Note: For the phrase "that kept the door," thuroros, John 18:16,17 ("porter" in Mark 13:34; John 10:3), see PORTER.

Dote <1,,3552,noseo>
signifies "to be ill, to be ailing," whether in body or mind; hence, "to be taken with such a morbid interest in a thing as is tantamount to a disease, to dote," 1 Tim. 6:4 (marg., "sick"). The primary meaning of "dote" is to be foolish (cp. Jer. 50:36, the evident meaning of noseo, in this respect, is "to be unsound."

Double <A-1,Adjective,1362,diplous>
denotes "twofold, double," 1 Tim. 5:17; Rev. 18:6 (twice). The comparative degree diploteron (neuter) is used adverbially in Matt. 23:15, "twofold more."

<B-1,Verb,1363,diploo>
signifies "to double, to repay or render twofold," Rev. 18:6.

Double-minded <1,,1374,dipsuchos>
lit. means "two-souled" (dis, "twice," psuche, "a soul"), hence, "double-minded," Jas. 1:8; 4:8.

Double-tongued <1,,1351,dilogos>
primarily means "saying the same thing twice, or given to repetition" (dis, "twice," logos, "a word, or speech"); hence, "saying a thing to one person and giving a different view of it to another, double-tongued," 1 Tim. 3:8.

Doubt (be in, make to), Doubtful, Doubting <A-1,Verb,639,aporeo>
always used in the Middle Voice, lit. means "to be without a way" (a, negative, poros, "a way, transit"), "to be without resources, embarrassed, in doubt, perplexity, at a loss," as was Herod regarding John the Baptist, Mark 6:20 (RV, following the most authentic mss., "was much perplexed"); as the disciples were, regarding the Lord's betrayal, John 13:22, "doubting;" and regarding the absence of His body from the tomb, Luke 24:4, "were perplexed;" as was Festus, about the nature of the accusations brought against Paul, Acts 25:20, AV "doubted," RV, "being perplexed;" as Paul was, in his experiences of trial, 2 Cor. 4:8, "perplexed," and, as to the attitude of the believers of the churches in Galatia towards Judaistic errors, Gal. 4:20, AV, "I stand in doubt," RV, "I am perplexed." Perplexity is the main idea. See PERPLEX. Cp. the noun aporia, "distress," Luke 21:25.

<A-2,Verb,1280,diaporeo>
dia, "asunder" (intensive), and No. 1, signifies "to be thoroughly perplexed," with a perplexity amounting to despair, Acts 2:12; 5:24; 10:17, AV, "were in doubt," "doubted," RV, "were (was) perplexed." See also Luke 9:7 (some mss. have it in Luke 24:4, where the most authentic have No. 1). See PERPLEX.

<A-3,Verb,1252,diakrino>
see CONTEND and DIFFER, A, No. 2; in Acts 11:12, AV, "nothing doubting," RV, "making no distinction;" in Jude 1:22, RV, "who are in doubt" (AV, "making a difference," RV, marg., "while they dispute"); in Jas. 1:6, AV, "wavereth," RV, "doubteth." This verb suggests, not so much weakness of faith, as lack of it (contrast, Nos. 4 and 5).

<A-4,Verb,1365,distazo>
"to stand in two ways" (dis, "double," stasis, "a standing"), implying "uncertainty which way to take," is used in Matt. 14:31; 28:17; said of believers whose faith is small. Cp. No. 5.

<A-5,Verb,3349,meterizo>
from meteoros (Eng., "meteor"), signifying "in mid air, raised on high," was primarily used of putting a ship out to sea, or of "raising" fortifications, or of the "rising" of the wind. In the Sept., it is used, e.g., in Micah 4:1, of the "exaltation" of the Lord's house; in Ezek. 10:16, of the "lifting" up of the wings of the cherubim; in Obad. 1:4, of the "mounting" up of the eagle; in the NT metaphorically, of "being anxious," through a "distracted" state of mind, of "wavering" between hope and fear, Luke 12:29, "neither be ye of doubtful mind" (AV, marg., "live not in careful suspense"), addressed to those who have little faith. Cp. No. 4. The interpretation "do not exalt yourselves" is not in keeping with the context.

<A-6,Verb,5590 142,psuchen airo> lit., "to raise the breath, or to lift the soul," signifies "to hold in suspense," RV of John 10:24 (AV, "make us to doubt"), suggestive of "an objective suspense due to lack of light" (Warfield), through a failure of their expectations, rather than, subjectively, through unbelief. The meaning may thus be, "How long dost Thou raise our expectations without satisfying them?"

<B-1,Noun,1261,dialogismos>
expresses reasoning or questioning hesitation, 1 Tim. 2:8. See DISPUTE, A, No. 1.

Note: For AV, "doubtful" in Rom. 14:1 see DECISION, B, No. 2.

Doubt (no), Doubtless <1,,3843,pantos>
see ALTOGETHER, B.

Notes: (1) In 2 Cor. 12:1 the best texts have no word representing "doubtless." (2) In Luke 11:20, the particle ara, AV, "no doubt," means "then" (RV). (3) In 1 Cor. 9:10 the conjunction gar, AV, "no doubt," here means "assuredly," or "yea" (RV). (4) In Phil. 3:8, the opening phrase means "yea, verily," as RV. (5) In 1 Cor. 9:2, the RV, "at least," gives the right sense (not "doubtless").

Dove, Turtle-dove <1,,4058,peristera>
denotes "a dove or pigeon," Matt. 3:16; 10:16 (indicating its proverbial harmlessness); 21:12; Mark 1:10; 11:15; Luke 2:24 ("pigeons"); 3:22; John 1:32; 2:14,16.

<2,,5167,trugon>
denotes "a turtle-dove" (from truzo, "to murmur, to coo"), Luke 2:24.

Down * For DOWN see Note +, p. 9

Drag <1,,4951,suro>
"to draw, drag, haul," is used of a net, John 21:8; of violently "draging" persons along, Acts 8:3, "haling;" Acts 14:19, RV, "dragged," AV, "drew;" Acts 17:6 (ditto); Rev. 12:4, AV, "drew," RV, "draweth." See DRAW, HALE.

