See PREACH, PROCLAIM.

<2,,1308,diaphero>
"to bear through," is translated "was published" in Acts 13:49, AV (RV, "was spread abroad"). See BETTER (be), No. 1.

<3,,1096,ginomai>
"to become, come to be," is translated "was published" in Acts 10:37, lit., "came to be."

<4,,1229,diangello>
"to publish abroad," is so translated in Luke 9:60, RV (AV, "preach"), and Rom. 9:17. See DECLARE, A, No. 3.

Puff (up) <1,,5448,phusioo>
"to puff up, blow up, inflate" (from phusa, "bellows"), is used metaphorically in the NT, in the sense of being "puffed" up with pride, 1 Cor. 4:6,18,19; 5:2; 8:1; 13:4; Col. 2:18.

<2,,5187,tuphoo>
is always rendered "to puff up" in the RV. See HIGH-MINDED, PROUD.

Pull (down) <1,,2507,kathaireo>
"to take down," is translated "I will pull down" in Luke 12:18. See DESTROY, No. 3.

Notes: (1) In Jude 1:23, AV, harpazo, "to seize, snatch away," is rendered "pulling ... out." See SNATCH. (2) In Acts 23:10, AV, diaspao, "to rend or tear asunder," is translated "should have been pulled in pieces" (RV, "should be torn in pieces"). (3) Ekballo, "to cast out," is translated "to pull out" in Matt. 7:4; Luke 6:42 (twice), AV (RV, "cast out"). See CAST, No. 5. (4) For anaspao, rendered "pull out" in Luke 14:5, AV, see DRAW, No. 5. (5) For kathairesis, "a casting down," 2 Cor. 10:4, see CAST, A, No. 14, Note.

Punish <1,,2849,kolazo>
primarily denotes "to curtail, prune, dock" (from kolos, "docked"); then, "to check, restrain, punish;" it is used in the Middle Voice in Acts 4:21; Passive Voice in 2 Pet. 2:9, AV, "to be punished" (RV, "under punishment," lit., "being punished"), a futurative present tense.

<2,,5097,timoreo>
primarily, "to help," then, "to avenge" (from time, "value, honor," and ouros, "a guardian"), i.e., "to help" by redressing injuries, is used in the Active Voice in Acts 26:11, RV, "punishing" (AV, "I punished"); Passive Voice in Acts 22:5, lit., "(that) they may be punished." Cp. No. 5, below.

Note: For 2 Thess. 1:9, "shall suffer punishment," RV, See JUSTICE. See SUFFER, Note (10).

Punishment <1,,1557,ekdikesis>
for 1 Pet. 2:14, AV, "punishment" (RV, "vengeance"), see AVENGE, B, No. 2.

<2,,2009,epitimia>
in the NT denotes "penalty, punishment," 2 Cor. 2:6. Originally it signified the enjoyment of the rights and privileges of citizenship; then it became used of the estimate (time) fixed by a judge on the infringement of such rights, and hence, in general, a "penalty."

<3,,2851,kolasis>
akin to kolazo (PUNISH, No. 1), "punishment," is used in Matt. 25:46, "(eternal) punishment," and 1 John 4:18, "(fear hath) punishment," RV (AV, "torment"), which there describes a process, not merely an effect; this kind of fear is expelled by perfect love; where God's love is being perfected in us, it gives no room for the fear of meeting with His reprobation; the "punishment" referred to is the immediate consequence of the sense of sin, not a holy awe but a slavish fear, the negation of the enjoyment of love.

<4,,1349,dike>
"justice," or "the execution of a sentence," is translated "punishment" in Jude 1:7, RV (AV, "vengeance"). See JUSTICE.

<5,,5098,timoria>
primarily "help" (see PUNISH, No. 2), denotes "vengeance, punishment," Heb. 10:29.

Note: The distinction, sometimes suggested, between No. 3 as being disciplinary, with special reference to the sufferer, and No. 5, as being penal, with reference to the satisfaction of him who inflicts it, cannot be maintained in the Koine Greek of NT times.

Purchase <1,,2932,ktaomai>
see OBTAIN, A, No. 4.

<2,,4046,peripoieo>
signifies "to gain" or "get for oneself, purchase;" Middle Voice in Acts 20:28; 1 Tim. 3:13 (RV "gain"); see GAIN.

<3,,59,agorazo>
is rendered "to purchase" in the RV of Rev. 5:9; 14:3,4. See BUY, No. 1.

Note: For peripoiesis, "purchased possession," Eph. 1:14, see POSSESSION.

Pure, Pureness, Purity <A-1,Adjective,53,hagnos>
"pure from defilement, not contaminated" (from the same root as hagios, "holy"), is rendered "pure" in Phil. 4:8; 1 Tim. 5:22; Jas. 3:17; 1 John 3:3; see CHASTE.

<A-2,Adjective,2513,katharos>
"pure," as being cleansed, e.g., Matt. 5:8; 1 Tim. 1:5; 3:9; 2 Tim. 1:3; 2:22; Titus 1:15; Heb. 10:22; Jas. 1:27; 1 Pet. 1:22; Rev. 15:6; 21:18; 22:1 (in some mss.). See CHASTE, Note, CLEAN, A.

Note: In 1 Pet. 1:22 the AV, "with a pure heart," follows those mss. which have this adjective (RV, "from the heart").

<A-3,Adjective,1506,elikrines>
signifies "unalloyed, pure;" (a) it was used of unmixed substances; (b) in the NT it is used of moral and ethical "purity," Phil. 1:10, "sincere;" so the RV in 2 Pet. 3:1 (AV, "pure"). Some regard the etymological meaning as "tested by the sunlight" (Cremer). See CHASTE, Note, SINCERE.

Note: Wine mixed with water may be hagnos, "not being contaminated;" it is not katharos, when there is the admixture of any element even though the latter is "pure" in itself.

<B-1,Noun,54,hagnotes>
the state of being hagnos (A, No. 1), occurs in 2 Cor. 6:6, "pureness;" 2 Cor. 11:3, in the best mss., "(and the) purity," RV.

