Shoot forth <1,,4261,proballo>
lit., "to throw before," is used of "the putting forth of leaves, blossom, fruit," said of trees in general, Luke 21:30, "shoot forth." See PUT (forward), Acts 19:33.

Note: In Mark 4:32, AV, poieo, "to do, make," is rendered "shooteth out," RV, "putteth out."

Shore * For SHORE see BEACH and LIP

Short (Adjective and Adverb) * For SHORT (Adjective and Adverb) see LITTLE, A, No. 2 and B, No. 2.

Note: In 1 Thess. 2:17, "a short season," is lit., "a season of an hour" (hora); see HOUR, SEASON, No. 1.

Short (come, cut), Shorten <1,,2856,koloboo>
denotes "to cut off, amputate" (kolobos, "docked"); hence, "to curtail, shorten," said of the "shortening" by God of the time of the great tribulation, Matt. 24:22 (twice); Mark 13:20 (twice). In the Sept., 2 Sam. 4:12.

<2,,4958,sustello>
denotes (a) "to draw together" (sun, "together," stello, "to bring, gather"), "to contract, shorten," 1 Cor. 7:29, RV, "(the time) is shortened" (AV, "... is short"); the coming of the Lord is always to be regarded as nigh for the believer, who is to be in constant expectation of His return, and thus is to keep himself from being the slave of earthly conditions and life's relationships; (b) "to wrap up," of enshrouding a body for burial, Acts 5:6, RV, "they wrapped (AV, wound) ... up."

<3,,4933,suntemno>
primarily, "to cut in pieces" (sun, "together," temno, "to cut"), then, "to cut down, cut short," is used metaphorically in Rom. 9:28 (twice in some texts), "the Lord will execute His word (logos, not "work," as AV) upon the earth, finishing it and cutting it short," i.e., in the fulfillment of His judgments pronounced upon Israel, a remnant only being saved; the "cutting short" of His word is suggestive of the summary and decisive character of the Divine act.

Note: For hustereo, "to come short, fall short," see FALL, No. 10.

Shortly <1,,2112,eutheos>
"straightway, directly," is translated "shortly" in 3 John 1:14. The general use of the word suggests something sooner than "shortly." See FORTHWITH, STRAIGHTWAY.

<2,,5030,tacheos>
see QUICKLY, No. 3.

<3,,5032,tacheion>
see QUICKLY, No. 2.

<4,,1722 5034,en tachei> see QUICKLY, No. 4.

Note: In 2 Pet. 1:14, AV, tachinos, an adjective denoting "swift" (akin to the above), is translated "shortly" (RV, "swiftly"), lit., "the putting off of my tabernacle is swift" (i.e., in its approach). Cp. 2:1.

Should * Note: This is frequently part of the translation of the tense of a verb. Otherwise it translates the following:

<1,,3195,mello>
"to be about to" (for the significance of which see SHALL), e.g., Mark 10:32, RV, "were to;" Luke 19:11, RV, "was to;" "should" in Luke 22:23; 24:21; John 6:71; 7:39, RV, "were to;" John 11:51; 12:4,33; 18:32; Acts 11:28; 23:27, RV, "was about (to be slain);" 1 Thess. 3:4, RV, "are to;" Rev. 6:11. See ABOUT, B.

<2,,1163,dei>
"it needs, it should," e.g., Matt. 18:33; Acts 27:21: see MUST.

Note: In 1 Cor. 9:10, AV, opheilo, "to owe," is rendered "should" (RV, "ought to").

Shoulder <1,,5606,omos>
occurs in Matt. 23:4; Luke 15:5, and is suggestive (as in the latter passage) of strength and safety.

Shout (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,2752,keleusma>
"a call, summons, shout of command" (akin to keleuo, "to command"), is used in 1 Thess. 4:16 of the "shout" with which (en, "in," denoting the attendant circumstances) the Lord will descend from heaven at the time of the rapture of the saints (those who have fallen asleep, and the living) to meet Him in the air. The "shout" is not here said to be His actual voice, though this indeed will be so (John 5:28). In the Sept., Prov. 30:27, "(the locusts ... at the) word of command (march in rank)."

<B-1,Verb,2019,epiphoneo>
"to call out" (epi, "upon," phoneo, "to utter a sound"), is translated "shouted" in Acts 12:22, RV (AV, "gave a shout"). See CRY, B, No. 8.

Show (make a) <1,,1165,deigmatizo>
"to make a show of, expose," is used in Col. 2:15 of Christ's act regarding the principalities and powers, displaying them "as a victor displays his captives or trophies in a triumphal procession" (Lightfoot). Some regard the meaning as being that He showed the angelic beings in their true inferiority (see under TRIUMPH). For its other occurrence, Matt. 1:19, see EXAMPLE, B, No. 1.