Note: Cp. the strengthened form katasuro, "to hale," used in Luke 12:58.

<2,,1670,helkuo>
"to draw," differs from suro, as "drawing" does from violent "dragging." It is used of "drawing" a net, John 21:6,11 (cp. No. 1, in ver. 8); Trench remarks, "At vv. 6 and 11 helko (or helkuo) is used; for there a drawing of the net to a certain point is intended; by the disciples to themselves in the ship, by Peter to himself upon the shore. But at ver. 8 helko gives place to suro: for nothing is there intended but the dragging of the net, which had been fastened to the ship, after it through the water" (Syn., xxi).

This less violent significance, usually present in helko, but always absent from suro, is seen in the metaphorical use of helko, to signify "drawing" by inward power, by Divine impulse, John 6:44; 12:32. So in the Sept., e.g., Song of Sol. 1:4; Jer. 31:3, "with lovingkindness have I drawn thee." It is used of a more vigorous action, in John 18:10, of "drawing" a sword; in Acts 16:19; 21:30, of forcibly "drawing" men to or from a place; so in Jas. 2:6, AV, "draw," RV, "drag." See DRAW.

Dragon <1,,1404,drakon>
denoted "a mythical monster, a dragon;" also a large serpent, so called because of its keen power of sight (from a root derk, signifying "to see"). Twelve times in the Apocalypse it is used of the Devil, 12:3,4,7,9,13,16,17; 13:2,4,11; 16:13; 20:2.

Drank * For DRANK see DRINK

Draught <1,,61,agra>
"a hunting, catching" (from ago, "to lead"), is used only in connection with fishing. In Luke 5:4 it signifies the act of catching fish; in ver. 9 it stands for the catch itself.

<2,,856,aphedron>
"a latrine, a sink, drain," is found in Matt. 15:17; Mark 7:19.

Drave and Drove * For DRAVE and DROVE see DRIVE

Draw (away, back, nigh, on, out, up) * (A) In the sense of "dragging, pulling, or attracting:"

<1,,307,anabibazo>
a causal form of anabaino, "to go up," denotes, lit., "to make go up, cause to ascend" (ana, "up," bibazo, "to cause to mount"), hence, "to draw a boat up on land," Matt. 13:48.

<2,,1670,helko>
is translated "to draw" in the AV, of Acts 21:30; Jas. 2:6; see DRAG, No. 2.

<3,,4951,suro>
see DRAG, No. 1.

<4,,4685,spao>
"to draw or pull," is used, in the Middle Voice, of "drawing" a sword from its sheath, Mark 14:47; Acts 16:27.

<5,,385,anaspao>
ana, "up," and No. 4, "to draw up," is used of "drawing" up an animal out of a pit, Luke 14:5 (RV, "draw up;" AV, "pull out"), and of the "drawing" up of the sheet into heaven, in the vision in Acts 11:10.

<6,,645,apospao>
apo, "from," and No. 4, "to draw away," lit., "to wrench away from," is used of a sword, Matt. 26:51; of "drawing" away disciples into error, Acts 20;30; of Christ's "withdrawal" from the disciples, in Gethsemane, Luke 22:41, AV, "was withdrawn," RV, "was parted" (or "was reft away from them"); of "parting" from a company, Acts 21:1 (AV, "were gotten," RV, "were parted"). See GET, PART.

<7,,501,antleo>
signified, primarily, "to draw out a ship's bilgewater, to bale or pump out" (from antlos, "bilge-water"), hence, "to draw water" in any way (ana, "up," and a root, tel---, "to lift, bear"), John 2:8,9; 4:7,15.

Note: In John 4:11, "to draw with" translates the corresponding noun antlema, "a bucket for drawing water by a rope."

<8,,1828,exelko>
ek, "out of," and No. 2, "to draw away, or lure forth," is used metaphorically in Jas. 1:14, of being "drawn away" by lust. As in hunting or fishing the game is "lured" from its haunt, so man's lust "allures" him from the safety of his self-restraint.

<9,,392,anatassomai>
"to arrange in order," is used in Luke 1:1; RV, "to draw up" (some interpret the word to mean to "bring together" from memory assisted by the Holy Spirit).

* (B) In the sense of "approaching or withdrawing:"

<10,,1448,engizo>
"to come near, draw nigh" (akin to engus, "near"), is translated by the verb "draw near or nigh," in the RV, Luke 12:33, AV, "approacheth;" Heb. 10:25, AV, "approaching;" Luke 18:35; 19:29,37; Acts 22:6, AV, "was come nigh;" Luke 7:12, "came nigh;" Acts 9:3, "came near." See APPROACH.

<11,,4334,proserchomai>
is translated "draw near" in Heb. 4:16; 7:25, RV, Heb. 10:22, AV and RV; in Acts 7:31, "drew near." See COME, GO.

<12,,4317,prosago>
used transitively, "to bring to;" intransitively, "to draw near," is so rendered in Acts 27:27. See BRING.

<13,,5288,hupostello>
"to draw back, withdraw," perhaps a metaphor from lowering a sail and so slackening the course, and hence of being remiss in holding the truth; in the Active Voice, rendered "drew back" in Gal. 2:12, RV (AV, "withdrew"); in the Middle, in Heb. 10:38, "shrink back" RV (AV, "draw back"); the prefix hupo, "underneath," is here suggestive of stealth. In ver. 39 the corresponding noun, hupostole, is translated "of them that shrinking back"). In Acts 20:20,27, "shrank," RV. See KEEP, Note (6), SHRINK, SHUN, WITHDRAW.

<14,,868,aphistemi>
see DEPART, A, No. 20.

<15,,1096,ginomai>
"to become, begin to be," is translated "drawing nigh," in John 6:19. See BECOME.

<16,,2020,epihosko>
"to dawn" (lit., "to make to shine upon"), is said of the approach of the Sabbath, Luke 23:54 (marg., "began to dawn"); cp. Matt. 28:1. See DAWN, A, No. 3.

