<2,,5333,pharmakos>
an adjective signifying "devoted to magical arts," is used as a noun, "a sorcerer," especially one who uses drugs, potions, spells, enchantments, Rev. 21:8, in the best texts (some have pharmakeus), and Rev. 22:15.

Sorcery <A-1,Noun,5331,pharmakia[-eia]>
(Eng., "pharmacy," etc.) primarily signified "the use of medicine, drugs, spells;" then, "poisoning;" then, "sorcery," Gal. 5:20, RV, "sorcery" (AV, "witchcraft"), mentioned as one of "the works of the flesh." See also Rev. 9:21; 18:23. In the Sept., Ex. 7:11,22; 8:7,18; Isa. 47:9,12. In "sorcery," the use of drugs, whether simple or potent, was generally accompanied by incantations and appeals to occult powers, with the provision of various charms, amulets, etc., professedly designed to keep the applicant or patient from the attention and power of demons, but actually to impress the applicant with the mysterious resources and powers of the sorcerer.

<A-2,Noun,3095,magia[-eia]>
"the magic art," is used in the plural in Acts 8:11, "sorceries" (see SORCERER, No. 1).

<B-1,Verb,3096,mageuo>
akin to A, No. 2, "to practice magic," Acts 8:9, "used sorcery," is used as in A, No. 2, of Simon Magnus.

Sore (Noun, Adjective, Adverb), Sorer <A-1,Noun,1668,helkos>
"a sore" or "ulcer" (primarily a wound), occurs in Luke 16:21; Rev. 16:2,11.

<B-1,Verb,1669,helkoo>
"to wound, to ulcerate," is used in the Passive Voice, signifying "to suffer from sores," to be "full of sores," Luke 16:20 (perfect participle).

<C-1,Adjective,2425,hikanos>
used of things, occasionally denotes "much," translated "sore" in Acts 20:37, lit., "there was much weeping of all." See ABLE, C, No. 2.

<C-2,Adjective,5501,cheiron>
"worse" (used as a comparative degree of kakos, "evil"), occurs in Heb. 10:29, "sorer." See WORSE.

<D-1,Adverb,3029,lian>
"very, exceedingly," is translated "sore" in Mark 6:51 (of amazement). See EXCEED, B, No. 1.

<D-2,Adverb,4970,sphodra>
"very, very much," is translated "sore" in Matt. 17:6 (of fear). See GREATLY, Note (1).

Notes: (1) For the AV, "sore vexed" in Matt. 17:15, see GRIEVOUSLY, B, No. 2, Note (2). (2) In Luke 2:9 megas, "great," is used with phobos, "fear," as the object of the verb "to fear," "(they were) sore (afraid)," lit., "(they feared) a great (fear)." (3) In Mark 9:26, AV, polla, "much" (RV), the neuter plur. of polus, used as an adverb, is translated "sore." (4) In Matt. 21:15, aganakteo, "to be moved with indignation" (RV), is translated "they were sore displeased." (5) For the RV, "sore troubled," Matt. 26:37; Mark 14:33 (AV, "very heavy"), see TROUBLE, B, No. 12. (6) For AV, "were sore amazed" in Mark 14:33, see AMAZE, B, No. 4. (7) In Luke 9:39, RV, suntribo, "to break, bruise," is rendered "bruiseth sorely." See BREAK, A, No. 5. (8) In Mark 9:6, ekphobos is rendered "sore afraid."

Sorrow (Noun and Verb), Sorrowful <A-1,Noun,3077,lupe>
"grief, sorrow," is translated "sorrow" in Luke 22:45; John 16:6,20-22; Rom. 9:2, RV (AV, "heaviness"); 2 Cor. 2:1, RV; 2:3,7; 7:10 (twice); Phil. 2:27 (twice). See GRIEF.

<A-2,Noun,3601,odune>
"pain, consuming grief, distress," whether of body or mind, is used of the latter, Rom. 9:2, RV, "pain;" 1 Tim. 6:10.

<A-3,Noun,5604,odin>
"a birth-pang, travail, pain," "sorrows," Matt. 24:8; Mark 13:8; see PAIN, A, No. 2.

<A-4,Noun,3997,penthos>
"mourning," "sorrow," Rev. 18:7 (twice); 21:4; see MOURN.

<B-1,Verb,3076,lupeo>
akin to A, No. 1: see GRIEF, B, No. 1, SORRY, A (below).

<B-2,Verb,3600,odunao>
"to cause pain" (akin to A, No. 2), is used in the Middle Voice in Luke 2:48; Acts 20:38: see ANGUISH, B, No. 3.

<C-1,Adjective,4036,perilupos>
"very sad, deeply grieved" (peri, intensive), is used in Matt. 26:38; Mark 14:34, "exceeding sorrowful;" Mark 6:26; Luke 18:23 (ver. 24 in some mss.).

<C-2,Adjective,253,alupos>
denotes "free from grief" (a, negative, lupe, "grief"), comparative degree in Phil. 2:28, "less sorrowful," their joy would mean the removal of a burden from his heart.

Sorry <A-1,Verb,3076,lupeo>
is rendered "to be sorry" (Passive Voice) in Matt. 14:9, AV (RV, "grieved"); 17:23; 18:31; 2 Cor. 2:2 [1st part, Active Voice, "make sorry" (as in 2 Cor. 7:8, twice); 2nd part, Passive]; 2:4, RV, "made sorry;" 2 Cor. 9:9,11, RV, "ye were made sorry." See GRIEVE, B, No. 1.

<B-1,Adjective,4036,perilupos>
is translated "exceeding sorry" in Mark 6:26: see SORROWFUL, C, No. 1.

Sort <A-1,Adjective,3697,hopoios>
"of what sort," is so rendered in 1 Cor. 3:13. See MANNER, SUCH AS, WHAT.

<B-1,Noun,3313,meros>
"a part," is used with apo, "from," in Rom. 15:15 and rendered "(in some) sort," AV (RV, "... measure"). See BEHALF.

Note: See BASE, No. 3, GODLY, C, Notes (2) and (3).