<2,,2146,euprosopeo>
denotes "to look well, make a fair show" (eu, "well," prosopon, "a face"), and is used in Gal. 6:12, "to make a fair show (in the flesh)," i.e., "to make a display of religious zeal." Deissmann illustrates the metaphorical use of this word from the papyri in Light from the Ancient East, p. 96.

Note: For parateresis, AV marg. in Luke 17:20, "outward show," see OBSERVATION.

Show (Verb) * For SHOW (Verb) see SHEW

Show (Noun) <1,,3056,logos>
"a word," is sometimes used of mere talk, the talk which one occasions; hence, "repute, reputation;" this seems to be the meaning in Col. 2:23, translated "a show (AV 'show') of wisdom," i.e., "a reputation for wisdom," rather than "appearance, reason," etc. See WORD.

Note: In Luke 20:47, AV, prophasis, "a pretense" (RV), is translated "show." See CLOKE (Pretense), No. 2.

Shower <1,,3655,ombros>
denotes a "heavy shower, a storm of rain," Luke 12:54.

Shrank and Shrink * For SHRANK and SHRINK see DRAW (B), No. 4

Shrine <1,,3485,naos>
"the inmost part of a temple, a shrine," is used in the plural in Acts 19:24, of the silver models of the pagan "shrine" in which the image of Diana (Greek Artemis) was preserved. The models were large or small, and were signs of wealth and devotion on the part of purchasers. The variety of forms connected with the embellishment of the image provided "no little business" for the silver-smiths. See TEMPLE.

Shudder <1,,5425,phrisso>
primarily, "to be rough, to bristle," then, "to shiver, shudder, tremble," is said of demons, Jas. 2:19, RV, "shudder" (AV, "tremble"). Cp. Matt. 8:29, indicating a cognizance of their appointed doom.

Shun * For SHUN see AVOID, No. 4, and DRAW, (B), No. 4

Shut, Shut up <1,,2808,kleio>
is used (a) of things material, Matt. 6:6; 25:10; Luke 11:7; John 20:19,26; Acts 5:23; 21:30; Rev. 20:3; figuratively, Rev. 21:25; (b) metaphorically, of the Kingdom of heaven, Matt. 23:13; of heaven, with consequences of famine, Luke 4:25; Rev. 11:6; of compassion, 1 John 3:17, RV (AV, "bowels of compassion"); of the blessings accuring from the promises of God regarding David, Rev. 3:7; of a door for testimony, Rev. 3:8.

<2,,608,apokleio>
"to shut fast" (apo, away from, and No. 1), is used in Luke 13:25, expressing the impossibility of entrance after the closing.

<3,,2623,katakleio>
lit., "to shut down" (the kata has, however, an intensive use), signifies "to shut up in confinement," Luke 3:20; Acts 26:10. In the Sept., Jer. 32:3.

<4,,4788,sunkleio>
see ENCLOSE.

Sick, Sickly, Sickness <A-1,Verb,770,astheneo>
lit., "to be weak, feeble" (a, negative, sthenos, "strength"), is translated "to be sick," e.g., in Matt. 10:8, "(the) sick;" Matt. 25:36; ver. 39 in the best texts (some have B, No. 1); Mark 6:56; Luke 4:40; 7:10 (RV omits the word); 9:2; John 4:46; 5:3, RV (AV, "impotent folk"); 5:7; 6:2, RV (AV, "were diseased"); 11:1-3,6; Acts 9:37; 19:12; Phil. 2:26,27; 2 Tim. 4:20; Jas. 5:14. See DISEASED, B, No. 1, IMPOTENT, and, especially, WEAK.

<A-2,Verb,2577,kamno>
primarily, "to work," hence, from the effect of constant work, "to be weary," Heb. 12:3, is rendered "(him) that is sick," in Jas. 5:15, RV, AV "(the) sick." The choice of this verb instead of the repetition of No. 1 (ver. 14, see above), is suggestive of the common accompaniment of "sickness," "weariness of mind" (which is the meaning of this verb), which not infrequently hinders physical recovery; hence this special cause is here intimated in the general idea of "sickness." In some mss. it occurs in Rev. 2:3. In the Sept., Job 10:1; 17:2.

<A-3,Verb,4912,sunecho>
"to hold in, hold fast," is used, in the Passive Voice, of "being seized or afficted by ills," Acts 28:8, "sick" (of the father of Publius, cp. Matt. 4:24; Luke 4:38, "taken with"). See CONSTRAIN, No. 3.

Notes: (1) Noseo, "to be sick," is used metaphorically of mental ailment, in 1 Tim. 6:4, "doting" (marg., "sick"). (2) The adverb kakos, "evilly ill," with echo, "to hold, to have," is rendered "to be sick," in Matt. 4:24, RV, "that were sick;" Matt. 8:16; 9:12; 14:35; Mark 1:32, RV (AV, "diseased"); Mark 1:34; 2:17; 6:55; Luke 5:31; 7:2. (3) For "sick of the palsy," Luke 5:24; Acts 9:33, see PALSY (sick of).