Notes: (1) In Mark 6:53, prosormizo, "to bring a ship (or boat) to anchor, cast anchor, land at a place" (pros, "to," hormizo, "to moor, bring to anchorage"), is translated "moored to the shore," in the RV, for AV, "drew."

(2) In Acts 19:33, where the most authentic mss. have sumbibazo, the RV translates it "brought" (marg., "instructed"), AV, "draw out." Some mss. have probibazo, "to bring or drag forward." See BRING, No. 24.

Dream (Noun and Verb), Dreamer <A-1,Noun,3677,onar>
is "a vision in sleep," in distinction from a waking vision, Matt. 1:20; 2:12,13,19,22; 27:19.

<A-2,Noun,1798,enupnion>
is, lit., "what appears in sleep" (en, "in," hupnos, "sleep"), an ordinary "dream," Acts 2:17. For synonymous nouns, see VISION.

<B-1,Verb,1797,enupniazo>
akin to A, No. 2, is used in Acts 2:17, in the Passive Voice, in a phrase (according to the most authentic mss.) which means "shall be given up to dream by dreams," translated "shall dream dreams;" metaphorically in Jude 1:8, of being given over to sensuous "dreamings," RV, AV, "dreamers," and so defiling the flesh.

Dressed * Note: This is the AV translation of the Passive of georgeo, Heb. 6:7, "to till the ground, to practice as a farmer;" RV, "is tilled." See TILL.

Dresser * Note: For ampelourgos, "dresser," Luke 13:7, AV (RV, "vine-dresser"), see VINEDRESSER.

Dried * For DRIED see DRY, B

Drift <1,,3901,pararheo>
lit., "to flow past, glide by" (para, "by," rheo, "to flow"), is used in Heb. 2:1, where the significance is to find oneself "flowing" or "passing by," without giving due heed to a thing, here "the things that were heard," or perhaps the salvation of which they spoke; hence the RV, "lest haply we drift away from them," for AV, "let them slip." The AV marg. "run out as leaking vessels," does not give the meaning. In the Sept., Prov. 3:21; Isa. 44:4.

Drink (-eth, -er, -ing), Drank <A-1,Noun,4188,poma>
akin to B, No. 1, denotes "the thing drunk" (from a root po---, found in the Eng., "portion;" it is connected with the root pi---; see B, No. 3), 1 Cor. 10:4; Heb. 9:10.

<A-2,Noun,4213,posis>
akin to B, No. 1, suggests "the act of drinking," John 6:55 (where it is practically equivalent to No. 1); Rom. 14:17, "drinking," RV; Col. 2:16.

<A-3,Noun,4608,sikera>
is "a strong, intoxicating drink," made from any sweet ingredients, whether grain, vegetables, or the juice of fruits, or a decoction of honey; "strong drink," Luke 1:15. In the Sept., Lev. 10:9; Num. 6:3; 28:7; Deut. 14:26; 29:6; Isa. 5:11,22; 24:9; 28:7; 29:9.

<B-1,Verb,4095,pino>
"to drink," is used chiefly in the Gospels and in 1 Cor., whether literally (most frequently), or figuratively, (a) of "drinking" of the blood of Christ, in the sense of receiving eternal life, through His death, John 6:53,54,56; (b) of "receiving" spiritually that which refreshes, strengthens and nourishes the soul, John 7:37; (c) of "deriving" spiritual life from Christ, John 4:14, as Israel did typically, 1 Cor. 10:4; (d) of "sharing" in the sufferings of Christ humanly inflicted, Matt. 20:22,23; Mark 10:38,39; (e) of "participating" in the abominations imparted by the corrupt religious and commercial systems emanating from Babylon, Rev. 18:3; (f) of "receiving" Divine judgment, through partaking unworthily of the Lord's Supper, 1 Cor. 11:29; (g) of "experiencing" the wrath of God, Rev. 14:10; 16:6; (h) of the earth's "receiving" the benefits of rain, Heb. 6:7.

<B-2,Verb,3184,methuo>
from methu, "wine, to be drunk," is used in John 2:10 in the Passive Voice, and is translated in the RV, "have drunk freely;" AV, "have well drunk." See DRUNK.

<B-3,Verb,4222,potizo>
"to give to drink, to make to drink," is used (a) in the material sense, in Matt. 10:42; 25:35,37,42 (here of "ministering" to those who belong to Christ and thus doing so virtually to Him); 27:48; Mark 9:41; 15:36; Luke 13:15 ("to watering"); Rom. 12:20; 1 Cor. 3:7,8; (b) figuratively, with reference to "teaching" of an elementary character, 1 Cor. 3:2, "I fed (you with milk);" of "spiritual watering by teaching" the Word of God, 1 Cor. 3:6; of being "provided" and "satisfied" by the power and blessing of the Spirit of God, 1 Cor. 12:13; of the effect upon the nations of "partaking" of the abominable mixture, provided by Babylon, of paganism with details of the Christian faith, Rev. 14:8. See FEED, WATER.

<B-4,Verb,4844,sumpino>
"to drink together" (sun, "with," and B, No. 1), is found in Acts 10:41.

<B-5,Verb,5202,hudropoteo>
"to drink water" (hudor, "water," poteo, "to drink"), is found in 1 Tim. 5:23, RV, "be (no longer) a drinker of water."

Drive, Driven, Drave, Drove <1,,1544,ekballo>
denotes, lit., "to cast forth," with the suggestion of force (ek, "out," ballo, "to cast"); hence "to drive out or forth." It is translated "driveth" in Mark 1:12, RV, "driveth forth." In John 2:15 for the AV, "drove," the RV has "cast," the more usual translation. See CAST, No. 5.

<2,,1559,ekdioko>
"to chase away, drive out" (ek, "out," dioko, "to pursue"), is used in 1 Thess. 2:15, RV, "drave out," AV, "have persecuted." Some mss. have this verb for dioko, in Luke 11:49.

<3,,1643,elauno>
signifies "to drive, impel, urge on." It is used of "rowing," Mark 6:48; John 6:19; of the act of a demon upon a man, Luke 8:29; of the power of winds upon ships, Jas. 3:4; and of storms upon mists, 2 Pet. 2:17, AV, "carried," RV, "driven." See also CARRY, Note (2), ROW.