<B-2,Noun,47,hagneia>
synonymous with No. 1, "purity," occurs in 1 Tim. 4:12; 5:2, where it denotes the chastity which excludes all impurity of spirit, manner, or act.

Purge <1,,2508,kathairo>
akin to katharos (see PURE, A, No. 2), "to cleanse," is used of pruning, John 15:2, AV, "purgeth" (RV, "cleanseth"). In the Sept., 2 Sam. 4:6; Isa. 28:27; Jer. 38:28.

<2,,1571,ekkathairo>
"to cleanse out, cleanse thoroughly," is said of "purging" out leaven, 1 Cor. 5:7; in 2 Tim. 2:21, of "purging" oneself from those who utter "profane babblings," 2 Tim. 2:16-18.

<3,,1223 2508,diakathairo>
"to cleanse thoroughly," is translated "will throughly purge" in Luke 3:17, AV (RV, "thoroughly to cleanse;" less authentic mss. have No. 5).

<4,,2511,kathakizo>
"to cleanse, make clean," is translated "purging (all meats)," in Mark 7:19, AV, RV, "making (all meats) clean;" Heb. 9:14, AV, "purge" (RV, "cleanse"); so Heb. 9:22 (for ver. 23, see PURIFY); 10:2. See CLEAN, B, No. 1.

<5,,1245,diakatharizo>
"to cleanse thoroughly," is translated "will throughly purge" in Matt. 3:12, AV. See CLEAN, B, No. 2. Cp. the synonymous verb. No. 3.

Notes: (1) For Heb. 1:3. AV, "had purged," see PURIFICATION. (2) For the AV rendering of the noun katharismos, "cleansing," "that he was purged," see CLEAN, C, No. 1.

Purification, Purity, Purifying <A-1,Noun,2512,katharismos>
is rendered "a cleansing" (akin to No. 4, above), Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14; in Heb. 1:3, RV, "purification."

<A-2,Noun,2514,katharotes>
"cleansing," Heb. 9:13. See CLEAN, C, No. 2.

<A-3,Noun,49,hagnismos>
denotes "a ceremonial purification," Acts 21:26, for the circumstances of which with reference to the vow of a Nazirite (RV), see Num. 6:9-13.

<B-1,Verb,48,hagnizo>
akin to hagnos, "pure" (see CHASTE), "to purify, cleanse from defilement," is used of "purifying" (a) ceremonially, John 11:55; Acts 21:24,26 (cp. No. 3 above); 24:18; (b) morally, the heart, Jas. 4:8; the soul, 1 Pet. 1:22; oneself, 1 John 3:3.

<B-2,Verb,2511,katharizo>
"to cleanse, make free from admixture," is translated "to purify" in Acts 15:9, AV (RV, "cleansing"); Titus 2:14; Heb. 9:23, AV (RV, "cleansed"). See CLEAN, B, NO. 1.

Purloin <1,,3557,nosphizo>
is translated "purloining" in Titus 2:10. See KEEP, A, No. 10.

Purple <A-1,Noun,4209,porphura>
originally denoted the "purple-fish," then, "purple dye" (extracted from certain shell fish): hence, "a purple garment," Mark 15:17,20; Luke 16:19; Rev. 18:12.

<B-1,Adjective,4210,porphureos>
"purple, a reddish purple," is used of the robe put in mockery on Christ, John 19:2,5; in Rev. 17:4 (in the best texts; some have No. 1); 18:16, as a noun (with himation, "a garment," understood).

Purple (seller of) <1,,4211,porphuropolis>
denotes "a seller of purple fabrics" (from porphura, and poleo, "to sell"), Acts 16:14.

Purpose (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,1013,boulema>
"a purpose or will" (akin to boulomai, "to will, wish, purpose"), "a deliberate intention," occurs in Acts 27:43, "purpose;" Rom. 9:19, "will;" 1 Pet. 4:3, in the best mss. (some have thelema), AV, "will," RV, "desire." See WILL.

<A-2,Noun,4286,prothesis>
"a setting forth" (used of the "showbread"), "a purpose" (akin to B, No. 3), is used (a) of the "purposes of God," Rom. 8:28; 9:11; Eph. 1:11; 3:11; 2 Tim. 1:9; (b) of "human purposes," as to things material, Acts 27:13; spiritual, Acts 11:23; 2 Tim. 3:10. See SHEWBREAD.

<A-3,Noun,1106,gnome>
"an opinion, purpose, judgement," is used in the genitive case with ginomai, "to come to be," in Acts 20:3, "he purposed," AV (RV, "he determined"), lit., "he came to be of purpose."

Notes: The following phrases are translated with the word "purpose:" (a) eis auto touto, "for this same (or very) "purpose," lit., "unto this same (thing)," Rom. 9:17; Eph. 6:22; Col. 4:8; (b) eis touto, "for this purpose," Acts 26:16, AV (RV, "to this end"), lit., "unto this;" so 1 John 3:8; (c) eis ti, "to what purpose," Matt. 26:8, lit., "unto what;" Mark 14:4; RV, "to what purpose" (AV, "why").

<B-1,Verb,1011,bouleuo>
"to take counsel, resolve," always in the Middle Voice in the NT, "to take counsel with oneself," to determine with oneself, is translated "I purpose" in 2 Cor. 1:17 (twice). See COUNSEL, B, No. 1.

<B-2,Verb,5087,tithemi>
"to put, place," is used in the Middle Voice in Acts 19:21, "purposed," in the sense of resolving.

<B-3,Verb,4388,protithemi>
"to set before, set forth" (pro, "before," and No. 2, akin to A, No. 2), is used in Rom. 3:25, "set forth," RV marg., "purposed," AV marg., "foreordained," Middle Voice, which lays stress upon the personal interest which God had in so doing; either meaning, "to set forth" or "to purpose," would convey a scriptural view, but the context bears out the former as being intended here; in Rom. 1:13, "I purposed;" Eph. 1:9, "He purposed (in Him)," RV. See SET.