<B-1,Adjective,772,asthenes>
lit., "without strength," hence, "feeble, weak," is used of "bodily debility," Matt. 25:43 (for ver. 39, see A, No. 1),44; some texts have it in Luke 9:2 (the best omit it, the meaning being "to heal" in general); Luke 10:9; Acts 5:15,16; in Acts 4:9 it is rendered "impotent." See FEEBLE, IMPOTENT, WEAK.

<B-2,Adjective,732,arrhostos>
"feeble, sickly" (a, negative, rhonnumi, "to be strong"), is translated "sick" in Matt. 14:14; Mark 16:18; "sick folk" in Mark 6:5; "that were sick" in Mark 6:13; "sickly" in 1 Cor. 11:30, here also of the physical state. In the Sept., 1 Kings 14:5; Mal. 1:8.

<C-1,Noun,769,astheneia>
"weakness, sickness" (akin to A, No. 1 and B, No. 1), is translated "sickness" in John 11:4. See DISEASE, No. 1, INFIRMITY, WEAKNESS.

<C-2,Noun,3554,nosos>
see DISEASE, No. 3.

Sickle <1,,1407,drepanon>
"a pruning hook, a sickle" (akin to drepo, "to pluck"), occurs in mark 4:29; Rev. 14:14-18 (twice),19.

Side <A-1,Noun,4125,pleura>
"a side" (cp. Eng., "pleurisy"), is used of the "side" of Christ, into which the spear was thrust, John 19:34; 20:20,25,27 (some mss. have it in Matt. 27:49; see RV marg.); elsewhere, in Acts 12:7.

<B-1,Adverb,4008,peran>
an adverb, signifying "beyond, on the other side," is used (a) as a preposition and translated " on the other side of," e.g., in Mark 5:1; Luke 8:22; John 6:1, RV; 6:22,25; (b) as a noun with the article, e.g., Matt. 8:18,28; 14:22; 16:5. See BEYOND, No. 2.

Notes: (1) In Luke 9:47, the preposition para, "by the side of," with the dative case of the pronoun heautou, is rendered "by His side," RV (AV, "by Him"). (2) See also EITHER, EVERYWHERE, No. 3 HIGHWAY, RIGHT.

Sift <1,,4617,siniazo>
"to winnow, sift" (sinion, "a sieve"), is used figuratively in Luke 22:31.

Sigh <1,,4727,stenazo>
"to groan," is translated "He sighed" in Mark 7:34. See GRIEF, GROAN.

<2,,389,anastenazo>
"to sigh deeply" (ana, "up," suggesting "deep drawn," and No. 1), occurs in Mark 8:12. In the Sept., Lam. 1:4.

Sight <A-1,Noun,1491,eidos>
is translated. "sight" in 2 Cor. 5:7; see APPEARANCE, No. 1.

<A-2,Noun,2335,theoria>
denotes "a spectacle, a sight" (akin to theoreo, "to gaze, behold;" see BEHOLD), in Luke 23:48.

<A-3,Noun,3705,horama>
"that which is seen" (akin to horao, "to see"), besides its meaning, "a vision, appearance," denotes "a sight," in Acts 7:31. See VISION.

<A-4,Noun,3788,ophthalmos>
"an eye" (Eng. "ophthalmic," etc.) in Acts 1:9 is translated "sight" (plur. lit., "eyes"). See EYE.

<A-5,Noun,309,anablepsis>
denotes "recovering of sight" (ana, "again," blepo, "to see"), Luke 4:18. In the Sept., Isa. 61:1.

Notes: (1) For horasis (akin to No. 3), translated "in sight" in Rev. 4:3, AV (RV, "to look upon"), see LOOK, B. (2) In Luke 7:21, the infinitive mood of blepo, "to see," is used as a noun, "(He bestowed, AV, 'gave') sight." In Acts 9:9 it is used in the present participle with me, "not," "without sight" (lit., "not seeing"). (3) In Heb. 12:21 phantazomai, "to make visible," is used in the present participle as a noun, with the article, "(the) sight." (4) In Luke 21:11, AV, phobetron (or phobethron), plur., is translated "fearful sights" (RV, "terrors").

<B-1,Verb,308,anablepo>
"to look up," also denotes "to receive or recover sight" (akin to A, No. 5), e.g., Matt. 11:5; 20:34; Mark 10:51,52; Luke 18:41-43; John 9:11,15,18 (twice); Acts 9:12,17,18; 22:13.

Sight of (in the) <1,,1799,enopion>
for which see BEFORE, No. 9, is translated "in the sight of" in the RV (for AV, "before") in Luke 12:6; 15:18; 16:15; Acts 7:46; 10:33; 19:19; 1 Tim. 5:4,21; 2 Tim. 2:14; 4:1; Rev. 13:12. The RV is more appropriate in most passages, as giving the real significance of the word.

<2,,2714,katenopion>
see BEFORE, No. 10, is translated "in the sight of" in 2 Cor. 2:17 (in some texts); Col. 1:22, AV.