<4,,556,apelauno>
apo, "from," and No. 3, "to drive from," is used in Acts 18:16.

<5,,1856,exotheo>
"to thrust out" (ek, "out," otheo, "to push, thrust"), is translated "thrust" in Acts 7:45, RV (AV, "drave"); in Acts 27:39, of "driving" a storm-tossed ship ashore (RV, "drive," AV, "thrust"). Cp. No. 6. See THRUST.

<6,,5342,phero>
"to bear," is translated "driven" in Acts 27:15,17, of "being borne" in a storm-tossed ship. See BEAR, etc.

<7,,1308,diaphero>
lit., "to bear through" (dia, "through," and No. 6), in Acts 27:27 signifies "to be borne hither and thither" (RV, "were driven to and fro;" AV, "up and down"). See BETTER (be), No. 1.

<8,,416,anemizo>
"to drive by the wind" (anemos, "wind"), is used in Jas. 1:6.

Note: For "let ... drive," Acts 27:15, see GIVE, No. 3.

Drop (Noun) <1,,2361,thrombos>
"a large, thick drop of clotted blood" (etymologically akin to trepho, "to curdle"), is used in Luke 22:44, in the plural, in the narrative of the Lord's agony in Gethsemane.

Dropsy <1,,5203,hudropikos>
"dropsical, suffering from dropsy" (hudrops, "dropsy"), is found in Luke 14:2, the only instance recorded of the healing of this disease by the Lord.

Drown <1,,1036,buthizo>
"to plunge into the deep, to sink" (buthos, "bottom, the deep, the sea"), akin to bathos, "depth," and abussos, "bottomless," and Eng., "bath," is used in Luke 5:7 of the "sinking" of a boat; metaphorically in 1 Tim. 6:9, of the effect of foolish and hurtful lusts, which "drown men in destruction and perdition." See SINK.

<2,,2666,katapino>
lit., "to drink down" (pino, "to drink," prefixed by kata, "down"), signifies "to swallow up" (RV, in Heb. 11:29, for AV, "were drowned"). It is elsewhere translated by the verb "to swallow, or swallow up," except in 1 Pet. 5:8, "devour." See DEVOUR, No. 3, SWALLOW.

<3,,2670,katapontizo>
"to throw into the sea" (kata, "down," pontos, "the open sea"), in the Passive Voice, "to be sunk in, to be drowned," is translated "were drowned," in Matt. 18:6, AV (RV, "should be sunk"); elsewhere in Matt. 14:30, "(beginning) to sink." See SINK.

Drunk, (-en, be), Drunkard, Drunkenness <A-1,Verb,3184,methuo>
signifies "to be drunk with wine" (from methu, "mulled wine;" hence Eng., "mead, honey-wine"); originally it denoted simply "a pleasant drink." For John 2:10 see under DRINK. The verb is used of "being intoxicated" in Matt. 24:49; Acts 2:15; 1 Cor. 11:21; 1 Thess. 5:7b; metaphorically, of the effect upon men of partaking of the abominations of the Babylonish system, Rev. 17:2; of being in a state of mental "intoxication," through the shedding of men's blood profusely, ver. 6.

<A-2,Verb,3182,methusko>
signifies "to make drunk, or to grow drunk" (an inceptive verb, marking the process or the state expressed in No. 1), "to become intoxicated," Luke 12:45; Eph. 5:18; 1 Thess. 5:7.

<B-1,Adjective,3183,methusos>
"drunken" (cp. No. 2), is used as noun, in the singular, in 1 Cor. 5:11, and in the plural, in 1 Cor. 6:10, "drunkard," "drunkards."

<C-1,Noun,3178,methe>
"strong drink" (akin to methu, "wine," see under A. 1, above), denotes "drunkenness, habitual intoxication," Luke 21:34; Rom. 13:13; Gal. 5:21.

Dry <A-1,Adjective,3584,xeros>
is used (a) naturally, of "dry" land, Heb. 11:29; or of land in general, Matt. 23:15, "land;" or of physical infirmity, "withered," Matt. 12:10; Mark 3:3; Luke 6:6,8; John 5:3; (b) figuratively, in Luke 23:31, with reference to the spiritual "barrenness" of the Jews, in contrast to the character of the Lord. Cp. Ps. 1:3; Isa. 56:3; Ezek. 17:24; 20:47. See LAND, WITHERED.

<A-2,Adjective,504,anudros>
"waterless" (a, negative, n, euphonic, hudor, "water"), is rendered "dry" in Matt. 12:43, AV, and Luke 11:24 (RV, "waterless"); "without water" in 2 Pet. 2:17; Jude 1:12. See WATER.

<B-1,Verb,3583,xeraino>
akin to A. 1, "to dry, dry up, make dry, wither," is translated "dried" (of physical infirmity), in Mark 5:29; of a tree, in the AV of Mark 11:20 (RV, "withered away"); of water, in Rev. 16:12. It is translated "ripe" (RV, "overripe") in Rev. 14:15, of a harvest (used figuratively of the gathered nations against Jerusalem at the end of this age); "pineth away," in Mark 9:18. See OVERRIPE, PINE AWAY, RIPE, WITHER.

Due <A-1,Adjective,2398,idios>
"one's own," is applied to kairos, "a season," in Gal. 6:9, "in due season," i.e., in the season Divinely appointed for the reaping. So in 1 Tim. 2:6, "the testimony to be borne in its own (AV, 'due') times (seasons);" 1 Tim. 6:15, "in its own (idios) times (seasons);" similarly in Titus 1:3. See BUSINESS, B.

Note: For axios, "the due reward," see REWARD, Note (1).

<B-1,Verb,3784,opheilo>
signifies "to owe, to be indebted," especially financially, Matt. 18:30, RV, "that which was due;" Matt. 18:34, "all that was due." See BEHOVE, BOUND (to be).

<B-2,Verb,1163,dei>
an impersonal verb signifying "it is necessary," is translated "was due" in Rom. 1:27, RV (AV, "was meet"). See BEHOVE.