<B-4,Verb,4160,poieo>
"to make," is translated "He purposed" in Eph. 3:11 (for the noun prothesis, in the same verse, see A, No. 2). See DO, No. 1.

<B-5,Verb,4255,proaireo>
"to bring forth or forward," or, in the Middle Voice, "to take by choice, prefer, purpose," is translated "He hath purposed" in 2 Cor. 9:7, RV (AV, "he purposed").

Purse * For PURSE see BAG, No. 2 and Note

Pursue <1,,1377,dioko>
"to put to flight, pursue, persecute," is rendered "to pursue" in 2 Cor. 4:9, RV (AV, "persecute"), and is used metaphorically of "seeking eagerly" after peace in 1 Pet. 3:11, RV (AV, "ensue"). See FOLLOW.

Put <1,,5087,tithemi>
"to place, lay, set, put," is translated "to put" in Matt. 5:15; 12:18; in Matt. 22:44, RV, "put (underneath Thy feet);" Mark 4:21 (1st part), in the 2nd part, RV, "put" (in some texts, No. 4, AV, "set"); Mark 10:16, AV (RV, "laying"); Luke 8:16 (1st part); 2nd part, RV (AV, "setteth"); Luke 11:33; John 19:19; Acts 1:7, AV (RV, "set"); 4:3; 5:18,25; 12:4; Rom. 14:13; 1 Cor. 15:25; 2 Cor. 3:13; 1 Tim. 1:12, AV (RV, "appointing"); Rev. 11:9, AV (RV, "laid"). See APPOINT, No. 3.

<2,,4060,pertithemi>
"to put around or on" (peri, "around," and No. 1), is so used in Matt. 27:28; Mark 15:17, RV, "put on" (AV, "... about"); 15:36; John 19:29. See BESTOW, No. 5.

<3,,3908,paratithemi>
"to set before" (para, "beside" or "before"), is rendered "to put forth" (of a parable) in Matt. 13:24,31, AV (RV, "set before"). See SET.

<4,,2007,epitithemi>
"to put on upon," is so rendered in Matt. 19:13, AV (RV, "lay"); so Mark 7:32; 8:25 (some mss. have No. 1, here); Matt. 21:7; 27:29; John 9:15; 19:2 (1st part); Acts 9:12 (RV, "laying ... on "); 15:10. See ADD, No. 1.

<5,,659,apotithemi>
always in the Middle Voice in the NT, "to put off (apo) from oneself," is rendered "to put away" in the RV in the following: Eph. 4:25; Jas. 1:21 (AV, "laying apart"); 1 Pet. 2:1 (AV, "laying aside"). See CAST, No. 16.

<6,,906,ballo>
"to throw, cast, put," is translated "to put," in Matt. 9:17 (twice); 25:27; 27:6; Mark 2:22; 7:33; Luke 5:37; John 5:7; 12:6; 13:2 (of "putting" up a sword); 20:25 (RV twice, AV, "put" and "thrust"),27, RV; Jas. 3:3; Rev. 2:24 (RV, "cast"). See CAST, No. 1.

Note: bleteos, Strong's number 992 (a gerundive form from ballo), meaning "(that which) one must put," is found in Luke 5:38, and, in some mss., Mark 2:22.

<7,,1544,ekballo>
"to cast out," is translated "to put forth or out" in Matt. 9:25; Mark 5:40 (Luke 8:54 in some mss); John 10:4; Acts 9:40. See CAST, No. 5.

<8,,1911,epiballo>
"to put to or unto," is so translated in Matt. 9:16; Luke 5:36; 9:62; in Acts 12:1, RV, "put forth (his hands)," AV, "stretched forth." See CAST, No. 7.

<9,,4016,periballo>
"to put or throw around," is translated "put on" in John 19:2, AV (RV, "arrayed ... in"). See CAST, No. 10, CLOTHE, No. 6.

<10,,4261,proballo>
"to put forward," is so used in Acts 19:33. See SHOOT FORTH.

<11,,1325,didomi>
"to give," is rendered "to put" in Luke 15:22, of the ring on the returned Prodigal's finger; 2 Cor. 8:16 and Rev. 17:17, of "putting" into the heart by God; Heb. 8:10, of laws into the mind (AV, marg., "give"); Heb. 10:16, of laws on (RV; AV, "into") the heart. See GIVE.

<12,,3860,paradidomi>
"to give or hand over," is rendered "put in prison" in Mark 1:14, AV (RV, "delivered up"). See BETRAY.

<13,,4160,poieo>
"to do, make," is translated "to put" (with exo, "forth") in Acts 5:34, lit., "do (them) outside."

<14,,5563,chorizo>
"to separate, divide" (cp. choris, "apart, separate from"), is translated "to put asunder" in Matt. 19:6; Mark 10:9, of "putting" away a wife.

<15,,1631,ekphuo>
"to cause to grow out, put forth" (ek, "out," phuo, "to bring forth, produce, beget"), is used of the leaves of a tree, Matt. 24:32; Mark 13:28, "putteth forth."

<16,,630,apoluo>
"to set free, let go," is rendered "to put away" in reference to one who is betrothed, Matt. 1:19; a wife, Matt. 5:31,32 (twice; in 2nd part, RV; AV, "is divorced"); 19:3,7-9 (twice); Mark 10:2,4,11,12; Luke 16:18 (twice). See DISMISS.

Note: In 1 Cor. 7:11,12, AV, aphiemi, "to send away," is translated "to put away" (RV, "leave"), of the act of the husband toward the wife; in 1 Cor. 7:13, "leave," of the act of the wife toward the husband.

<17,,142,airo>
"to take up, remove," is rendered "put away," of bitterness, wrath, anger, clamor, railing and malice, Eph. 4:31; in 1 Cor. 5:2 of the Divine effects of church discipline. See BEAR, No. 9.

<18,,1808,exairo>
"to put away from the midst of" (ek, "from," and No. 17), is used of church discipline, 1 Cor. 5:13.