<3,,1715,emprosthen>
see BEFORE, No. 4, is translated "in the sight of" in Matt. 11:26; Luke 10:21; 1 Thess. 1:3, AV.

<4,,1726,enantion>
see BEFORE, No. 5, is translated "in the sight of" in Acts 7:10.

<5,,1725,enanti>
see BEFORE, No. 6, is translated "in the sight of" in Acts 8:21, AV.

<6,,2713,katenanti>
see BEFORE, No. 8, is found in the best texts in 2 Cor. 12:19, "in the sight of," RV, and in 2 Cor. 2:17.

Sign <1,,4592,semeion>
"a sign, mark, indication, token," is used (a) of that which distinguished a person or thing from others, e.g., Matt. 26:48; Luke 2:12; Rom. 4:11; 2 Cor. 12:12 (1st part); 2 Thess. 3:17, "token," i.e., his autograph attesting the authenticity of his letters; (b) of a "sign" as a warning or admonition, e.g., Matt. 12:39, "the sign of (i.e., consisting of) the prophet Jonas;" Matt. 16:4; Luke 2:34; 11:29,30; (c) of miraculous acts (1) as tokens of Divine authority and power, e.g., Matt. 12:38,39 (1st part); John 2:11, RV, "signs;" John 3:2 (ditto); 4:54, "(the second) sign," RV; John 10:41 (ditto); 20:30; in 1 Cor. 1:22, "the Jews ask for signs," RV, indicates that the Apostles were met with the same demand from Jews as Christ had been: "signs were vouchsafed in plenty, signs of God's power and love, but these were not the signs which they sought ... They wanted signs of an outward Messianic Kingdom, of temporal triumph, of material greatness for the chosen people. ... With such cravings the Gospel of a 'crucified Messiah' was to them a stumblingblock indeed" (Lightfoot); 1 Cor. 14:22; (2) by demons, Rev. 16:14; (3) by false teachers or prophets, indications of assumed authority, e.g., Matt. 24:24; Mark 13:22; (4) by Satan through his special agents, 2 Thess. 2:9; Rev. 13:13,14; 19:20; (d) of tokens portending future events, e.g., Matt. 24:3, where "the sign of the Son of Man" signifies, subjectively, that the Son of Man is Himself the "sign" of what He is about to do; Mark 13:4; Luke 21:7,11,25; Acts 2:19; Rev. 12:1, RV; 12:3, RV; 15:1.

"Signs" confirmatory of what God had accomplished in the atoning sacrifice of Christ, His resurrection and ascension, and of the sending of the Holy Spirit, were given to the Jews for their recognition, as at Pentecost, and supernatural acts by apostolic ministry, as well as by the supernatural operations in the churches, such as the gift of tongues and prophesyings; there is no record of the continuance of these latter after the circumstances recorded in Acts 19:1-20.

<2,,3902,parasemos>
an adjective meaning "marked at the side" (para, "beside," sema, "mark"), is used in Acts 28:11 as a noun denoting the figurehead of a vessel.

Signify <1,,4591,semaino>
"to give a sign, indicate" (sema, "a sign:" cp. SIGN, No. 1), "to signify," is so translated in John 12:33; 18:32; 21:19; Acts 11:28; 25:27; Rev. 1:1, where perhaps the suggestion is that of expressing by signs.

<2,,1213,deloo>
"to make plain" (delos, "evident"), is translated "to signify" in 1 Cor. 1:11, RV, "it hath been signified" (AV, "declared"); Heb. 9:8; 12:27; 1 Pet. 1:11, AV (RV, "Point unto"); 2 Pet. 1:14, RV, "sifnified" (AV, "hath showed"). See POINT (unto).

<3,,1718,emphanizo>
"to manifest, make known," is translated "signify" in Acts 23:15; Acts 23:22, RV (AV, "hath showed"). See APPEAR, No. 5.

Note: In Acts 21:26, AV, diangello, "to announce," is rendered "to signify" (RV, "declaring").

Signs (to make) <1,,1770,enneuo>
"to nod to" (en, "in," neuo, "to nod"), denotes "to make a sign to" in Luke 1:62. In the Sept., Prov. 6:13; 10:10.

Note: For dianeuo, Luke 1:22, RV, see BECKON, No. 2.

Signification * For SIGNIFICATION, 1 Cor. 14:10, see DUMB, No. 2

Silence <A-1,Noun,4602,sige>
occurs in Acts 21:40; Rev. 8:1, where the "silence" is introductory to the judgments following the opening of the seventh seal.

Note: For hesuchia, AV, "silence," Acts 22:2; 1 Tim. 2:11,12, see QUIETNESS.

<B-1,Verb,5392,phimoo>
"to muzzle," is rendered "to put to silence" in Matt. 22:34; 1 Pet. 2:15. See MUZZLE, PEACE (hold), SPEECHLESS, STILL.