Sought * For SOUGHT see SEEK

Soul <1,,5590,psuche>
denotes "the breath, the breath of life," then "the soul," in its various meanings. The NT uses "may be analyzed approximately as follows:

(a) the natural life of the body, Matt. 2:20; Luke 12:22; Acts 20:10; Rev. 8:9; 12:11; cp. Lev. 17:11; 2 Sam. 14:7; Esth. 8:11; (b) the immaterial, invisible part of man, Matt. 10:28; Acts 2:27; cp. 1 Kings 17:21; (c) the disembodied (or "unclothed" or "naked," 2 Cor. 5:3,4) man, Rev. 6:9; (d) the seat of personality, Luke 9:24, explained as == "own self," Luke 9:25; Heb. 6:19; 10:39; cp. Isa. 53:10 with 1 Tim. 2:6; (e) the seat of the sentient element in man, that by which he perceives, reflects, feels, desires, Matt. 11:29; Luke 1:46; 2:35; Acts 14:2,22; cp. Ps. 84:2; 139:14; Isa. 26:9; (f) the seat of will and purpose, Matt. 22:37; Acts 4:32; Eph. 6:6; Phil. 1:27; Heb. 12:3; cp. Num. 21:4; Deut. 11:13; (g) the seat of appetite, Rev. 18:14; cp. Ps. 107:9; Prov. 6:30; Isa. 5:14 ("desire"); 29:8; (h) persons, individuals, Acts 2:41,43; Rom. 2:9; Jas. 5:20; 1 Pet. 3:20; 2 Pet. 2:14; cp. Gen. 12:5; 14:21 ("persons"); Lev. 4:2 ('any one'); Ezek. 27:13; of dead bodies, Num. 6:6, lit., "dead soul;" and of animals, Lev. 24:18, lit., "soul for soul;" (i) the equivalent of the personal pronoun, used for emphasis and effect:, 1st person, John 10:24 ("us"); Heb. 10:38; cp. Gen. 12:13; Num. 23:10; Jud. 16:30; Ps. 120:2 ("me"); 2nd person, 2 Cor. 12:15; Heb. 13:17; Jas. 1:21; 1 Pet. 1:9; 2:25; cp. Lev. 17:11; 26:15; 1 Sam. 1:26; 3rd person, 1 Pet. 4:19; 2 Pet. 2:8; cp. Exod. 30:12; Job 32:2, Heb. "soul," Sept. "self;" (j) an animate creature, human or other, 1 Cor. 15:45; Rev. 16:3; cp. Gen. 1:24; 2:7,19; (k) "the inward man," the seat of the new life, Luke 21:19 (cp. Matt. 10:39); 1 Pet. 2:11; 3 John 1:2.

"With (j) compare a-psuchos, "soulless, inanimate," 1 Cor. 14:7.

"With (f) compare di-psuchos, "two-souled," Jas. 1:8; 4:8; oligo-psuchos, "feeble-souled," 1 Thess. 5:14; iso-psuchos, "like-souled," Phil. 2:20; sum-psuchos, "joint-souled" (with one accord"), Phil. 2:2.

"The language of Heb. 4:12 suggests the extreme difficulty of distinguishing between the soul and the spirit, alike in their nature and in their activities. Generally speaking the spirit is the higher, the soul the lower element. The spirit may be recognized as the life principle bestowed on man by God, the soul as the resulting life constituted in the individual, the body being the material organism animated by soul and spirit. ...

"Body and soul are the constituents of the man according to Matt. 6:25; 10:28; Luke 12:20; Acts 20:10; body and spirit according to Luke 8:55; 1 Cor. 5:3; 7:34; Jas. 2:26. In Matt. 26:38 the emotions are associated with the soul, in John 13:21 with the spirit; cp. also Ps. 42:11 with 1 Kings 21:5. In Ps. 35:9 the soul rejoices in God, in Luke 1:47 the spirit.

"Apparently, then, the relationships may be thus summed up 'Soma, body, and pneuma, spirit, may be separated, pneuma and psuche, soul, can only be distinguished' (Cremer)."* [* From notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 205-207.]

Sound (Adjective), be Sound <A-1,Adjective,5199,hugies>
"whole, healthy," is used metaphorically of "sound speech," Titus 2:8. See WHOLE.

<B-1,Verb,5198,hugiaino>
"to be healthy, sound in health" (Eng., "hygiene," etc.), translated "safe and sound" in Luke 15:27, is used metaphorically of doctrine, 1 Tim. 1:10; 2 Tim. 4:3; Titus 1:9; 2:1; of words, 1 Tim. 6:3, RV (AV, "wholesome," RV marg., "healthful"); 2 Tim. 1:13; "in the faith," Titus 1:13 (RV marg., "healthy"); "in faith," Titus 2:2 (RV marg., ditto).

Note: For "sound mind" in 2 Tim. 1:7, AV, see DISCIPLINE; in 1 Pet. 4:7 (AV, "sober"), see MIND, B, No. 5.

Sound (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,5456,phone>
most frequently "a voice," is translated "sound" in Matt. 24:31 (AV marg., "voice"); John 3:8, AV (RV, "voice"); so 1 Cor. 14:7 (1st part),8; Rev. 1:15; 18:22 (2nd part, RV, "voice"); AV and RV in Rev. 9:9 (twice); in Acts 2:6, RV, "(this) sound (was heard)," AV, "(this) was noised abroad."

<A-2,Noun,2279,echos>
"a noise, a sound of any sort" (Eng., "echo"), is translated "sound" in Acts 2:2; Heb. 12:19. See ROARING, B, RUMOR.

<A-3,Noun,5353,phthongos>
akin to phthengomai, "to utter a voice," occurs in Rom. 10:18; 1 Cor. 14:7. In the Sept., Ps. 19:4.

<B-1,Verb,2278,echeo>
akin to A, No. 2, occurs in 1 Cor. 13:1, "sounding (brass);" in some mss., Luke 21:25. See ROARING.

<B-2,Verb,1837,execheo>
"to sound forth as a trumpet" or "thunder" (ex, "out," and No. 1), is used in 1 Thess. 1:8, "sounded forth," Passive Voice, lit., "has been sounded out." In the Sept., Joel 3:14.

<B-3,Verb,4537,salpizo>
"to sound a trumpet" (salpinx), occurs in Matt. 6:2; 1 Cor. 15:52, "the trumpet shall sound;" Rev. 8:6-8,10,12,13; 9:1,13; 10:7; 11:15.

<B-4,Verb,1001,bolizo>
"to heave the lead" (bolis, "that which is thrown or hurled," akin to ballo, "to throw;" sounding-lead), to take soundings, occurs in Acts 27:28 (twice).

Note: In Luke 1:44, AV, ginomai, "to become," is rendered "sounded" (RV, "came").

Soundness <1,,3647,holokleria>
"completeness, soundness" (akin to holokleros, see ENTIRE), occurs in Acts 3:16. In the Sept., Isa. 1:6.

South, South wind <1,,3558,notos>
denotes (a) "the south wind," Luke 12:55; Acts 27:13; 28:13; (b) "south," as a direction, Luke 13:29; Rev. 21:13; (c) "the South," as a region, Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31.