<19,,2673,katargeo>
is rendered "I put away" in 1 Cor. 13:11; in 1 Cor. 15:24, AV, "shall have put down" (RV, "abolished"). See ABOLISH.

<20,,2507,kathaireo>
"to take down, put down," rendered "He hath put down" in Luke 1:52. See CAST, A, No. 14.

<21,,649,apostello>
"to send forth" (apo, "from or forth," stello, "to send"), is said of using the sickle, Mark 4:29, RV, "he putteth forth," marg., "sendeth forth" (AV, "putteth in"). See SEND, SET.

<22,,554,apekduo>
"to strip off clothes or arms," is used in the Middle Voice in the NT, Col. 2:15, RV, "having put off from Himself," (AV, "having spoiled"); in Col. 3:9, "ye have put off," of "the old man" (see MAN). See SPOIL.

<23,,3179,methistemi | methistano> "to change, remove" (meta, implying "change," histemi, "to cause to stand"), is used of "putting" a man out of his stewardship, Luke 16:4 (Passive Voice). See REMOVE, TRANSLATE, TURN (away).

<24,,321,anago>
"to lead or bring up," is used nautically of "putting" out to sea, Acts 27:2,4, RV. See LAUNCH.

<25,,1877,epanago>
"to bring up or back," is used in the same sense as No. 24, in Luke 5:3,4. See LAUNCH.

<26,,1746,enduo>
used in the Middle Voice, of "putting" on oneself, or on another, is translated "to put on" (a) literally, Matt. 6:25; 27:31; Mark 6:9; 15:20; Luke 12:22; 15:22; (b) metaphorically, of "putting" on the armor of light, Rom. 13:12; the Lord Jesus Christ, 13;14; Christ, Gal. 3:27; incorruption and immortality (said of the body of the believer), 1 Cor. 15:53,54; the new man, Eph. 4:24; Col. 3:10; the whole armor of God, Eph. 6:11; the breastplate of of righteousness, Eph. 6:14, RV; the breastplate of faith and love, 1 Thess. 5:8; various Christian qualities, Col. 3:12. See CLOTHE, No. 2.

<27,,1688,embibazo>
"to put in" (en, "in," bibazo, not found in the NT), is used of "putting" persons on board ship, Acts 27:6. In the Sept., 2 Kings 9:28; Prov. 4:11.

<28,,4264,probibazo>
"to put forward," hence, "to induce, incite," is rendered "being put forward" in Matt. 14:8, RV (AV, "being before instructed"). In the Sept., Exod. 35:34; Deut. 6:7.

<29,,654,apostrepho>
"to turn away, remove, return," is used of "putting" up again a sword into its sheath, Matt. 26:52. See BRING, A, No. 22.

Notes: (1) Ekteino, "to stretch forth" (always so translated in the RV, save in Acts 27:30, "lay out," of anchors), is rendered "to put forth" in the AV of Matt. 8:3; Mark 1:41; Luke 5:13. (2) In Luke 14:7, AV, lego, "to speak" (see RV), is translated "He put forth." (3) In Acts 13:46, AV, apotheo, "to thrust away" (RV), is rendered "put ... from;" in 1 Tim. 1:19, AV, "having put away" (RV, "having thrust from"), Middle Voice in each; so in Acts 7:27, AV and RV, "thrust away." See CAST, No. 13, THRUST. (4) For "to put away" in Heb. 9:26, see PUTTING, Note (below). (5) In Acts 7:33, AV, luo, "to loose" (RV), is translated "put off." See LOOSE. (6) For the AV of hupotasso, "put under" in 1 Cor. 15:27,28; Eph. 1:22; Heb. 2:8, see SUBJECT, and for the connected negative adjective anupotaktos, rendered "not put under" in Heb. 2:8, AV, see DISOBEDIENT, B, (Note). (7) In John 19:29, AV, prosphero, "to bring to," is translated "they put it to (His mouth)," RV, "they brought it ..." (8) For anamimnesko, "to put in remembrance," 1 Cor. 4:17, RV, see REMEMBRANCE. (9) For apokteino, "to kill," rendered "put to death" in Mark 14:1, etc., see DEATH, C, No. 4. (10) For 1 Thess. 2:4, AV, "to be put in trust," see ENTRUST. (11) For the phrase "put ... to ... account" in Philem. 1:18, see ACCOUNT, A, No. 2. (12) In Acts 15:9, AV, diakrino, "to make a distinction" (RV), is translated "put (no) difference." (13) In Matt. 9:16, AV, pleroma, "the fullness or filling," is rendered "(that) which is put in to fill it up," RV, "(that) which should fill it up." See FILL. (14) For paradeigmatizo, "to put to an open shame," Heb. 6:6, see SHAME. (15) For phimoo, "to put to silence," see SILENCE. (16) For "I will put My trust," Heb. 2:13, see TRUST.

Putting <1,,1745,endusis>
"a putting on" (akin to enduo, PUT, No. 26), is used of apparel, 1 Pet. 3:3. In the Sept., Esth. 5:1; Job 41:4.

<2,,1936,epithesis>
"a putting on" (akin to epitithemi, PUT, No. 4), is used of the "putting" or laying on of hands; in 2 Tim. 1:6, RV, "laying" (AV, "putting"). See LAYING ON.

<3,,595,apothesis>
"a putting off or away" (akin to apotithemi, PUT, No. 5), is used metaphorically in 1 Pet. 3:21, of the "putting" away of the filth of the flesh; in 2 Pet. 1:14, RV, of "the putting off" of the body (as a tabernacle) at death (AV, "I must put off").

<4,,555,apekdusis>
"a putting off, stripping off" (akin to apekduo, PUT, No. 22), is used in Col. 2:11, of "the body of the flesh" (RV, an important rendering).

Note: For athetesis, "a putting away," translated "to put away" in Heb. 9:26, lit., "(unto) a setting aside," see DISANNUL, B.