<B-2,Verb,4601,sigao>
"to be silent:" see PEACE (hold), No. 1.

Silent * For SILENT, Luke 1:20, RV, see DUMB, B

Silk <1,,4596,serikos | sirikos> "silken," an adjective derived from the Seres, a people of India, who seem to have produced "silk" originally as a marketable commodity, is used as a noun with the article, denoting "silken fabric," Rev. 18:12.

Silly * For SILLY, 2 Tim. 3:6, See WOMAN No. 2

Silver <A-1,Noun,694,argurion>
is rendered "silver" in Acts 3:6; 8:20, RV (AV, "money"); 20:33; 1 Cor. 3:12 (metaphorical); 1 Pet. 1:18. See MONEY, PIECE.

<A-2,Noun,696,arguros>
akin to argos, "shining," denotes "silver." In each occurrence in the NT it follows the mention of gold, Matt. 10:9; Acts 17:29; Jas. 5:3; Rev. 18:12.

Note: For drachme, Luke 15:8, see PIECE.

<B-1,Adjective,693,argureos>
signifies "made of silver," Acts 19:24; 2 Tim. 2:20; Rev. 9:20.

Silversmith <1,,695,argurokopos>
from arguros (see above) and kopto, "to beat," occurs in Acts 19:24. In the Sept., Judg. 17:4; Jer. 6:29.

Similitude * Note: For homoioma, rendered "similitude" in Rom. 5:14, AV, see LIKENESS, No. 1. For homoiotes, "similitude" in Heb. 7:15 AV, see LIKE, C, Note (1), and LIKENESS, No. 3. For homoiosis, "similitude" in Jas. 3:9, AV, see LIKENESS, No. 2.

Simple * For SIMPLE see GUILELESS No. 2, and HARMLESS

Simplicity * For SIMPLICITY see LIBERALITY

Sin (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,266,hamartia>
is, lit., "a missing of the mark," but this etymological meaning is largely lost sight of in the NT. It is the most comprehensive term for moral obliquity. It is used of "sin" as (a) a principle or source of action, or an inward element producing acts, e.g., Rom. 3:9; 5:12,13,20; 6:1,2; 7:7 (abstract for concrete); 7:8 (twice),9,11,13, "sin, that it might be shown to be sin," i.e., "sin became death to me, that it might be exposed in its heinous character:" in the clause, "sin might become exceeding sinful," i.e., through the holiness of the Law, the true nature of sin was designed to be manifested to the conscience;

(b) a governing principle or power, e.g., Rom. 6:6; "(the body) of sin," here "sin" is spoken of as an organized power, acting through the members of the body, though the seat of "sin" is in the will (the body is the organic instrument); in the next clause, and in other passages, as follows, this governing principle is personified, e.g., Rom. 5:21; 6:12,14,17; 7:11,14,17,20,23,25; 8:2; 1 Cor. 15:56; Heb. 3:13; 11:25; 12:4; Jas. 1:15 (2nd part);

(c) a generic term (distinct from specific terms such as No. 2 yet sometimes inclusive of concrete wrong doing, e.g., John 8:21,34,46; 9:41; 15:22,24; 19:11); in Rom. 8:3, "God, sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh," lit., "flesh of sin," the flesh stands for the body, the instrument of indwelling "sin" [Christ, preexistently the Son of God, assumed human flesh, "of the substance of the Virgin Mary;" the reality of incarnation was His, without taint of sin (for homoioma, "likeness," see LIKENESS)], and as an offering for sin," i.e., "a sin offering" (so the Sept. e.g., in Lev. 4:32; 5:6-9), "condemned sin in the flesh," i.e., Christ, having taken human nature, "sin" apart (Heb. 4:15), and having lived a sinless life, died under the condemnation and judgment due to our "sin;" for the generic sense see further, e.g., Heb. 9:26; 10:6,8,18; 13:11; 1 John 1:7,8; 3:4 (1st part; in the 2nd part, "sin" is defined as "lawlessness," RV),8,9; in these verses the AV use of the verb to commit is misleading; not the committal of an act is in view, but a continous course of "sin," as indicated by the RV, "doeth." The Apostle's use of the present tense of poieo, "to do," virtually expresses the meaning of prasso, "to practice," which John does not use (it is not infrequent in this sense in Paul's Epp., e.g., Rom. 1:32, RV; 2:1; Gal. 5:21; Phil. 4:9); 1 Pet. 4:1 (singular in the best texts), lit., "has been made to cease from sin," i.e., as a result of suffering in the flesh, the mortifying of our members, and of obedience to a Savior who suffered in flesh. Such no longer lives in the flesh, "to the lusts of men, but to the will of God;" sometimes the word is used as virtually equivalent to a condition of "sin," e.g., John 1:29, "the sin (not sins) of the world;" 1 Cor. 15:17; or a course of "sin," characterized by continuous acts, e.g., 1 Thess. 2:16; in 1 John 5:16 (2nd part) the RV marg., is probably to be preferred, "there is sin unto death," not a special act of "sin," but the state or condition producing acts; in 1 John 5:17, "all unrighteousness is sin" is not a definition of "sin" (as in 1 John 3:4), it gives a specification of the term in its generic sense;

(d) a sinful deed, an act of "sin," e.g., Matt. 12:31; Acts 7:60; Jas. 1:15 (1st part); 2:9; 4:17; 5:15,20; 1 John 5:16 (1st part).