Note: For mesembria, Acts 8:26, see NOON.

Southwest <1,,3047,lips>
lit., "Libyan," denotes "the S.W. wind," Acts 27:12, "(looking) northeast (and southeast)," RV, lit., "(looking down) the southwest wind (and down the northwest wind);" to look down a wind was to look in the direction in which it blows. A S.W. wind blows towards the N.E.; the aspect of the haven answers to this. See also under NORTHEAST, NORTHWEST.

Sow (Noun) <1,,5300,hus>
"swine" (masc. or fem.), is used in the fem. in 2 Pet. 2:22.

Sow (Verb), Sower <1,,4687,speiro>
"to sow seed," is used (1) literally, especially in the Synoptic Gospels; elsewhere, 1 Cor. 15:36,37; 2 Cor. 9:10, "the sower;" (2) metaphorically, (a) in proverbial sayings, e.g., Matt. 13:3,4; Luke 19:21,22; John 4:37; 2 Cor. 9:6 (b) in the interpretation of parables, e.g., Matt. 13:19-23 (in these vv., RV, "was sown," for AV, "received seed"); (c) otherwise as follows: of "sowing" spiritual things in preaching and teaching, 1 Cor. 9:11; of the interment of the bodies of deceased believers, 1 Cor. 15:42-44; of ministering to the necessities of others in things temporal (the harvest being proportionate to the "sowing"), 2 Cor. 9:6,10 (see above); of "sowing" to the flesh, Gal. 6:7,8 ("that" in ver. 7 is emphatic, "that and that only," what was actually "sown"); in ver. 8, eis, "unto," signifies "in the interests of;" of the "fruit of righteousness" by peacemakers, Jas. 3:18.

Space <A-1,Noun,1292,diastema>
"an interval, space" (akin to B), is used of time in Acts 5:7.

<B-1,Verb,1339,diistemi>
"to set apart, separate" (dia, "apart," histemi, "to cause to stand"), see A, is rendered "after the space of" in Luke 22:59; in Acts 27:28, with brachu, "a little," RV, "after a little space" (AV, "when they had gone a little further"). See PART.

Notes: (1) In Acts 15:33; Rev. 2:21, AV, chronos, "time" (RV), is translated "space." (2) In Acts 19:8,10, epi, "for or during" (of time), is translated "for the space of;" in Acts 19:34, "about the space of." (3) In Acts 5:34, AV, brachu (the neuter of brachus, "short"), used adverbially, is translated "a little space" (RV "... while"). (4) In Gal. 2:1, dia, "through," is rendered "after the space of," RV, stressing the length of the period mentioned (AV, "after," which would represent the preposition meta). (5) In Jas. 5:17 there is no word in the original representing the phrase "by the space of," AV (RV, "for"). (6) In Rev. 14:20, AV, apo, "away from," is translated "by the space of" (RV, "as far as"). (7) In Rev. 17:10, AV, oligon, "a little while" (RV), is rendered "a short space."

Spare, Sparingly <A-1,Verb,5339,pheidomai>
"to spare," i.e., "to forego" the infliction of that evil or retribution which was designed, is used with a negative in Acts 20:29; Rom. 8:32; 11:21 (twice); 2 Cor. 13:2; 2 Pet. 2:4,5; positively, in 1 Cor. 7:28; 2 Cor. 1:3; rendered "forbear" in 2 Cor. 12:6. See FORBEAR.

Note: In Luke 15:17, perisseuo, "to abound, have abundance," is translated "have enough and to spare."

<B-1,Adverb,5340,pheidomenos>
akin to A, "sparingly," occurs in 2 Cor. 9:6 (twice), of sowing and reaping.

Sparrow <1,,4765,strouthion>
a diminutive of strouthos, "a sparrow," occurs in Matt. 10:29,31; Luke 12:6,7.

Speak <1,,3004,lego>
"to say, speak:" see SAY, No. 1.

<2,,2980,laleo>
for which see SAY, No. 2, is used several times in 1 Cor. 14; the command prohibiting women from speaking in a church gathering, 1 Cor. 14:34,35, is regarded by some as an injunction against chattering, a meaning which is absent from the use of the verb everywhere else in the NT; it is to be understood in the same sense as in 1 Cor. 14:2,3-6,9,11,13,18,19,21,23,27-29,39.

<3,,4354,proslaleo>
"to speak to or with" (pros, "to," and No. 2), is used in Acts 13:43; 28:20.

<4,,5350,phthengomai>
"to utter a sound or voice," is translated "to speak" in Acts 4:18: 2 Pet. 2:16; in 2 Pet. 2:18, AV, "speak" (RV, "utter").

<5,,669,apophthengomai>
"to speak forth" (apo, "forth," and No. 4), is so rendered in Acts 2:14, RV (AV, "said"), and Acts 26:25; in Acts 2:2 it denotes to give utterance.

<6,,483,antilego>
"to speak against," is so rendered in Luke 2:34; John 19:12; Acts 13:45, AV (RV, "contradicted"); 28:19,22. See CONTRADICT, GAINSAY.

<7,,2635,katalaleo>
synonymous with No. 6 (kata, "against," and No. 2), is always translated "to speak against" in the RV. See BACKBITER, Note.

<8,,2551,kakologeo>
"to speak evil:" see CURSE, B, No. 4.

<9,,4814,sullaleo>
"to speak together" (sun, "with," and No. 2), is rendered "spake together" in Luke 4:36, RV. See COMMUNE, No. 3, CONFER, No. 2, TALK.

<10,,4302,proeipon>
"to speak or say before" (a 2nd aorist tense from an absolete present), is rendered "to speak before" in Acts 1:16; 2 Pet. 3:2; Jude 1:17. See FORETELL.

<11,,4399,prophthano>
"to anticipate" (an extension, by pro, "before," of phthano, which has the same meaning), is rendered "spake first" in Matt. 17:25, RV (AV, "prevented").

<12,,4377,prosphoneo>
"to address, call to," is rendered "spake unto" (or "to") in Luke 23:20; Acts 21:40; 22:2; "to call unto" (or "to") in Matt. 11:16; Luke 6:13; 7:32; 13:12.

<13,,3004,eiro>
for which see SAY, No. 4, has a 1st aorist, Passive participle rhethen, "spoken" or "spoken of," used in Matt. 1:22; 2:15,17,23; 3:3; 4:14; 8:17; 13:35; 21:4; 22:31; 24:15; 27:9 (in some texts in Matt. 27:35; Mark 13:14).