Quake <1,,1790,entromos>
an adjective signifying "trembling with fear" (en, "in," tremo, "to tremble"), is used with eimi, "to be," in Heb. 12:21 (some mss. have ektromos, with the same meaning), "I quake," lit., "I am trembling." It is used with ginomai, "to become," in Acts 7:32, "trembled," lit., "became trembling," and Acts 16:29, RV, "trembling for fear" (AV, "came trembling"). See TREMBLE.

<2,,4579,seio>
"did quake," Matt. 27:51; 28:4, RV (AV, "did shake"). See MOVE, No. 3, SHAKE, TREMBLE.

Quarrel * For QUARREL See COMPLAINT, No. 2, and SET, No. 15, Mark 6:19, RV

Quarter <1,,3840,pantothen>
"from all sides," is translated "from every quarter" in Mark 1:45. See EVERY SIDE, ROUND ABOUT.

Notes: (1) In Rev. 20:8, AV, gonia, "an angle, corner," is rendered "quarter" (RV, "corner"). (2) In Acts 16:3, AV, topois, "parts" (RV) is translated "quarters." (3) In Acts 9:32 the phrase dia panton, lit., "throughout all," is rendered "throughout all parts," RV (meros, "a part," being understood), AV, "throughout all quarters." (4) For "quarters" in Acts 28:7, AV, see NEIGHBORHOOD.

Quaternion <1,,5069,tetradion>
"a group of four" (tetra---, "four"), occurs in Acts 12:4. A "quaternion" was a set of four men occupied in the work of a guard, two soldiers being chained to the prisoner and two keeping watch; alternatively one of the four watched while the other three slept. The night was divided into four watches of three hours each; there would be one "quaternion" for each watch by day and by night. Cp. the "guard" in Matt. 27:65; 28:11.

Queen <1,,938,basilissa>
the feminine of basileus, "a king," is used (a) of the "Queen of Sheba," Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31; of "Candace," Acts 8:27; (b) metaphorically, of "Babylon," Rev. 18:7.

Quench, Unquenchable <A-1,Verb,4570,sbennumi>
is used (a) of "quenching" fire or things on fire, Matt. 12:20, quoted from Isa. 42:3, figurative of the condition of the feeble; Heb. 11:34; in the Passive Voice, Matt. 25:8, of torches (see LAMP), RV, "are going out," lit., "are being quenched;" of the retributive doom hereafter of sin unrepented of and unremitted in this life, Mark 9:48 (in some mss. in Mark 9:44,46); (b) metaphorically, of "quenching" the fire-tipped darts of the evil one, Eph. 6:16; of "quenching" the Spirit, by hindering His operations in oral testimony in the church gatherings of believers, 1 Thess. 5:19. "The peace, order, and edification of the saints were evidence of the ministry of the Spirit among them, 1 Cor. 14:26,32,33,40, but if, through ignorance of His ways, or through failure to recognize, or refusal to submit to, them, or through impatience with the ignorance or self-will of others, the Spirit were quenched, these happy results would be absent. For there was always the danger that the impulses of the flesh might usurp the place of the energy of the Spirit in the assembly, and the endeavor to restrain this evil by natural means would have the effect of hindering His ministry also. Apparently then, this injunction was intended to warn believers against the substitution of a mechanical order for the restraints of the Spirit." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, p. 196.] Cp. Song of Sol. 8:7.

<B-1,Adjective,762,asbestos>
"not quenched" (a, negative, and A), is used of the doom of persons described figuratively as "chaff," Matt. 3:12; Luke 3:17, "unquenchable;" of the fire of Gehenna (see HELL), Mark 9:43, RV, "unquenchable fire" (in some mss. ver. 45). In the Sept., Job 20:26.

Question (Noun and Verb), Questioning <A-1,Noun,2214,zetesis>
primarily "a seeking, search" (zeteo, "to seek"), for which see DISPUTATION, is used in John 3:25; Acts 25:20, RV, "(being perplexed) how to inquire (concerning these things)," AV "(because I doubted of such manner) of questions," lit., "being perplexed as to the inquiry (or discussion) concerning these things;" in 1 Tim. 1:4 (in some mss.); 6:4; 2 Tim. 2:23; Titus 3:9. See INQUIRY.

<A-2,Noun,2213,zetema>
synonymous with No. 1, but, generally speaking, suggesting in a more concrete form the subject of an inquiry, occurs in Acts 15:2; 18:15; 23:29; 25:19; 26:3.

<A-3,Noun,3056,logos>
"a word," is translated "question" in Matt. 21:24 (AV, "thing"); in Mark 11:29 (RV, marg., "word") and Luke 20:3, AV, "one thing:" there is no word in the original for "one," hence the RV, "a question."

<A-4,Noun,1537 2214,ekzetesis>
"a questioning," is found in the best texts in 1 Tim. 1:4 (see RV); cp. No. 1.

Notes: (1) In Matt. 22:41, there is no word in the original for "question." (2) For suzetesis or sunzetesis, "a questioning together" (sun, "with"), see DISPUTATION. (3) In Acts 19:40, AV, enkaleo, "to bring a charge against," is translated "to be called in question" (RV, "to be accused").

<B-1,Verb,4802,suzeteo>
or sunzeteo, "to search together" (cp. Note, above), "to discuss, dispute," is translated "to question" (or "question with or together") in Mark 1:27; 8:11; 9:10,14,16; 12:28, RV (AV, "reasoning together"); Luke 22:23, RV (AV, "inquire"); 24:15, RV (AV, "reasoned"). See DISPUTE, B, No. 3, INQUIRE, REASON.

<B-2,Verb,1905,eperotao>
"to ask," is translated "asked ... a question," in Matt. 22:35,41; in Luke 2:46, "asking ... questions;" "questioned" in Luke 23:9. See ASK, A, No. 3.

Quick * For QUICK, see DISCERN, C, LIVE, No. 3, Note

Quicken <1,,2227,zoopoieo>
"to make alive:" see LIFE, C.

<2,,2225,zoogoneo>
"to endue with life, produce alive, preserve alive:" see LIVE, No. 6.

<3,,4806,suzoopoieo | sunzoopoieo> "to quicken together with, make alive with" (sun, "with" and No. 1), is used in Eph. 2:5; Col. 2:13, of the spiritual life with Christ, imparted to believers at their conversion.