<C-1,Noun,3782,opheile>
akin to B, No. 1, is rendered "dues" in Rom. 13:7. In 1 Cor. 7:3, RV, it is translated "her due" (the AV, "due benevolence" follows another reading).

Notes: (1) In the phrases "in due season" in Matt. 24:45; Luke 12:42; Rom. 5:6 (lit., "according to time"), and "in due time," 1 Pet. 5:6, there is no word representing "due" in the original, and the phrases are, lit., "in season," "in time."

(2) For the phrase "born out of due time," in 1 Cor. 15:8, see BEGET, B, No. 2.

Dull <A-1,Adjective,3576,nothros>
"slow, sluggish, indolent, dull" (the etymology is uncertain), is translated "dull" in Heb. 5:11 (in connection with akoe, "hearing;" lit., "in hearings"); "sluggish," in 6:12. See SLOTHFUL, SLUGGISH. In the Sept., Prov. 22:29. Cp. nothrokardios, "slow of heart" (kardia, "the heart"), Prov. 12:8.

Note: In Luke 24:25 "slow (of heart)" translates the synonymous word bradus. Of these Trench says (Syn. civ), "Bradus differs from the words with which it is here brought into comparison, in that no moral fault or blame is necessarily involved in it; so far indeed is it from this, that of the three occasions on which it is used in the NT two are in honor; for to be 'slow' to evil things, to rash speaking, or to anger (Jas. 1:19, twice), is a grace, and not the contrary. ... There is a deeper, more inborn sluggishness implied in nothros, and this bound up as it were in the very life, more than in either of the other words of this group." Trench compares and contrasts argos, "idle," but this word is not strictly synonymous with the other two.

<B-1,Adverb,917,bareos>
"heavily, with difficulty" (barus, "heavy"), is used with akouo, "to hear," in Matt. 13:15; Acts 28:27 (from Isa. 6:10), lit., "to hear heavily, to be dull of hearing." In the Sept., Gen. 31:35 (lit., "bear it not heavily"); Isa. 6:10.

Dumb <A-1,Adjective,216,alalos>
lit., "speechless" (a, negative, and laleo, "to speak"), is found in Mark 7:37; 9:17,25. In the Sept., Ps. 38:13.

<A-2,Adjective,880,aphonos>
lit., "voiceless, or soundless" (a, negative, and phone, "a sound"), has reference to voice, Acts 8:32; 1 Cor. 12:2; 2 Pet. 2:16, while alalos has reference to words. In 1 Cor. 14:10 it is used metaphorically of the significance of voices or sounds, "without signification." In the Sept. Isa. 53:7.

<A-3,Adjective,2974,kophos>
denotes "blunted or dulled;" see DEAF.

<B-1,Verb,4623,siopao>
from siope, "silence, to be silent," is used of Zacharias' "dumbness," Luke 1:20. See PEACE (hold one's).

Dung <1,,4657,skubalon>
denotes "refuse," whether (a) "excrement," that which is cast out from the body, or (b) "the leavings of a feast," that which is thrown away from the table. Some have derived it from kusibalon (with metathesis of k and s), "thrown to dogs;" others connect it with a root meaning "shred." Judaizers counted gentile Christians as dogs, while they themselves were seated at God's banquet. The Apostle, reversing the image, counts the Judaistic ordinances as refuse upon which their advocates feed, Phil. 3:8.

<2,,2874,koprion>
"manure," Luke 13:8, used in the plural with ballo, "to throw," is translated by the verb "to dung." Some mss. have the accusative case of the noun kopria, "a dunghill." See below.

Dunghill <1,,2874,kopria>
"a dunghill," is found in Luke 14:35.

Dure * For DURE see under WHILE, Note 1

During * For DURING see Note p. 1

Durst * For DURST see DARE

Dust <A-1,Noun,5522,chous, or choos> from cheo, "to pour," primarily, "earth dug out, an earth heap," then, "loose earth or dust," is used in Mark 6:11; Rev. 18:19.

<A-2,Noun,2868,koniortos>
"raised or flying dust" (konia, "dust," ornumi, "to stir up"), is found in Matt. 10:14; Luke 9:5; 10:11; Acts 13:51; 22:23.

<B-1,Verb,3039,likmao>
primarily, "to winnow" (from likmos, "a winnowing-fan"), hence, "to scatter" as chaff or dust, is used in Matt. 21:44; Luke 20:18, RV, "scatter as dust," AV, "grind to powder." There are indications in the papyri writings that the word came to denote "to ruin, to destroy."

Duty <1,,3784,opheilo>
"to owe, to be indebted," is translated "it was our duty," in Luke 17:10, lit., "we owe (ought) to do;" so in Rom. 15:27, AV, "their duty is:" RV, "they owe it." See BEHOVE, BOUND.

Dwell, Dwellers, Dwelling (place) <A-1,Verb,3611,oikeo>
"to dwell" (from oikos, "a house"), "to inhabit as one's abode," is derived from the Sanskrit, vic, "a dwelling place" (the Eng. termination "wick" is connected). It is used (a) of God as "dwelling" in light, 1 Tim. 6:16; (b) of the "indwelling" of the Spirit of God in the believer, Rom. 8:9,11, or in a church, 1 Cor. 3:16; (c) of the "indwelling" of sin, Rom. 7:20; (d) of the absence of any good thing in the flesh of the believer, Rom. 7:18; (e) of the "dwelling" together of those who are married, 1 Cor. 7:12,13.

<A-2,Verb,2730,katoikeo>
kata, "down," and No. 1, the most frequent verb with this meaning, properly signifies "to settle down in a dwelling, to dwell fixedly in a place." Besides its literal sense, it is used of (a) the "indwelling" of the totality of the attributes and powers of the Godhead in Christ, Col. 1:19; 2:9; (b) the "indwelling" of Christ in the hearts of believers ("may make a home in your hearts"), Eph. 3:17; (c) the "dwelling" of Satan in a locality, Rev. 2:13; (d) the future "indwelling" of righteousness in the new heavens and earth, 2 Pet. 3:13. It is translated "dwellers" in Acts 1:19; 2:9; "inhabitants" in Rev. 17:2, AV (RV, "they that dwell"), "inhabiters" in Rev. 8:13; 12:12, AV (RV, "them that dwell").