Notes: (1) In Heb. 12:5, AV, dialegomai, "to discuss, to reason," is translated "speaketh" (RV, "reasoneth"). (2) In Heb. 12:25, AV chrematizo, "to warn, instruct," is translated "spake" (RV, "warned"): see ADMONISH. (3) In Eph. 4:31, AV, blasphemia is translated "evil speaking:" see RAILING. (4) In Heb. 12:19, prostithemi, "to put to, add," used with logos, "a word," is rendered "(that no word) more should be spoken," RV [AV, "(that) the word should (not) be spoken (to them) any more"]. (5) In Acts 26:24, AV, apologeomai, "to make a defense" (RV), is rendered "spake for himself." See ANSWER, B, No. 4. (6) In Rom. 15:21, AV, anangello, "to bring back word" (RV, "tidings ... came"), is translated "he was ... spoken of." (7) For "is spoken of" in Rom. 1:8, AV, see PROCLAIM, No. 2. (8) For "spake out" in Luke 1:42, AV, see VOICE, Note. (9) In Gal. 4:15, there is no verb in the original for the AV, "ye spake of" (see RV). (10) For "spoken against" in Acts 19:36 see GAINSAY, C. (11) For "speak reproachfully," 1 Tim. 5:14, see REVILE, C. (12) In Acts 21:3, AV, ginosko is translated "speak," RV, "know."

Speaker (chief) * Note: In Acts 14:12 the verb hegeomai, "to lead the way, be the chief," is used in the present participle with the article (together equivalent to a noun), followed by the genitive case of logos, "speech," with the article, the phrase being rendered "the chief speaker," lit., "the leader of the discourse." See CHIEF, C.

Speaking (evil, much) <1,,4180,polulogia>
"loquacity," "much speaking" (polus, "much," logos, "speech"), is used in Matt. 6:7. In the Sept., Prov. 10:19.

Note: For "evil speaking(s)," in Eph. 4:31, see RAILING; in 1 Pet. 2:1, see BACKBITING. For "shameful speaking" see COMMUNICATION, B, Note.

Spear <1,,3057,lonche>
primarily "a spearhead," then, "a lance or spear," occurs in John 19:34; some texts have it in Matt. 27:49. As to John 19:29, there is an old conjecture, mentioned by Field (Notes on the Trans. of the NT), to the effect that the sponge was put on a spear (hussos, "a javelin," the Roman pilum, instead of hussopos, "hyssop").

Spearman <1,,1187,dexiolabos>
from dexios, "the right (hand)," and lambano, "to lay hold of," is used in the plural in Acts 23:23, "spearmen." Some texts have dexiobolos, "one who throws with his right hand" (ballo, "to throw"), "right-handed slingers."

Special * Note: Tuchon, the 2nd aorist participle of tunchano, "to happen, meet with, chance," is used with a negative signifying "not common or ordinary, special," Acts 19:11; so in Acts 28:2. See COMMON, B, Note (3).

Specially * For SPECIALLY see ESPECIALLY

Spectacle <1,,2302,theatron>
akin to theaomai, "to behold," denotes (a) "a theater" (used also as a place of assembly), Acts 19:29,31; (b) "a spectacle, a show," metaphorically in 1 Cor. 4:9. See THEATER.

Speech <1,,3056,logos>
akin to lego (SPEAK, No. 1), most frequently rendered "word" (for an analysis see WORD), signifies "speech," as follows: (a) "discourse," e.g., Luke 20:20, RV, "speech" (AV, "words"); Acts 14:12 (see SPEAKER); 20:7; 1 Cor. 2:1,4; 4:19, AV (RV, "word"); 2 Cor. 10:10; (b) "the faculty of speech," e.g., 2 Cor. 11:6; (c) "the manner of speech," e.g., Matt. 5:37, RV, "speech" (AV, "communication"); Col. 4:6; (d) "manner of instruction," Titus 2:8; 1 Cor. 14:9, RV (AV, "words"); Eph. 4:29, RV (AV, "communication"). See SAYING.

<2,,2981,lalia>
akin to laleo (SPEAK, No. 2), denotes "talk, speech," (a) of "a dialect," Matt. 26:73; Mark 14:70; (b) "utterances," John 4:42, RV, "speaking" (AV, "saying"); John 8:43.

<3,,2129,eulogia>
has the meaning "fair speaking, flattering speech" in Rom. 16:18, RV, "fair speech" (AV, "fair speeches"). See BLESSING, C, No. 1.

<4,,5542,chrestologia>
which has a similar meaning to No. 3, occurs with it in Rom. 16:18 [RV, "smooth ... (speech)"]. See SMOOTH, Note.

Notes: (1) For "persuasiveness of speech," Col. 2:4, RV, see PERSUASIVE, B. (2) In Acts 14:11 "the speech of Lycaonia" translates the adverb Lukaonisti. Lycaonia was a large country in the center and south of the plateau of Asia Minor; the villages retained the native language, but cities like Lystra probably had a Seleucid tone in their laws and customs (Ramsay on Galatians).

Speechless <1,,1769,eneos>
"dumb, speechless," occurs in Acts 9:7. In the Sept., Prov. 17:28; Isa. 56:10.

<2,,2974,kophos>
which means either "deaf" or "dumb" (see DEAF), is translated "speechless" in Luke 1:22.

Note: For phimoo, translated "he was speechless" in Matt. 22:12, see MUZZLE, SILENCE.

Speed, Speedily * Notes: (1) In Acts 17:15 "with all speed" is the rendering of the phrase hos, "as," tachista, "most speedily" (the superlative of tachu, "speedily"), i.e., "as speedily as possible." (2) For "speedily," en tachei, in Luke 18:8, see QUICKLY, No. 4. (3) For "God speed" see GREETING, A, No. 2.

Spend, Spent <1,,1159,dapanao>
denotes (a) "to expend, spend," Mark 5:26 [for Acts 21:24 see CHARGE, Note (5)]: 2 Cor. 12:15 (1st part: for "be spent," see No. 2); (b) "to consume, squander," Luke 15:14; Jas. 4:3. See CONSUME, Note.

<2,,1550,ekdapanao>
lit., "to spend out" (ek), an intensive form of No. 1, "to spend entirely," is used in 2 Cor. 12:15, in the Passive Voice, with reflexive significance, "to spend oneself out (for others)," "will ... be spent," RV marg., "spent out" (see No. 1).

<3,,4325,prosdapanao>
"to spend besides" (pros, and No. 1), is used in Luke 10:35, "thou spendest more."

<4,,4321,prosanalisko>
"to spend besides," a strengthened form of analisko, "to expend, consume" (see CONSUME, No. 1), occurs in most texts in Luke 8:43.