Notes: (1) Christ is predicated as having been without "sin" in every respect, e.g., (a), (b), (c) above, 2 Cor. 5:21 (1st part); 1 John 3:5; John 14:30; (d) John 8:46; Heb. 4:15; 1 Pet. 2:22. (2) In Heb. 9:28 (2nd part) the reference is to a "sin" offering. (3) In 2 Cor. 5:21, "Him ... He made to be sin" indicates that God dealt with Him as He must deal with "sin," and that Christ fulfilled what was typified in the guilt offering. (4) For the phrase "man of sin" in 2 Thess. 2:3, see INIQUITY, No. 1.

<A-2,Noun,265,hamartema>
akin to No. 1, denotes "an act of disobedience to Divine law" [as distinct from No. 1 (a), (b), (c)]; plural in Mark 3:28; Rom. 3:25; 2 Pet. 1:9, in some texts; sing. in Mark 3:29 (some mss. have krisis, AV, "damnation"); 1 Cor. 6:18.

Notes: (1) For paraptoma, rendered "sins" in the AV in Eph. 1:7; 2:5; Col. 2:13 (RV, "trespass"), see TRESPASS. In Jas. 5:16, the best texts have No. 1 (RV, "sins"). (2) For synonymous terms see DISOBEDIENCE, ERROR, FAULT, INIQUITY, TRANSGRESSION, UNGODLINESS.

<B-1,Adjective,361,anamartetos>
"without sin" (a, negative, n, euphonic, and C, No. 1), is found in John 8:7. In the Sept., Deut. 29:19.

<C-1,Verb,264,hamartano>
lit., "to miss the mark," is used in the NT (a) of "sinning" against God, (1) by angels, 2 Pet. 2:4; (2) by man, Matt. 27:4; Luke 15:18,21 (heaven standing, by metonymy, for God); John 5:14; 8:11; 9:2,3; Rom. 2:12 (twice); 3:23; 5:12,14,16; 6:15; 1 Cor. 7:28 (twice),36; 15:34; Eph. 4:26; 1 Tim. 5:20; Titus 3:11; Heb. 3:17; 10:26; 1 John 1:10; in 1 John 2:1 (twice), the aorist tense in each place, referring to an act of "sin;" on the contrary, in 1 John 3:6 (twice),8,9, the present tense indicates, not the committal of an act, but the continuous practice of "sin" [see on A, No. 1 (c)]; in 1 John 5:16 (twice) the present tense indicates the condition resulting from an act, "unto death" signifying "tending towards death;" (b) against Christ, 1 Cor. 8:12; (c) against man, (1) a brother, Matt. 18:15, RV, "sin" (AV, "tresspass"); Matt. 18:21; Luke 17:3,4, RV, "sin" (AV, "trespass"); 1 Cor. 8:12; (2) in Luke 15:18,21, against the father by the Prodigal Son, "in thy sight" being suggestive of befitting reverence; (d) against Jewish law, the Temple, and Caesar, Acts 25:8, RV, "sinned" (AV, "offended"); (e) against one's own body, by fornication, 1 Cor. 6:18; (f) against earthly masters by servants, 1 Pet. 2:20, RV, "(when) ye sin (and are buffeted for it)," AV, "(when ye be buffeted) for your faults," lit., "having sinned."

<C-2,Verb,4258,proamartano>
"to sin previously" (pro, "before," and No. 1), occurs in 2 Cor. 12:21; 13:2, RV in each place, "have sinned heretofore" (so AV in the 2nd; in the 1st, "have sinned already").

Since * For SINCE see +, p. 9

Sincere, Sincerely, Sincerity <A-1,Adjective,97,adolos>
"guileless, pure," is translated "sincere" in 1 Pet. 2:2, AV, "without guile," RV. See GUILELESS, No. 1.

<A-2,Adjective,1103,gnesios>
"true, genuine, sincere," is used in the neuter, as a noun, with the article, signifying "sincerity," 2 Cor. 8:8 (of love). See OWN, TRUE.

<A-3,Adjective,1506,eilikrines>
see PURE, A, No. 3.

<B-1,Adverb,55,hagnos>
denotes "with pure motives," akin to words under PURE, A, No. 1, and B, Nos. 1 and 2, and is rendered "sincerely" in Phil. 1:17, RV (ver. 16, AV).