Cp. the nouns katoikesis (below), katoikia, "habitation," Acts 17:26; katoiketerion, "a habitation," Eph. 2:22; Rev. 18:2. Contrast paroikeo, "to sojourn," the latter being temporary, the former permanent. See HABITATION, INHABITANT.

<A-3,Verb,2730,katoikizo>
"to cause to dwell," is said of the act of God concerning the Holy Spirit in Jas. 4:5, RV (some mss. have No. 2).

<A-4,Verb,1774,enoikeo>
lit., "to dwell in" (en, "in," and No. 1), is used, with a spiritual significance only, of (a) the "indwelling" of God in believers, 2 Cor. 6:16; (b) the "indwelling" of the Holy Spirit, Rom. 8:11; 2 Tim. 1:14; (c) the "indwelling" of the Word of Christ, Col. 3:16; (d) the "indwelling" of faith, 2 Tim. 1:5; (e) the "indwelling" of sin in the believer, Rom. 7:17.

<A-5,Verb,4039,perioikeo>
peri, "around," and No. 1, "to dwell around, be a neighbor," is used in Luke 1:65. Cp. perioikos, "a neighbor," Luke 1:58.

<A-6,Verb,4924,sunoikeo>
sun, "with," and No. 1, "to dwell with," is used in 1 Pet. 3:7.

<A-7,Verb,1460,enkatoikeo>
en, "in," and No. 2, "to dwell among," is used in 2 Pet. 2:8.

<A-8,Verb,3306,meno>
"to abide, remain," is translated "to dwell," in the AV of John 1:38,39; 6:56; 14:10,17; Acts 28:16. The RV adheres throughout to the verb "to abide." See ABIDE.

<A-9,Verb,4637,skenoo>
"to pitch a tent" (skene), "to tabernacle," is translated "dwelt," in John 1:14, AV, RV marg., "tabernacled;" in Rev. 7:15, AV, "shall dwell," RV, "shall spread (His) tabernacle;" in Rev. 12:12; 13:6; 21:3, "dwell." See TABERNACLE.

<A-10,Verb,2681,kataskenoo>
"to pitch one's tent" (kata, "down," skene, "a tent"), is translated "lodge" in Matt. 13:32; Mark 4:32; Luke 13:19; in Acts 2:26, RV, "dwell," AV, "rest."

<A-11,Verb,1687,embateuo>
primarily, "to step in, or on" (from embaino, "to enter"), hence (a) "to frequent, dwell in," is used metaphorically in Col. 2:18, RV, "dwelling in" (marg., "taking his stand upon"); (b) with reference to the same passage, alternatively, "to invade, to enter on;" perhaps used in this passage as a technical term of the mystery religions, denoting the entrance of the initiated into the new life (AV, "intruding into"). A suggested alternative reading involves the rendering "treading on air," i.e., indulging in vain speculations, but evidences in the papyri writings make the emendation unnecessary.

<A-12,Verb,2521,kathemai>
"to sit down," is translated "dwell," in Luke 21:35. See SET, SIT.

<A-13,Verb,2523,kathizo>
"to sit down," denotes "to dwell," in Acts 18:11 (RV, "dwelt," for AV, "continued").

<A-14,Verb,790,astateo>
"to wander about" (a, negative, histemi, "to stand"), "to have no fixed dwelling-place," is used in 1 Cor. 4:11. Cp. akatastatos, "unstable," Jas. 1:8; 3:8; akatastasia, "revolution, confusion," e.g., 1 Cor. 14:33.

<B-1,Noun,3940,paroikia>
denotes "a sojourning," Acts 13:17, lit., "in the sojourning," translated "when they sojourned," RV (AV, "dwelt as strangers"); in 1 Pet. 1:17, "sojourning."

<B-2,Noun,2731,katoikesis>
akin to A, No. 2, "a dwelling, a habitation," is used in Mark 5:3.

Note: Cp. oikia, and oikos, "a house," oikema, "a prison," katoikia, "a habitation" (see A, No. 2).

<B-3,Noun,3410,misthoma>
primarily, "a price, a hire" (akin to misthos, "wages, hire," and misthoo, "to let out for hire"), is used in Acts 28:30 to denote "a hired dwelling."

Dying * For DYING see DEADNESS

Dysentery <1,,1420,dusenterion>
whence Eng., "dysentery," is so translated in Acts 28:8, RV, for AV "bloody flux" (enteron denotes an "intestine").

Each, Each man, Each one <1,,1538,hekastos>
"each" or "every," is used of any number separately, either (a) as an adjective qualifying a noun, e.g., Luke 6:44; John 19:23; Heb. 3:13, where "day by day," is, lit., "according to each day;" or, more emphatically with heis, "one," in Matt. 26:22; Luke 4:40; 16:5; Acts 2:3,6; 20:31; 1 Cor. 12:18; Eph. 4:7,16, RV, "each (several)," for AV, "every;" Col. 4:6; 1 Thess. 2:11; 2 Thess. 1:3; (b) as a distributive pronoun, e.g., Acts 4:35; Rom. 2:6; Gal. 6:4; in Phil. 2:4, it is used in the plural; some mss. have it thus in Rev. 6:11. The repetition in Heb. 8:11 is noticeable, "every man" (i.e., everyone). Prefixed by the preposition ana, "apiece" (a colloquialism), it is used, with stress on the individuality, in Rev. 21:21, of the gates of the heavenly city, "each one of the several," RV; in Eph. 5:33, preceded by kath' hena, "by one," it signifies "each (one) his own." The phrase hen kath' hen, lit., "one by one," is used in Rev. 4:8, "each one of them."

Each other <1,,240,allelon>
a reciprocal pronoun, preceded by the preposition meta, "with," signifies "with each other," Luke 23:12, RV, for AV, "together." Similarly in 24:14 pros allelous, where pros suggests greater intimacy. See ONE ANOTHER.