<5,,1230,diaginomai>
used of time, "to intervene, elapse," is rendered "was spent" in Acts 27:9. See PAST.

<6,,4298,prokopto>
"to cut forward a way, advance," is translated "is far spent," in Rom. 13:12, said metaphorically of "the night," the whole period of man's alienation from God. Though the tense is the aorist, it must not be rendered "was far spent," as if it referred, e.g., to Christ's first Advent. The aorist is here perfective. See ADVANCE.

<7,,2827,klino>
"to lean, decline," is said of the decline of day in Luke 24:29, "is (now) far spent," lit., "has declined." See BOW (Verb).

<8,,1096,ginomai>
"to become, occur," is rendered "was far spent" in Mark 6:35, lit., "much hour (i.e., many an hour) having taken place."

<9,,4160,poieo>
"to do," is translated "have spent (but one hour)," in Matt. 20:12, RV (AV, "have wrought") lit., as in the Eng. idiom, "have done one hour;" so in Acts 20:3, RV, "when he had spent (lit., 'had done') three months" (AV, "abode").

<10,,2119,eukaireo>
"to have leisure or devote one's leisure to," is translated "spent their time," in Acts 17:21. See LEISURE.

<11,,5551,chronotribeo>
"to spend time" (chronos, "time," tribo, "to rub, to wear out"), occurs in Acts 20:16.

Note: Polus, much, is rendered "far spent" twice in Mark 6:35, RV.

Spew (AV, Spue) <1,,1692,emeo>
"to vomit" (cp. Eng., "emetic"), is used in Rev. 3:16, figuratively of the Lord's utter abhorrence of the condition of the church at Laodicea. In the Sept., Isa. 19:14.

Spice(s) <1,,759,aroma>
"spice," occurs in Mark 16:1, RV "spices" (AV, "sweet spice"); Luke 23:56; 24:1; John 19:40. A papyrus document has it in a list of articles for a sacrifice.

<2,,298,amomon>
amomum, probably a word of Semitic origin, a fragrant plant of India, is translated "spice" in Rev. 18:13, RV (AV, "odors").

Spikenard <1,,3487,nardos>
is derived, through the Semitic languages (Heb. nerd, Syriac nardin), from the Sanskrit nalada, "a fragrant oil," procured from the stem of an Indian plant. The Arabs call it the "Indian spike." The adjective pistikos is attached to it in the NT, Mark 14:3; John 12:3; pistikos, if taken as an ordinary Greek word, would signify "genuine." There is evidence, however, that it was regarded as a technical term. It has been suggested that the original reading was pistakes, i.e., the Pistacia Terebinthus, which grows in Cyprus, Syria, Palestine, etc., and yields a resin of very fragrant odor, and in such inconsiderable quantities as to be very costly. "Nard was frequently mixed with aromatic ingredients ... so when scented with the fragrant resin of the pistake it would quite well be called nardos pistakes" (E. N. Bennett, in the Classical Review for 1890, Vol. iv, p. 319). The oil used for the anointing of the Lord's head was worth about f12, and must have been of the most valuable kind. In the Sept., Song of Sol. 1:12; 4:13,14.

Spill <1,,1632,ekchunno>
"to pour out, shed," is rendered "be spilled" in Luke 5:37. See POUR, SHED.

Note: Some texts have ekcheo in Mark 2:22 (so AV). The form in Luke 5:37 might also come from ekcheo.

Spin <1,,3514,netho>
"to spin," is found in Matt. 6:28; Luke 12:27, of the lilies of the field (see LILY).

Spirit <1,,4151,pneuma>
primarily denotes "the wind" (akin to pneo, "to breathe, blow"); also "breath;" then, especially "the spirit," which, like the wind, is invisible, immaterial and powerful. The NT uses of the word may be analyzed approximately as follows:

"(a) the wind, John 3:8 (where marg. is, perhaps, to be preferred); Heb. 1:7; cp. Amos 4:13, Sept.; (b) the breath, 2 Thess. 2:8; Rev. 11:11; 13:15; cp. Job 12:10, Sept.; (c) the immaterial, invisible part of man, Luke 8:55; Acts 7:59; 1 Cor. 5:5; Jas. 2:26; cp. Eccl. 12:7, Sept.; (d) the disembodied (or 'unclothed,' or 'naked,' 2 Cor. 5:3,4) man, Luke 24:37,39; Heb. 12:23; 1 Pet. 4:6; (e) the resurrection body, 1 Cor. 15:45; 1 Tim. 3:16; 1 Pet. 3:18; (f) the sentient element in man, that by which he perceives, reflects, feels, desires, Matt. 5:3; 26:41; Mark 2:8; Luke 1:47,80; Acts 17:16; 20:22; 1 Cor. 2:11; 5:3,4; 14:4,15; 2 Cor. 7:1; cp. Gen. 26:35; Isa. 26:9; Ezek. 13:3; Dan. 7:15; (g) purpose, aim, 2 Cor. 12:18; Phil. 1:27; Eph. 4:23; Rev. 19:10; cp. Ezra 1:5; Ps. 78:8; Dan. 5:12; (h) the equivalent of the personal pronoun, used for emphasis and effect: 1st person, 1 Cor. 16:18; cp. Gen. 6:3; 2nd person, 2 Tim. 4:22; Philem. 1:25; cp. Ps. 139:7; 3rd person, 2 Cor. 7:13; cp. Isa. 40:13; (i) character, Luke 1:17; Rom. 1:4; cp. Num. 14:24; (j) moral qualities and activities: bad, as of bondage, as of a slave, Rom. 8:15; cp. Isa. 61:3; stupor, Rom. 11:8; cp. Isa. 29:10; timidity, 2 Tim. 1:7; cp. Josh. 5:1; good, as of adoption, i.e., liberty as of a son, Rom. 8:15; cp. Ps. 51:12; meekness, 1 Cor. 4:21; cp. Prov. 16:19; faith, 2 Cor. 4:13; quietness, 1 Pet. 3:4; cp. Prov. 14:29 (k) the Holy Spirit, e.g., Matt. 4:1 (see below); Luke 4:18; (l) 'the inward man' (an expression used only of the believer, Rom. 7:22; 2 Cor. 4:16; Eph. 3:16); the new life, Rom. 8:4-6,10,16; Heb. 12:9; cp. Ps. 51:10; (m) unclean spirits, demons, Matt. 8:16; Luke 4:33; 1 Pet. 3:19; cp. 1 Sam. 18:10; (n) angels, Heb. 1:14; cp. Acts 12:15; (o) divine gift for service, 1 Cor. 14:12,32; (p) by metonymy, those who claim to be depostories of these gifts, 2 Thess. 2:2; 1 John 4:1-3; (q) the significance, as contrasted with the form, of words, or of a rite, John 6:63; Rom. 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor. 3:6; (r) a vision, Rev. 1:10; 4:2; 17:3; 21:10." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp 204,205.]