Quickly <1,,5035,tachu>
the neuter of tachus, "swift, quick," signifies "quickly," Matt. 5:25; 28:7,8; Mark 9:39, RV (AV, "lightly"); Luke 15:22; John 11:29; Rev. 2:16 (ver. 5 in some mss.); 3:11; 11:14; 22:7,12,20. See LIGHTLY.

<2,,5032,tacheion>
the comparative degree of No. 1, is translated "quickly" in John 13:27; "out(ran)" in John 20:4, RV, lit., "(ran before) more quickly (than Peter);" "shortly" in 1 Tim. 3:14; Heb. 13:23; in Heb. 13:19, "(the) sooner." See SHORTLY.

<3,,5030,tacheos>
akin to No. 1, is translated "quickly" in Luke 14:21; 16:6; John 11:31, RV; "shortly" in 1 Cor. 4:19; Phil. 2:19,24; 2 Tim 4:9; with a suggestion of rashness in the following, Gal. 1:6, RV, "quickly" (AV, "soon"); 2 Thess. 2:2; and 1 Tim. 5:22, "hastily," (AV, "suddenly"). See HASTILY, C.

<4,,1722 5034,en tachei> lit., "in, or with, swiftness, with speed" (en, "in," and the dative case of tachos, "speed"), is translated "quickly" in Acts 12:7; 22:18; "speedily" in Luke 18:8; "shortly" in Acts 25:4; Rom. 16:20; 1 Tim. 3:14 in some texts; Rev. 1:1; 22:6. In the last two places, "with speed" is probably the meaning. See SHORTLY, SPEEDILY.

Quicksands * Note: This is the AV rendering in Acts 27:17 of Surtis, "Syrtis" (RV). The Syrtes, Major and Minor, lie on the north coast of Africa, between the headlands of Tunis and Barca. They have been regarded as dangerous to mariners from very early times, both from the character of the sands and from the crosscurrents of the adjoining waters. In the voyage described in this chapter the vessel had left the shelter of the island of Cauda and was drifting before the N.E. wind Euraquilo. The mariners might well fear that they would be driven on the Syrtes on the leeward of their course. The changing character of the tempest, however, drove them into the sea of Adria.

Quiet, Quietness <A-1,Adjective,2263,eremos>
"quiet, tranquil," occurs in 1 Tim. 2:2, RV, "tranquil" (AV, "quiet"); it indicates tranquillity arising from without.

<A-2,Adjective,2272,hesuchios>
has much the same meaning as No. 1, but indicates "tranquillity arising from within," causing no distrubance to others. It is translated "quiet" in 1 Tim. 2:2, RV (AV, "peaceable"); "quiet" in 1 Pet. 3:4, where it is associated with "meek," and is to characterize the spirit or disposition. See PEACEABLE.

<B-1,Verb,2270,hesuchazo>
akin to A, No, 2, "to be still, to live quietly:" see CEASE, A, No. 3.

<B-2,Verb,2687,katastello>
denotes "to quiet:" see APPEASE.

<B-3,Verb,2270,hesuchazo>
akin to A, No, 2, "to be still, to live quietly:" see CEASE, A, No. 3.

<C-1,Noun,1515,eirene>
"peace," is translated "quietness" in Acts 24:2, AV (RV, "peace"). See PEACE (e).

<C-2,Noun,2271,hesuchia>
akin to A, No. 2, and B. No. 1, denotes "quietness," 2 Thess. 3:12; it is so translated in the RV of 1 Tim. 2:11,12 (AV, "silence"); in Acts 22:2, RV, "(they were the more) quiet," AV, "(they kept the more) silence," lit., "they kept quietness the more."

Quit <1,,525,apallasso>
"to free from," is used in the Passive Voice in Luke 12:58, RV, "to be quit" (AV, "to be delivered"). See DELIVER, A, No. 6.

<2,,407,andrizo>
signifies "to make a man of" (aner, "a man"); in the Middle Voice, in 1 Cor. 16:13, "to play the man," "quit you like men."

Rabbi <1,,4461,rabbei | rabbi> from a word rab, primarily denoting "master" in contrast to a slave; this with the added pronominal suffix signified "my master" and was a title of respect by which teachers were addressed. The suffix soon lost its specific force, and in the NT the word is used as courteous title of address. It is applied to Christ in Matt. 26:25,49; Mark 9:5; 11:21; 14:45; John 1:38 (where it is interpreted as didaskalos, "master," marg., "teacher" (see also "Rabboni" in John 20:16); John 1:49; 3:2; 4:31; 6:25; 9:2; 11:8; to John the Baptist in John 3:26. In Matt. 23:7,8 Christ forbids his disciples to covet or use it. In the latter verse it is again explained as didaskalos, "master" (some mss. have kathegetes, "a guide").

Rabboni <1,,4462,rabbounei | rabboni> formed in a similar way to the above, was an Aramaic form of a title almost entirely applied to the president of the Sanhedrin, if such was a descendant of Hillel. It was even more respectful than Rabbi, and signified "My great master;" in its use in the NT the pronominal force of the suffix is apparently retained (contrast Rabbi above); it is found in Mark 10:51 in the best texts, RV, "Rabboni" (AV, "Lord"), addressed to Christ by blind Bartimaeus, and in John 20:16 by Mary Magdalene, where it is interpreted by didaskalos, "Master" (marg., "Teacher").

Rabble * For RABBLE see COURT, No. 1 12 (AV, "silence"); in Acts 22:2, RV, "(they were the more) quiet," AV, "(they kept the more) silence," lit., "they kept quietness the more."

Raca <1,,4469,raka>
is an Aramaic word akin to the Heb. req, "empty," the first "a" being due to a Galilean change. In the AV of 1611 it was spelled racha; in the edition of 1638, raca. It was a word of utter contempt, signifying "empty," intellectually rather than morally, "empty-headed," like Abimelech's hirelings, Judg. 9:4, and the "vain" man of Jas. 2:20. As condemned by Christ, Matt. 5:22, it was worse than being angry, inasmuch as an outrageous utterance is worse than a feeling unexpressed or somewhat controlled in expression; it does not indicate such a loss of self-control as the word rendered "fool," a godless, moral reprobate.