Eagle <1,,105,aetos>
"an eagle" (also a vulture), is perhaps connected with aemi, "to blow," as of the wind, on account of its windlike flight. In Matt. 24:28; Luke 17:37 the vultures are probably intended. The meaning seems to be that, as these birds of prey gather where the carcass is, so the judgments of God will descend upon the corrupt state of humanity. The figure of the "eagle" is used in Ezek. 17 to represent the great powers of Egypt and Babylon, as being employed to punish corrupt and faithless Israel. Cp. Job 39:30; Prov. 30:17. The "eagle" is mentioned elsewhere in the NT in Rev. 4:7; 8:13 (RV); 12:14. There are eight species in Palestine.

Ear (of the body) <1,,3775,ous>
Latin auris, is used (a) of the physical organ, e.g., Luke 4:21; Acts 7:57; in Acts 11:22, in the plural with akouo, "to hear," lit., "was heard into the ears of someone," i.e., came to the knowledge of; similarly, in the singular, Matt. 10:27, in familiar private conversation; in Jas. 5:4 the phrase is used with eiserchomai, "to enter into;" in Luke 1:44, with ginomai, "to become, to come;" in Luke 12:3, with lalein, "to speak" and pros, "to;" (b) metaphorically, of the faculty of perceiving with the mind, understanding and knowing, Matt. 13:16; frequently with akouo, "to hear," e.g., Matt. 11:15; 13:9,43; Rev. 2 and 3, at the close of each of the messages to the churches; in Matt. 13:15; Acts 28:27, with bareos, "heavily," of being slow to understand and obey; with a negative in Mark 8:18; Rom. 11:8; in Luke 9:44 the lit. meaning is "put those words into your ears," i.e., take them into your mind and keep them there; in Acts 7:51 it is used with aperitmetos, "uncircumcised." As seeing is metaphorically associated with conviction, so hearing is with obedience (hupakoe, lit., "hearing under;" the Eng., "obedience" is etymologically "hearing over against," i.e., with response in the hearer).

<2,,5621,otion>
a diminutive of No. 1, but without the diminutive force, it being a common tendency in everyday speech to apply a diminutive from to most parts of the body, is used in Matt. 26:51; Mark 14:47 (in some mss.); Luke 22:51; John 18:10 (in some mss.) and ver. 26, all with reference to the "ear" of Malchus.

Note: The most authentic mss. have the alternative diminutive otarion, in Mark 14:47; John 18:10.

<3,,189,akoe>
"hearing," akin to akouo, "to hear," denotes (a) the sense of "hearing," e.g., 1 Cor. 12:17; 2 Pet. 2:8; (b) that which is "heard," a report, e.g., Matt. 4:24; (c) the physical organ, Mark 7:35, standing for the sense of "hearing;" so in Luke 7:1, RV, for AV, "audience;" Acts 17:20; 2 Tim. 4:3,4 (in ver. 3, lit., "being tickled as to the ears"); (d) a message or teaching, John 12:38; Rom. 10:16,17; Gal. 3:2,5; 1 Thess. 2:13; Heb. 4:2, RV, "(the word) of hearing," for AV, "(the word) preached." See FAME, HEARING, PREACH, REPORT, RUMOR.

Note: In Matt. 28:14, the verb akouo is used with the preposition epi, "upon or before" (or hupo, "by," in some mss.), lit., "if this come to a hearing before the governor."

Ear (of corn) <1,,4719,stachus>
is found in Matt. 12:1; Mark 2:23; 4:28 ("ear," twice); Luke 6:1. The first part of the word is derived from the root sta---, found in parts of the verb histemi, "to cause to stand." It is used as a proper name in Rom. 16:9.

Early <A-1,Noun,3722,othros>
denotes "daybreak, dawn" (cp. Lat. orior, "to rise"). Used with the adverb batheos, "deeply," in Luke 24:1, it means "at early dawn" (RV). In John 8:2 it is used in the genitive case, orthrou, "at dawn," i.e., "early in the morning." In Acts 5:21, it is used with the article and preceded by the preposition hupo, "under, or about," lit., "about the dawn," "about daybreak," RV (for AV, "early in the morning.").

<B-1,Adjective,3720,orthrinos>
"early," akin to A., is a later form of orthrios. It is found, in the most authentic mss., in Luke 24:22, of the women at the sepulchre, lit., "early ones" (some texts have the form orthrios, "at daybreak").

<B-2,Adjective,4406,proimos>
or proimos, a longer and later form of prois, pertaining to the "morning," is formed from pro, "before" (cp. protos, "first"), and used in Jas. 5:7, of the early rain.

<C-1,Adverb,4404,proi>
"early in the day, at morn," is derived from pro, "before" (see B, No. 2, above). In Mark 16:2, AV, it is translated "early in the morning;" in Mark 16:9; John 18:28; 20:1, "early;" in Matt. 16:3; 20:1; 21:18; Mark 1:35; 11:20; 13:35; 15:1, "in the morning;" in Acts 28:23, "(from) morning." See MORNING.

Note: In Matt. 20:1, hama, "at once," is redered "early."

Earnest (Noun) <1,,728,arrabon>
originally, "earnest-money" deposited by the purchaser and forfeited if the purchase was not completed, was probably a Phoenician word, introduced into Greece. In general usage it came to denote "a pledge" or "earnest" of any sort; in the NT it is used only of that which is assured by God to believers; it is said of the Holy Spirit as the Divine "pledge" of all their future blessedness, 2 Cor. 1:22; 5:5; in Eph. 1:14, particularly of their eternal inheritance. In the Sept., Gen. 38:17,18,20. In modern Greek arrabona is an "engagement ring."

Earnest, Earnestness, Earnestly <A-1,Noun,4710,spoude>
akin to speudo, "to hasten," denotes "haste," Mark 6:25; Luke 1:39; hence, "earnestness," 2 Cor. 8:7, RV, for AV, "diligence," and ver. 8, for AV, "forwardness;" in 2 Cor. 7:12, "earnest care," for AV, "care;" in 2 Cor. 8:16, "earnest care." See BUSINESS, CARE, CAREFULNESS, DILIGENCE, FORWARDNESS, HASTE.