<C-1,Noun,1505,eilikrinia>
akin to A, No. 3 denotes "sincerity, purity;" it is described metaphorically in 1 Cor. 5:8 as "unleavened (bread);" in 2 Cor. 1:12, "sincerity (of God)," RV, AV, "(godly) sincerity," it describes a quality possessed by God, as that which is to characterize the conduct of believers; in 2 Cor. 2:17 it is used of the rightful ministry of the Scriptures.

Notes: (1) For 2 Cor. 8:8, see A, No. 2. (2) In Eph. 6:24, AV, aphtharsia, "incorruption," is translated "sincerity" (RV, "uncorruptness," AV marg., "incorruption"); some inferior mss. have it in Titus 2:7, AV; the RV follows those in which it is absent.

Sinful <1,,268,hamartolos>
an adjective, akin to hamartano, "to sin," is used as an adjective, "sinful" in Mark 8:38; Luke 5:8; 19:7 (lit., "a sinful man"); 24:7; John 9:16,24 (lit., "a man sinful"); Rom. 7:13, for which see SIN, A, No. 1 (a). Elsewhere it is used as a noun: see SINNER. The noun is frequently found in a common phrase in sepulchral epitaphs in the S.W. of Asia Minor, with the threat against any desecrator of the tomb, "let him be as a sinner before the subterranean gods" (Moulton and Milligan).

Notes: (1) In Rom. 8:3, "sinful flesh" is, lit., "flesh of sin" (RV marg.): see SIN, No. 1 (c). (2) For the RV of Rom. 7:5, "sinful passions," see PASSION, No. 1.

Sing, Singing <1,,103,ado>
is used always of "praise to God," (a) intransitively, Eph. 5:19; Col. 3:16; (b) transitively, Rev. 5:9; 14:3; 15:3.

<2,,5567,psallo>
see MELODY.

<3,,5214,humneo>
see HYMN, B.

Single <1,,573,haplous>
"simple, single," is used in a moral sense in Matt. 6:22; Luke 11:34, said of the eye; "singleness" of purpose keeps us from the snare of having a double treasure and consequently a divided heart. The papyri provide instances of its use in other than the moral sense, e.g., of a marriage dowry, to be repaid pure and simple by a husband (Moulton and Milligan). In the Sept., Prov. 11:25.

Singleness <1,,858,aphelotes>
denotes "simplicity," Acts 2:46, "singleness," for which Moulton and Milligan, from papyri examples, suggest "unworldly simplicity;" the idea here is that of an unalloyed benevolence expressed in act.

<2,,572,haplotes>
see BOUNTY, No. 2.

Sink <1,,1036,buthizo>
is used literally in Luke 5:7. See DROWN, No. 1.

<2,,2670,katapontizo>
is translated "to sink" in Matt. 14:30 (Passive Voice). See DROWN, No. 3.

<3,,5087,tithemi>
"to put," is rendered "let ... sink" in Luke 9:44, RV ("let ... sink down," AV). See APPOINT, LAY.

Note: In Acts 20:9 (2nd part), AV kataphero, "to bear down," is translated "he sunk down" (RV, "being borne down"); in the 1st part it is rendered "being fallen," AV, "borne down," RV.

Sinner <1,,268,hamartolos>
lit., "one who misses the mark" (a meaning not to be pressed), is an adjective, most frequently used as a noun (see SINFUL); it is the most usual term to describe the fallen condition of men; it is applicable to all men, Rom. 5:8,19. In the Synoptic Gospels the word is used not infrequently, by the Pharisees, of publicans (tax collectors) and women of ill repute, e.g., "a woman which was in the city, a sinner," Luke 7:37; "a man that is a sinner," Luke 19:7. In Gal. 2:15, in the clause "not sinners of the Gentiles," the Apostle is taking the Judaizers on their own ground, ironically reminding them of their claim to moral superiority over Gentiles; he proceeds to show that the Jews are equally sinners with Gentiles.

Note: In Luke 13:4, AV, opheiletes, "a debtor," is translated "sinners" (RV, "offenders;" RV and AV marg., "debtors").

Sir(-s) <1,,2962,kurios>
see LORD.

<2,,435,aner>
"a man," is translated "sirs" in Acts 7:26; 14:15; 19:25; 27:10,21,25. See MAN.

Note: In John 21:5 the AV marg. has "sirs" for paidia, "children."

Sister <1,,79,adelphe>
is used (a) of natural relationship, e.g., Matt. 19:29; of the "sisters" of Christ, the children of Joseph and Mary after the virgin birth of Christ, e.g., Matt. 13:56; (b) of "spiritual kinship" with Christ, an affinity marked by the fulfillment of the will of the Father, Matt. 12:50; Mark 3:35; of spiritual relationship based upon faith in Christ, Rom. 16:1; 1 Cor. 7:15; 9:5, AV and RV marg.; Jas. 2:15; Philem. 1:2, RV.

Note: In Col. 4:10, AV, anepsios (cp. Lat., nepos, whence Eng., "nephew"), "a cousin" (so, RV), is translated "sister's son." See COUSIN.