Notes: (1) For phantasma, rendered "spirit," Matt. 14:26; Mark 6:49, AV, see APPARITION. (2) For the distinction between "spirit" and "soul," see under SOUL, last three paragraphs.

* The Holy Spirit

The "Holy Spirit" is spoken of under various titles in the NT ("Spirit" and "Ghost" are renderings of the same word, pneuma; the advantage of the rendering "Spirit" is that it can always be used, whereas "Ghost" always requires the word "Holy" prefixed.) In the following list the omission of the definite article marks its omission in the original (concerning this see below): "Spirit, Matt. 22:43; Eternal Spirit, Heb. 9:14; the Spirit, Matt. 4:1; Holy Spirit, Matt. 1:18; the Holy Spirit, Matt. 28:19; the Spirit, the Holy, Matt. 12:32; the Spirit of promise, the Holy, Eph. 1:13; Spirit of God, Rom. 8:9; Spirit of (the) living God, 2 Cor. 3:3; the Spirit of God, 1 Cor. 2:11; the Spirit of our God, 1 Cor. 6:11; the Spirit of God, the Holy, Eph. 4:30; the Spirit of glory and of God, 1 Pet. 4:14; the Spirit of Him that raised up Jesus from the dead (i.e., God), Rom. 8:11; the Spirit of your Father, Matt. 10:20; the Spirit of His Son, Gal. 4:6; Spirit of (the) Lord, Acts 8:39; the Spirit of (the) Lord, Acts 5:9; (the) Lord, (the) Spirit, 2 Cor. 3:18; the Spirit of Jesus, Acts 16:7; Spirit of Christ, Rom. 8:9; the Spirit of Jesus Christ, Phil. 1:19; Spirit of adoption, Rom. 8:15; the Spirit of truth, John 14:17; the Spirit of life, Rom. 8:2; the Spirit of grace, Heb. 10:29." * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, p. 193.]

The use or absence of the article in the original where the "Holy Spirit" is spoken of cannot always be decided by grammatical rules, nor can the presence or absence of the article alone determine whether the reference is to the "Holy Spirit." Examples where the Person is meant when the article is absent are Matt. 22:43 (the article is used in Mark 12:36); Acts 4:25, RV (absent in some texts); 19:2,6; Rom. 14:17; 1 Cor. 2:4; Gal. 5:25 (twice); 1 Pet. 1:2. Sometimes the absence is to be accounted for by the fact that Pneuma (like Theos) is substantially a proper name, e.g., in John 7:39. As a general rule the article is present where the subject of the teaching is the Personality of the Holy Spirit, e.g., John 14:26, where He is spoken of in distinction from the Father and the Son. See also 15:26 and cp. Luke 3:22.

In Gal. 3:3, in the phrase "having begun in the Spirit," it is difficult to say whether the reference is to the "Holy Spirit" or to the quickened spirit of the believer; that it possibly refers to the latter is not to be determined by the absence of the article, but by the contrast with "the flesh;" on the other hand, the contrast may be between the "Holy Spirit" who in the believer sets His seal on the perfect work of Christ, and the flesh which seeks to better itself by works of its own. There is no preposition before either noun, and if the reference is to the quickened spirit it cannot be dissociated from the operation of the "Holy Spirit." In Gal. 4:29 the phrase "after the Spirit" signifies "by supernatural power," in contrast to "after the flesh," i.e., "by natural power," and the reference must be to the "Holy Spirit;" so in Gal. 5:17.

The full title with the article before both pneuma and hagios (the "resumptive" use of the article), lit., "the Spirit the Holy," stresses the character of the Person, e.g., Matt. 12:32; Mark 3:29; 12:36; 13:11; Luke 2:26; 10:21 (RV); John 14:26; Acts 1:16; 5:3; 7:51; 10:44,47; 13:2; 15:28; 19:6; 20:23,28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph. 4:30; Heb. 3:7; 9:8; 10:15.

The Personality of the Spirit is emphasized at the expense of strict grammatical procedure in John 14:26; 15:26; 16:8,13,14, where the emphatic pronoun ekeinos, "He," is used of Him in the masculine, whereas the noun pneuma is neuter in Greek, while the corresponding word in Aramaic, the language in which our Lord probably spoke, is feminine (rucha, cp. Heb. ruach). The rendering "itself" in Rom. 8:16,26, due to the Greek gender, is corrected to "Himself" in the RV.

The subject of the "Holy Spirit" in the NT may be considered as to His Divine attributes; His distinct Personality in the Godhead; His operation in connection with the Lord Jesus in His birth, His life, His baptism, His death; His operations in the world; in the church; His having been sent at Pentecost by the Father and by Christ; His operations in the individual believer; in local churches; His operations in the production of Holy Scripture; His work in the world, etc.

Spiritual <A-1,Adjective,4152,pneumatikos>
"always connotes the ideas of invisibility and of power. It does not occur in the Sept. nor in the Gospels; it is in fact an after-Pentecost word. In the NT it is used as follows: (a) the angelic hosts, lower than God but higher in the scale of being than man in his natural state, are 'spiritual hosts,' Eph. 6:12; (b) things that have their origin with God, and which, therefore, are in harmony with His character, as His law is, are 'spiritual,' Rom. 7:14; (c) 'spiritual' is prefixed to the material type in order to indicate that what the type sets forth, not the type itself, is intended, 1 Cor. 10:3,4; (d) the purposes of God revealed in the gospel by the Holy Spirit, 1 Cor. 2:13, and the words in which that revelation is expressed, are 'spiritual,' 1 Cor. 2:13, matching, or combining, spiritual things with spiritual words [or, alternatively, 'interpreting spiritual things to spiritual men,' see (e) below]; 'spiritual songs' are songs of which the burden is the things revealed by the Spirit, Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16; 'spiritual wisdom and understanding' is wisdom in, and understanding of, those things, Col. 1:9; (e) men in Christ who walk so as to please God are 'spiritual,' Gal. 6:1; 1 Cor. 2:13 [but see (d) above],15; 3:1; 14:37; (f) the whole company of those who believe in Christ is a 'spiritual house,' 1 Pet. 2:5; (g) the blessings that accrue to regenerate men at this present time are called 'spiritualities,' Rom. 15:27; 1 Cor. 9:11; 'spiritual blessings,' Eph. 1:3; 'spiritual gifts,' Rom. 1:11; (h) the activities Godward of regenerate men are 'spiritual sacrifices,' 1 Pet. 2:5; their appointed activities in the churches are also called 'spiritual gifts,' lit., 'spiritualities,' 1 Cor. 12:1; 14:1; (i) the resurrection body of the dead in Christ is 'spiritual,' i.e., such as is suited to the heavenly environment, 1 Cor. 15:44; (j) all that is produced and maintained among men by the operations of the Spirit of God is 'spiritual,' 1 Cor. 15:46. ...