<B-1,Adjective,4705,spoudaios>
akin to A, denotes "active, diligent, earnest," 2 Cor. 8:22 RV, "earnest," for AV, "diligent;" in the latter part of the verse the comparative degree, spoudaioteros, is used, RV, "more earnest," for AV, "more diligent;" in ver. 17, RV, in the superlative sense, "very earnest," for AV, "more forward." See DILIGENT, FORWARD.

<C-1,Adverb,1619,ektenos>
"earnestly" (ek, "out," teino, "to stretch;" Eng., "tension," etc.), is used in Acts 12:5, "earnestly," RV, for AV, "without ceasing" (some mss. have the adjective ektenes, "earnest"); in 1 Pet. 1:22, "fervently." The idea suggested is that of not relaxing in effort, or acting in a right spirit. See FERVENTLY.

<C-2,Adverb,1617,ektenesteron>
the comparative degree of No. 1, used as an adverb in this neuter form, denotes "more earnestly, fervently," Luke 22:44.

<C-3,Adverb,4709,spoudaios>
akin to B, signifies "with haste," or "with zeal, earnestly," Luke 7:4, RV, "earnestly," for AV, "instantly;" in 2 Tim. 1:17 (RV); Titus 3:13, "diligently;" in Phil. 2:28, the comparative spoudaioteros, RV, "the more diligently," AV, "the more carefully." See CAREFULLY, DILIGENTLY, INSTANTLY.

<D-1,Adverbial Phrase,1722 1616,en ekteneia> lit., "in earnestness," cp. C, No. 1, is translated "earnestly" in Acts 26:7, RV, for AV, "instantly." See INSTANTLY.

Notes: (1) For the phrase "earnest expectation," Rom. 8:19; Phil. 1:20, see EXPECTATION. (2) In 1 Cor. 12:31; 14:1,39, zeloo, "to be zealous about," is translated "desire earnestly." See DESIRE. (3) In 2 Pet. 3:12, speudo is translated "earnestly desiring," for AV, "hasting unto." See HASTEN. (4) In Jude 1:3, epagonizo, "to contend earnestly," is so translated. (5) In Jas. 5:17 the dative case of the noun proseuche is translated "earnestly" (AV), in connection with the corresponding verb, lit., "he prayed with prayer" (RV, "fervently"), implying persevering continuance in prayer with fervor. Cp., e.g., Ps. 40:1, lit., "in waiting I waited." See FERVENT. (6) Atenizo, akin to C, No. 1, "to fix the eyes upon, gaze upon," is translated "earnestly looked" in Luke 22:56, AV (RV, "looking steadfastly"); in Acts 3:12, AV, "look ye earnestly," RV, "fasten ye your eyes on;" in Acts 23:1, AV, "earnestly beholding," RV, "looking steadfastly on." (7) In Heb. 2:1, prosecho, "to give heed," is used with the adverb perissoteros, "more abundantly," to signify "to give the more earnest heed;" lit., "to give heed more exceedingly." For the verb see ATTEND, GIVE, No. 16, HEED, REGARD.

Earth <1,,1093,ge>
denotes (a) "earth as arable land," e.g., Matt. 13:5,8,23; in 1 Cor. 15:47 it is said of the "earthly" material of which "the first man" was made, suggestive of frailty; (b) "the earth as a whole, the world," in contrast, whether to the heavens, e.g., Matt. 5:18,35, or to heaven, the abode of God, e.g., Matt. 6:19, where the context suggests the "earth" as a place characterized by mutability and weakness; in Col. 3:2 the same contrast is presented by the word "above;" in John 3:31 (RV, "of the earth," for AV, "earthly") it describes one whose origin and nature are "earthly" and whose speech is characterized thereby, in contrast with Christ as the One from heaven; in Col. 3:5 the physical members are said to be "upon the earth," as a sphere where, as potential instruments of moral evils, they are, by metonymy, spoken of as the evils themselves; (c) "the inhabited earth," e.g., Luke 21:35; Acts 1:8; 8:33; 10:12; 11:6; 17:26; 22:22; Heb. 11:13; Rev. 13:8. In the following the phrase "on the earth" signifies "among men," Luke 12:49; 18:8; John 17:4; (d) "a country, territory," e.g., Luke 4:25; John 3:22; (e) "the ground," e.g., Matt. 10:29; Mark 4:26, RV, "(upon the) earth," for AV, "(into the) ground;" (f) "land," e.g., Mark 4:1; John 21:8,9,11. Cp. Eng. words beginning with ge, e.g., "geodetic," "geodesy," "geology," "geometry," "geography." See COUNTRY, GROUND, LAND, WORLD.

<2,,3625,oikoumene>
the present participle, Passive Voice, of oikeo, "to dwell, inhabit," denotes the "inhabited earth." It is translated "world" in every place where it has this significance, save in Luke 21:26, AV, where it is translated "earth." See WORLD.

Note: For epigeios, translated "on earth" in Phil. 2:10, ostrakino, "of earth," 2 Tim. 2:20, and katachthonios, "under the earth," Phil. 2:10, see EARTHEN.

Earthen, Earthly, Earthy <1,,3749,ostrakinos>
signifies "made of earthenware or clay" (from ostrakon, "baked clay, potsherd, shell;" akin to osteon, "a bone"), 2 Tim. 2:20, "of earth;" 2 Cor. 4:7, "earthen."

<2,,1919,epigeios>
"on earth" (epi, "on," ge, "the earth"), is rendered "earthly" in John 3:12; 2 Cor. 5:1; Phil. 3:19; Jas. 3:15; in Phil. 2:10, "on earth," RV; "terrestrial" in 1 Cor. 15:40 (twice). See TERRESTRIAL.

<3,,5517,choikos>
denotes "earthy," made of earth, from chous, "soil, earth thrown down or heaped up," 1 Cor. 15:47-49.

<4,,2709,katachthonios>
"under the earth, subterranean" (kata, "down," chthon, "the ground," from a root signifying that which is deep), is used in Phil. 2:10.