Sit <1,,2521,kathemai>
is used (a) of the natural posture, e.g., Matt. 9:9, most frequently in the Apocalypse, some 32 times; frequently in the Gospels and Acts; elsewhere only in 1 Cor. 14:30; Jas. 2:3 (twice); and of Christ's position of authority on the throne of God, Col. 3:1, AV, "sitteth" (RV, "is, seated"); Heb. 1:13 (cp. Matt. 22:44; 26:64 and parallel passages in Mark and Luke, and Acts 2:34); often as antecedent or successive to, or accompanying, another act (in no case a superfluous expression), e.g., Matt. 15:29; 27:36; Mark 2:14; 4:1; (b) metaphorically in Matt. 4:16 (twice); Luke 1:79; of inhabiting a place (translated "dwell"), Luke 21:35; Rev. 14:6, RV marg., "sit" (in the best texts: some have katoikeo, "to dwell"). See DWELL.

<2,,4775,sunkathemai>
"to sit with" (sun, "with," and No. 1), occurs in Mark 14:54; Acts 26:30. In the Sept., Ps. 101:6, "dwell."

<3,,345,anakeimai>
"to recline at table" (ana, "up," keimai, "to lie"), is rendered "to sit at meat" in Matt. 9:10 (RV, marg., "reclined"); 26:7; 26:20, RV, "He was sitting at meat" (AV, "He sat down"); Mark 16:14; in some mss. Luke 7:37 (see No. 5); 22:27 (twice); in Mark 14:18, "sat;" in John 6:11, "were set down;" John 12:2 in the best texts (see No. 4). See GUEST, LEAN, LIE, Note (1), SET, No. 22, TABLE (at the).

<4,,4873,sunanakeimai>
"to recline at table with or together" (sun, and No. 3), "to sit at meat or at table with," occurs in Matt. 9:10, "sat down;" Matt. 14:9; Mark 2:15, RV, "sat down with" (AV, "sat ... together with"); 6:22; Luke 7:49; 14:10,15; John 12:2 (in some texts).

<5,,2621,katakeimai>
"to lie down" (kata, "down," andkeimai, cp. No. 3), is used of "reclining at a meal," Mark 2:15; 14:3; Luke 5:29, RV, "were sitting at meat" (AV, "sat down"); Luke 7:37 (in the best texts); 1 Cor. 8:10. See KEEP, LIE.

<6,,347,anaklino>
"to cause to recline, make to sit down," is used in the Active Voice, in Luke 12:37 (also in Luke 2:7, of "laying" the infant Christ in the manger); in the Passive, Matt. 8:11; 14:19; Mark 6:39 (in the best texts); in some texts, Luke 7:36; 9:15 (see No. 7); 13:29. See LAY.

<7,,2625,kataklino>
is used only in connection with meals, (a) in the Active Voice, "to make recline," Luke 9:14,15 (in the best texts); in the Passive Voice, "to recline," Luke 7:36 (in the best texts), "sat down to meat;" Luke 14:8; 24:30 (RV, "had sat down ... to meat").

<8,,2523,kathizo>
is used (a) transitively, "to make sit down," Acts 2:30 (see also SET, No. 9); (b) intransitively, "to sit down," e.g., Matt. 5:1, RV, "when (He) had sat down" (AV, "was set"); Matt. 19:28; 20:21,23; 23:2; 25:31; 26:36; Mark 11:2,7; 12:41; Luke 14:28,31; 16:6; John 19:13; Acts 2:3 (of the tongues of fire); 8:31; 1 Cor. 10:7; 2 Thess. 2:4, "he sitteth," aorist tense, i.e., "he takes his seat" (as, e.g., in Mark 16:19); Rev. 3:21 (twice), RV, "to sit down" and "sat down;" Rev. 20:4.

<9,,3869,parakathezomai>
"to sit down beside" (para), in a Passive Voice form, occurs in the best mss. in Luke 10:39. Some texts have the verb parakathizo, "to set beside," Active form in Middle sense.

<10,,4776,sunkathizo>
denotes (a) transitively, "to make to sit together," Eph. 2:6; (b) intransitively, Luke 22:55, RV, "had sat down together" (AV, "were set down").

<11,,339,anakathizo>
"to set up," is used intransitively, "to sit up," of two who were raised from the dead, Luke 7:15; Acts 9:40.

<12,,377,anapipto>
"to fall back" (ana, "back," pipto, "to fall"), denotes in the NT, "to recline for a repast," Matt. 15:35; Mark 6:40; 8:6; Luke 11:37; 14:10; 17:7; 22:14; John 6:10 (twice); 13:12; in John 13:25; 21:20 it is used of leaning on the bosom of Christ. See LEAN. In the Sept., Gen. 49:9.

<13,,2516,kathezomai>
"to sit (down)," is used in Matt. 26:55; Luke 2:46; John 4:6; 11:20; 20:12; Acts 6:15.

Note: For epibaino, "sitting upon," Matt. 21:5, AV, see RIDE.