Race (kindred) * For RACE (kindred) see KIND

Race (contest) <1,,73,agon>
is translated "race" in Heb. 12:1, one of the modes of athletic contest, this being the secondary meaning of the word. See CONFLICT.

<2,,4712,stadion>
"a stadium," denotes a "racecourse," 1 Cor. 9:24. The stadium (about 600 Greek feet or 1/8 of a Roman mile) was the length of the Olympic course. See FURLONG.

Note: No. 1 signifies the "race" itself; No. 2 the "course."

Rage, Raging <A-1,Verb,5433,phruasso>
was primarily used of "the snorting, neighing and prancing of horses;" hence, metaphorically, of "the haughtiness and insolence of men," Acts 4:25. In the Sept., Ps. 2:1.

<B-1,Noun,2830,kludon>
"a billow, surge" (akin to kluzo, "to wash over," said of the sea; cp. kludonizomai, "to be tossed by the waves," Eph. 4:14), is translated "raging" in Luke 8:24; in Jas. 1:6, RV, "surge" (AV, "wave").

Note: In Jude 1:13, AV, the adjective agrios, "wild," is translated "raging" (RV, "wild"). See WILD.

Rail, Railer, Railing <A-1,Verb,987,blasphemeo>
"to blaspheme, rail, revile" (for the meanings of which see BLASPHEME), is translated "to rail at, or on," in Matt. 27:39, RV (AV, "reviled"); Mark 15:29; Luke 23:39; 2 Pet. 2:10, RV (AV, "to speak evil of"); Luke 2:12, RV (AV, "speak evil of"). Cp. loidoreo, "to revile" (see REVILE), and B, No. 2 and C, No. 2.

<B-1,Noun,988,blasphemia>
is translated "railings" in Matt. 15:19, RV; 1 Tim. 6:4, AV and RV; "railing" in Mark 7:22, RV; Col. 3:8, RV; Jude 1:9, AV and RV, lit., "judgment of railing;" in Eph. 4:31, RV (AV, "evil speaking"). See BLASPHEMY.

<B-2,Noun,3059,loidoria>
"abuse, railing, reviling," is rendered "reviling" in the RV, 1 Pet. 3:9 (twice); in 1 Tim. 5:14, AV marg., "for their reviling." See REVILE, C.

<C-1,Adjective,989,blasphemos>
akin to A, and B, No. 1; see BLASPHEME, C.

<C-2,Adjective,3060,loidoros>
an adjective denoting "reviling, railing" (akin to B, No. 2), is used as a noun, "a railer," 1 Cor. 5:11. See REVILE.

Raiment * Notes: (1) For himation, rendered "raiment" in Matt. 17:2, AV (RV, "garments"), so Matt. 27:31; Mark 9:3; Luke 23:34; John 19:24; Acts 22:20; Rev. 3:5,18; 4:4; AV and RV, Acts 18:6, see CLOTHING, No. 2 and ROBE. Himatismos is rendered "raiment" in Luke 9:29; enduma in Matt. 3:4; 6:25,28; 28:3; Luke 12:23. For esthes, translated "raiment" in Jas. 2:2 (2nd part), AV, see APPAREL. (2) For skepasma, "a covering," rendered "raiment" in 1 Tim. 6:8, AV, see COVER, B, No. 2.

Rain (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,5205,huetos>
from huo, "to rain," is used especially, but not entirely, of "showers," and is found in Acts 14:17; 28:2; Heb. 6:7; Jas. 5:7 (see EARLY and LATTER); 5:18; Rev. 11:6 (see B).

<A-2,Noun,1028,broche>
akin to B, below, lit., "a wetting," hence, "rain," is used in Matt. 7:25,27. In the Sept., Ps. 68:9; 105:32. It is found in the papyri in connection with irrigation in Egypt (Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East).

<B-1,Verb,1026,brecho>
akin to A, No. 2, signifies (a) "to wet," Luke 7:38,44, RV (AV, to wash); (b) "to send rain," Matt. 5:45; to rain, Luke 17:29 (of fire and brimstone); Jas. 5:17, used impersonally (twice); Rev. 11:6, where huetos (A, No. 1) is used as the subject, lit., "(that) rain rain (not)."

Rainbow <1,,2463,iris>
whence Eng., "iris," the flower, describes the "rainbow" seen in the heavenly vision, "round about the throne, like an emerald to look upon," Rev. 4:3, emblematic of the fact that, in the exercise of God's absolute sovereignty and perfect counsels, He will remember His covenant concerning the earth (Gen. 9:9-17); in Rev. 10:1, "the rainbow," RV, the definite article suggests a connection with the scene in Rev. 4:3; here it rests upon the head of an angel who declares that "there shall be delay no longer" (ver. 6, RV marg., the actual meaning); the mercy to be shown to the earth must be preceded by the execution of Divine judgments upon the nations who defy God and His Christ. Cp. Ezek. 1:28.