"The spiritual man is one who walks by the Spirit both in the sense of Gal. 5:16 and in that of Gal. 5:25, and who himself manifests the fruit of the Spirit in his own ways. ...

"According to the Scriptures, the 'spiritual' state of soul is normal for the believer, but to this state all believers do not attain, nor when it is attained is it always maintained. Thus the Apostle, in 1 Cor. 3:1-3, suggests a contrast between this spiritual state and that of the babe in Christ, i.e., of the man who because of immaturity and inexperience has not yet reached spirituality, and that of the man who by permitting jealousy, and the strife to which jealousy always leads, has lost it. The spiritual state is reached by diligence in the Word of God and in prayer; it is maintained by obedience and self-judgment. Such as are led by the Spirit are spiritual, but, of course, spirituality is not a fixed or absolute condition, it admits of growth; indeed growth in 'the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ,' 2 Pet. 3:18, is evidence of true spirituality." * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 308-319.]

<B-1,Adverb,4153,pneumatikos>
"spiritually," occurs in 1 Cor. 2:14, with the meaning as (j) above, and Rev. 11:8, with the meaning as in (c). Some mss. have it in 1 Cor. 2:13.

Notes: (1) In Rom. 8:6, the RV rightly renders the noun pneuma "(the mind) of the spirit," AV, "spiritual (mind)." (2) In 1 Cor. 14:12 the plural of pneuma, "spirits," RV, marg., stands for "spiritual gifts" (text). (3) In 1 Pet. 2:2, the RV renders logikos "spiritual."

Spit <1,,4429,ptuo>
"to spit," occurs in Mark 7:33; 8:23; John 9:6. In the Sept., Num. 12:14.

<2,,1716,emptuo>
"to spit upon" (en, "in," and No. 1), occurs in Matt. 26:67; 27:30; Mark 10:34; 14:65; 15:19; Luke 18:32. In the Sept., Num. 12:14, in some texts; Deut. 25:9.

Spitefully (entreat) <1,,5195,hubrizo>
used transitively, denotes "to outrage, treat insolently;" "to entreat shamefully" in Matt. 22:6, RV (AV, "spitefully"); so in Luke 18:32, RV; in Acts 14:5 (AV, "use despitefully"); in 1 Thess. 2:2, AV and RV; in Luke 11:45, "reproachest." See DESPITEFULLY, ENTREAT, REPROACH, SHAMEFULLY.

Spittle <1,,4427,ptusma>
akin to ptuo, "to spit," occurs in John 9:6.

Spoil (Noun and Verb), Spoiling <A-1,Noun,4661,skulon>
used in the plural, denotes "arms stripped from a foe;" "spoils" in Luke 11:22.

<A-2,Noun,205,akrothinion>
primarily "the top of a heap" (akros, "highest, top," and this, "a heap"), hence "firstfruit offerings," and in war "the choicest spoils," Heb. 7:4.

<A-3,Noun,724,harpage>
"pillage," is rendered "spoiling" in Heb. 10:34. See EXTORT, B, No. 1.

<B-1,Verb,1283,diarpazo>
"to plunder," is found in Matt. 12:29, 2nd part (the 1st has harpazo, in the best texts), lit., "(then) he will completely (dia, intensive) spoil (his house);" Mark 3:27 (twice).

<B-2,Verb,726,harpazo>
"to seize, snatch away," is rendered "spoil" in Matt. 12:29 (see No. 1). See CATCH, No. 1.

<B-3,Verb,4812,sulagogeo>
"to carry off as spoil, lead captive" (sule, "spoil," ago, "to lead"), is rendered "maketh spoil of" in Col. 2:8, RV (AV, "spoil"), rather "carry you off as spoil." The false teacher, through his "philosophy and vain deceit," would carry them off as so much booty.

<B-4,Verb,554,apekduo>
in the Middle Voice is translated "having spoiled" in Col. 2:15, AV, RV, "having put off from Himself (the principalities and the powers)." These are regarded by some as the unsinning angels, because they are mentioned twice before in the Epistle (Col. 1:6; 2:10). It is also argued that the verb apekduo, rendered "having put off from Himself," in Col. 2:15, is used in a somewhat different sense in Col. 3:9. Such representations do not form a sufficiently cogent reason for regarding the principalities and the powers here mentioned as those of light, rather than those of darkness.

Others think that the reference is to the holy angels, which were in attendance at the giving of the Law (Acts 7:53; Gal. 3:19), and that Christ wrought His work on the cross, without any such attendance; or, again, that, even apart from the Law and its circumstances, the Lord stripped Himself of those who usually ministered to Him, as, e.g., in the wilderness and in the garden of Gethsemane.

The exposition given by Lightfoot and others seems to be the right one. There is no doubt that Satan and his hosts gathered together to attack the soul of Christ, while He was enduring, in propitiatory sacrifice, the judgment due to our sins, and fulfilling the great work of redemption. There is an intimation of this in Ps. 22:21, "Save Me from the lion's mouth; yea, from the horns of the wild-oxen" (cp. Ps. 22:12,13). Doubtless the powers of darkness gathered against the Lord at that time, fiercely assaulting Him to the utmost of their power. He Himself had said, "This is your hour, and the power of darkness" (Luke 22:53). The metaphor of putting off from Himself these powers need not be pressed to the extent of regarding them as a garment clinging about Him. It seems to stand simply as a vivid description of His repulsion of their attack and of the power by which He completely overthrew them.

Sponge <1,,4699,spongos>
was the medium by which vinegar was carried to the mouth of Christ on the Cross, Matt. 27:48; Mark 15:36; John 19:29.

Sporting <1,,1792,entruphao>
occurs in 2 Pet. 2:13 (RV, "revel").

Spot (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,4696,spilos>
"a spot or stain," is used metaphorically (a) of moral blemish, Eph. 5:27; (b) of lascivious and riotous persons, 2 Pet. 2:13.