Raise (up) <1,,1453,egeiro>
for the various meanings of which see ARISE, No. 3, is used (a) of "raising" the dead, Active and Passive Voices, e.g., of the resurrection of Christ, Matt. 16:21; 17:23; 20:19, RV; 26:32, RV, "(after) I am raised up" (AV, "... risen again"); Luke 9:22; 20:37; John 2:19; Acts 3:15; 4:10 [not 5:30, see (c) below]; 10:40 [not 13:23 in the best texts, see (c) below]; 13:30,37; Rom. 4:24,25; 6:4,9; 7:4; 8:11 (twice); 8:34, RV; 10:9; 1 Cor. 6:14 (1st part); 15:13,14, RV; 15:15 (twice),16,17; 15:20, RV; 2 Cor. 4:14; Gal. 1:1; Eph. 1:20; Col. 2:12; 1 Thess. 1:10; 1 Pet. 1:21; in 2 Tim. 2:8, RV, "risen;" (b) of the resurrection of human beings, Matt. 10:8; 11:5; Matt. 27:52, RV (AV, "arose"); Mark 12:26, RV; Luke 7:22; John 5:21; 12:1,9,17; Acts 26:8; 1 Cor. 15:29,32, RV; 15:35,42,43 (twice),44,52; 2 Cor. 1:9; 4:14; Heb. 11:19; (c) of "raising" up a person to occupy a place in the midst of a people, said of Christ, Acts 5:30; in Acts 13:23, AV only (the best texts have ago, to bring, RV, "hath ... brought"); of David, Acts 13:22 (for ver. 33 see No. 2); (d) metaphorically, of a horn of salvation, Luke 1:69; (e) of children, from stones, by creative power, Luke 3:8; (f) of the Temple, as the Jews thought, John 2:20, RV, "wilt thou raise (it) up" (AV, "rear"); (g) of "lifting" up a person, from physical infirmity, Mark 1:31, RV, "raised ... up" (AV, "lifted"); so Mark 9:27; Acts 3:7; 10:26, RV (AV, "took"); Jas. 5:15, "shall raise ... up;" (h) metaphorically, of "raising" up affliction, Phil. 1:17, RV (in the best texts; the AV, ver. 16, following those which have epiphero, has "to add"). See AWAKE, No. 1.

<2,,450,anistemi>
for the various applications of which See ARISE, No. 1, is translated "to raise or raise up," (a) of the resurrection of the dead by Christ, John 6:39,40,44,54; (b) of the resurrection of Christ from the dead, Acts 2:24 (for ver. 30 see RV, kathizo, "to set," as in the best texts); 2:32; 13:34, see (c) below; Acts 17:31; (c) of "raising" up a person to occupy a place in the midst of a nation, said of Christ, Acts 3:26; 7:37; 13:33, RV, "raised up Jesus," not here by resurrection from the dead, as the superfluous "again" of the AV would suggest; this is confirmed by the latter part of the verse, which explains the "raising" up as being by way of His incarnation, and by the contrast in ver. 34, where stress is laid upon His being "raised" from the dead, the same verb being used: (d) of "raising" up seed, Matt. 22:24; (e) of being "raised" from natural sleep, Matt. 1:24, AV, "being raised" (RV, "arose"); here some mss. have diegeiro, "to arouse completely;" see ARISE, No. 4.

Note: for the contrast between No. 1 and No. 2 see ARISE, No. 3 (parag. 2).

<3,,1825,exegeiro>
ek, "out of," and No. 1, is used (a) of the "resurrection" of believers, 1 Cor. 6:14 [2nd part; see No. 1 (a) for the 1st part]; (b) of "raising" a person to public position, Rom. 9:17, "did I raise thee up," RV, said of Pharaoh.

<4,,1817,exanistemi>
ek, "out of," and No. 2, is used of "raising" up seed, Mark 12:19; Luke 20:28; elsewhere, Acts 15:5, "to rise up." See RISE.

<5,,4891,sunegeiro>
"to raise together" (sun, "with," and No. 1), is used of the believer's spiritual resurrection with Christ. Eph. 2:6; Passive Voice in Col. 2:12, RV, "ye were ... raised (with Him)," AV, "ye are risen;" so Col. 3:1. See RISE.

Notes: (1) In Acts 13:50, AV, epegeiro, "to rouse up, excite," is translated "raised" (RV, "stirred up," as in AV and RV in Acts 14:2). (2) In Acts 24:12, poieo, to make, is used with epistasis, a collection of people, and translated "stirring up (a crowd)," RV, lit., 'making a collection (of a crowd)'; some mss. have episustasis, a resurrection, preceded by ex (i.e., ek), "out of, or by," instrumental, is translated "raised to life again" (a paraphrase), RV, "by a resurrection."

Ran * For RAN see RUN

Ranks <1,,4237,prasia>
"a garden bed or plot" (probably from prason, "a leek"), is used metaphorically in Mark 6:40 of "ranks" of persons arranged in orderly groups.

Ransom <1,,3083,lutron>
"a means of loosing" (from luo, "to loose"), occurs frequently in the Sept., where it is always used to signify "equivalence." Thus it is used of the "ransom" for a life, e.g., Exod. 21:30, of the redemption price of a slave, e.g., Lev. 19:20, of land, Lev. 25:24, of the price of a captive, Isa. 45:13. In the NT it occurs in Matt. 20:28; Mark 10:45, where it is used of Christ's gift of Himself as "a ransom for many." Some interpreters have regarded the "ransom" price as being paid to Satan; others, to an impersonal power such as death, or evil, or "that ultimate necessity which has made the whole course of things what it has been." Such ideas are largely conjectural, the result of an attempt to press the details of certain Old Testament illustrations beyond the actual statements of New Testament doctrines.

That Christ gave up His life in expiatory sacrifice under God's judgment upon sin and thus provided a "ransom" whereby those who receive Him on this ground obtain deliverance from the penalty due to sin, is what Scripture teaches. What the Lord states in the two passages mentioned involves this essential character of His death. In these passages the preposition is anti, which has a vicarious significance, indicating that the "ransom" holds good for those who, accepting it as such, no longer remain in death since Christ suffered death in their stead. The change of preposition in 1 Tim. 2:6, where the word antilutron, a substitutionary "ransom," is used, is significant. There the preposition is huper, "on behalf of," and the statement is made that He "gave Himself a ransom for all," indicating that the "ransom" was provisionally universal, while being of a vicarious character. Thus the three passages consistently show that while the provision was universal, for Christ died for all men, yet it is actual for those only who accept God's conditions, and who are described in the Gospel statements as "the many." The giving of His life was the giving of His entire person, and while His death under Divine judgment was alone expiatory, it cannot be dissociated from the character of His life which, being sinless, gave virtue to His death and was a testimony to the fact that His death must be of a vicarious nature.

<2,,487,antilutron>
1 Tim. 2:6. See under No. 1.