<A-2,Noun,4696,spilas>
is rendered "spots" in Jude 1:12, AV: see ROCK, No. 2.

<B-1,Verb,4695,spiloo>
akin to A, No. 1, is used in Jude 1:23, in the clause "hating even the garment spotted by the flesh," the garment representing that which, being brought into contact with the polluting element of the flesh, becomes defiled: see CLOTHING, No. 3 (last par.). See DEFILE, No. 4.

<C-1,Adjective,784,aspilos>
"unspotted, unstained" (a, negative, and A), is used of a lamb, 1 Pet. 1:19; metaphorically, of keeping a commandment without alteration and in the fulfillment of it, 1 Tim. 6:14; of the believer in regard to the world, Jas. 1:27, and free from all defilement in the sight of God, 2 Pet. 3:14.

Note: For amomos, in Heb. 9:14, AV, see BLEMISH, B.

Spread <1,,4766,stronnuo>
"to spread," is so rendered in Matt. 21:8, RV, twice; Mark 11:8, RV, once. See FURNISH.

<2,,5291,hupostronnuo>
"to spread under" (hupo), of clothes, is used in Luke 19:36.

<3,,1268,dianemo>
"to distribute," is used in the Passive Voice in Acts 4:17, "spread," lit., "be spread about" (dia). In the Sept., Deut. 29:26, "to assign" or "divide" (concerning the worship of other gods).

<4,,1308,diaphero>
"to carry about, spread abroad:" see PUBLISH, No. 2; for other meanings of the word see BETTER (be), No. 1.

<5,,1600,ekpetannumi>
"to spread out" (as a sail), is rendered "did I spread out" in Rom. 10:21, RV (AV, "I have stretched forth").

Notes: (1) In Mark 1:28; 1 Thess. 1:8, AV, exerchomai, "to go out or forth" (RV), is rendered "to spread abroad." (2) In Mark 6:14, AV, ginomai, "to become," with phaneros, "manifest," is translated "had spread abroad" (RV, "had become known"). (3) In 2 Cor. 8:18, the RV "is spread" (AV, "is") represents nothing in the original. (4) For RV, "spread His tabernacle over," Rev. 7:15, see DWELL, No. 9. (5) For Mark 1:45, see BLAZE ABROAD.

Spring (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Verb,1096,ginomai>
"to become," is used in the best texts in Heb. 11:12, "sprang" (some have gennao, in the Passive Voice, rendered in the same way).

<A-2,Verb,393,anatello>
"to arise," is rendered by the verb "to spring," or "spring up," in Matt. 4:16; Heb. 7:14. See ARISE, No. 9.

<A-3,Verb,1816,exanatello>
ek or ex, "out," and No. 2, is used of the "springing" up of seeds, Matt. 13:5; Mark 4:5 (No. 7 in ver. 8).

<A-4,Verb,5453,phuo>
used transitively, "to bring forth, produce," denotes, in the Passive Voice, "to spring up, grow," of seed, Luke 8:6,8, AV, "was sprung up" and "sprang up" (RV, "grew"); in the Active Voice, intransitively, in Heb. 12:15, of a root of bitterness. See GROW.

<A-5,Verb,4855,sumphuo>
"to cause to grow together" (sun, "with," and No. 4), occurs in Luke 8:7, RV, "grew with," AV, "sprang up with."

<A-6,Verb,985,blastano>
"to sprout," is rendered "to spring up" in Matt. 13:26, of tare blades, and Mark 4:27, of seed. See BRING, A, No. 26, BUD.

<A-7,Verb,305,anabaino>
"to go up," is rendered "sprang up" in Matt. 13:7, AV, of thorns, and Mark 4:8, of seed (RV, "grew up"). See GROW, No. 4.

<A-8,Verb,242,hallomai>
"to leap, spring," is rendered "springing up," of well water, in John 4:14, figurative of the Holy Spirit in the believer. See LEAP.

<A-9,Verb,1530,eispedao>
"to spring" or "leap in," occurs in Acts 16:29, "sprang in." In the Sept., Amos 5:19.

<A-10,Verb,1600,ekpedao>
"to spring forth," occurs in Acts 14:14, in the best texts. See RUN, Note (4).

<B-1,Noun,4077,pege>
is rendered "springs" in 2 Pet. 2:17, RV: see FOUNTAIN.

Note: For epiginomai, Acts 28:13, see BLOW (verb).

Sprinkle, Sprinkling <A-1,Verb,4472,rhantizo>
"to sprinkle" (a later form of rhaino), is used in the Active Voice in Heb. 9:13, of "sprinkling" with blood the unclean, a token of the efficacy of the expiatory sacrifice of Christ, His blood signifying the giving up of His life in the shedding of His blood (cp. Heb. 9:22) under Divine judgment upon sin (the voluntary act to be distinguished from that which took place after His death in the piercing of His side); so again in Heb. 9:19,21 (see B); in Heb. 10:22, Passive Voice, of the purging (on the ground of the same efficacy) of the hearts of believers from an evil conscience. This application of the blood of Christ is necessary for believers, in respect of their committal of sins, which on that ground receive forgiveness, 1 John 1:9. In Mark 7:4, the verb is found in the Middle Voice "in some ancient authorities" (RV marg.) instead of baptizo. In Rev. 19:13, the RV, "sprinkled" follows those texts which have rhantizo (marg., "some anc. auth. read 'dipped in.'" bapto; so Nestle's text). This requires mention as a variant text in Rev. 19:13 under DIP.

<B-1,Noun,4473,rhantismos>
"sprinkling," akin to A, is used of the "sprinkling" of the blood of Christ, in Heb. 12:24; 1 Pet. 1:2, an allusion to the use of the blood of sacrifices, appointed for Israel, typical of the sacrifice of Christ (see under A).

<B-2,Noun,4378,proschusis>
"a pouring or sprinkling upon," occurs in Heb. 11:28, of the "sprinkling" of the blood of the Passover lamb.

Spue * For SPUE see SPEW

Spy (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,1455,enkathetos>
an adjective denoting "suborned to lie in wait" (en, "in," kathiemi, "to send down"), is used as a noun in Luke 20:20, "spies." In the Sept., Job. 19:12; 31:9.

<A-2,Noun,2685,kataskopos>
denotes "a spy" (kata, "down," signifying "closely," and skopeo, "to view"), Heb. 11:31.

<B-1,Verb,2684,kataskopeo>
"to view closely" (akin to A, No. 2), "spy out, search out" with a view to overthrowing, is used in Gal. 2:4. In the Sept., 2 Sam. 10:3; 1 Chron. 19:3.

Stablish * For STABLISH see ESTABLISH