Christ's "parables" most frequently convey truths connected with the subject of the kingdom of God. His withholding the meaning from His hearers as He did from the multitudes, Matt. 13:34, was a Divine judgment upon the unworthy.

Two dangers are to be avoided in seeking to interpret the "parables" in Scripture, that of ignoring the important features, and that of trying to make all the details mean something.

<2,,3942,paroima>
denotes "a wayside saying" (from paroimos, "by the way"), "a byword," "maxim," or "problem," 2 Pet. 2:22. The word is sometimes spoken of as a "parable," John 10:6, i.e., a figurative discourse (RV marg., "proverb"); see also John 16:25,29, where the word is rendered "proverbs" (marg. "parables") and "proverb."

Paradise <1,,3857,paradeisos>
is an Oriental word, first used by the historian Xenophon, denoting "the parks of Perisian kings and nobles." It is of Persian origin (Old Pers. pairidaeza, akin to Gk. peri, "around," and teichos, "a wall") whence it passed into Greek. See the Sept., e.g., in Neh. 2:8; Eccl. 2:5; Song of Sol. 4:13. The Sept. translators used it of the garden of Eden, Gen. 2:8, and in other respects, e.g., Num. 24:6; Isa. 1:30; Jer. 29:5; Ezek. 31:8,9.

In Luke 23:43, the promise of the Lord to the repentant robber was fulfilled the same day; Christ, at His death, having committed His spirit to the Father, went in spirit immediately into Heaven itself, the dwelling place of God (the Lord's mention of the place as "paradise" must have been a great comfort to the malefactor; to the oriental mind it expressed the sum total of blessedness). Thither the Apostle Paul was caught up, 2 Cor. 12:4, spoken of as "the third heaven" (ver. 3 does not introduce a different vision), beyond the heavens of the natural creation (see Heb. 4:14, RV, with reference to the Ascension). The same region is mentioned in Rev. 2:7, where the "tree of life," the figurative antitype of that in Eden, held out to the overcomer, is spoken of as being in "the Paradise of God" (RV), marg., "garden," as in Gen. 2:8.

Parcel * For PARCEL see GROUND, No. 4

Parchment <1,,3200,membrana>
is a Latin word, properly an adjective, from membrum, "a limb," but denoting "skin, parchment." The Eng. word "parchment" is a form of pergamena, an adjective signifying "of Pergamum," the city in Asia Minor where "parchment" was either invented or brought into use. The word membrana is found in 2 Tim. 4:13, where Timothy is asked to bring to the Apostle "the books, especially the parchments." The writing material was prepared from the skin of the sheep or goat. The skins were first soaked in lime for the purpose of removing the hair, and then shaved, washed, dried, stretched and ground or smoothed with fine chalk or lime and pumice stone. The finest kind is called "vellum," and is made from the skins of calves or kids.

Parents <1,,1118,goneus>
"a begetter, a father" (akin to ginomai, "to come into being, become"), is used in the plural in the NT, Matt. 10:21; Mark 13:12; six times in Luke (in Luke 2:43, RV, "His parents," AV, "Joseph and His mother"); six in John; elsewhere, Rom. 1:30; 2 Cor. 12:14 (twice); Eph. 6:1; Col. 3:20; 2 Tim. 3:2.

<2,,4269,progonos>
an adjective signifying "born before" (pro, before, and ginomai, see No. 1), is used as a noun, in the plural, (a) of ancestors, "forefathers," 2 Tim. 1:3; (b) of living "parents," 1 Tim. 5:4. See FOREFATHER.

<3,,3962,pater>
"a father," is used in Heb. 11:23, in the plural, of both father and mother, the "parents" of Moses. See FATHER.

Part (Noun, a portion; Verb, to give or divide, partake) <A-1,Noun,3313,meros>
denotes (a) "a part, portion," of the whole, e.g., John 13:8; Rev. 20:6; 22:19; hence, "a lot" or "destiny," e.g., Rev. 21:8; in Matt. 24:51; Luke 12:46, "portion;" (b) "a part" as opposite to the whole, e.g., Luke 11:36; John 19:23; 21:6, "side;" Acts 5:2; 23:6; Eph. 4:16; Rev. 16:19; a party, Acts 23:9; the divisions of a province, e.g., Matt. 2:22; Acts 2:10; the regions belonging to a city, e.g., Matt. 15:21, RV, "parts" (AV, "coasts"); Matt. 16:13 (ditto); Mark 8:10, AV and RV, "parts;" "the lower parts of the earth," Eph. 4:9; this phrase means the regions beneath the earth (see LOWER, A, No. 1); (c) "a class," or "category" (with en, in, "in respect of"), Col. 2:16; "in this respect," 2 Cor. 3:10; 9:3, RV (AV, "in this behalf"). See BEHALF, COAST, CRAFT, PIECE, PORTION, RESPECT.

<A-2,Noun,3310,meris>
denotes (a) "a part" or "portion," Luke 10:42; Acts 8:21; 2 Cor. 6:15 (RV, "portion"); in Col. 1:12, "partakers," lit., "unto the part of;" (b) "a district" or "division," Acts 16:12, RV, "district" (AV, "part"). See DISTRICT, PARTAKER.

<A-3,Noun,2824,klima>
primarily "an incline, slope" (Eng., "clime, climate"), is used of "a region," Rom. 15:23, AV, "parts" (RV, "regions"); 2 Cor. 11:10, AV and RV, "regions;" Gal. 1:21 (ditto). See REGION.

<A-4,Noun,2078,eschatos>
an adjective signifying "last, utmost, extreme," is often used as a noun; in Acts 13:47, RV, "uttermost part" (AV, "ends"). See END, LAST, LOWEST, UTTERMOST.

<A-5,Noun,5117,topos>
"a place," is translated "parts" in Acts 16:3, RV (AV, "quarters"). See PLACE, etc. The plural of the article, followed first by the particle men, "indeed," and then by de, "but," is translated "part ... and part" in Acts 14:4.

<A-6,Noun,4009,peras>
"an end, boundary," is translated "utmost parts" in the AV of Matt. 12:42; Luke 11:31. See END, A, No. 3.

Notes: (1) Meros is used with certain perpositions in adverbial phrases, (a) with ana, used distributively, 1 Cor. 14:27, "in turn," RV, AV, "by course;" (b) with kata, "according to," Heb. 9:5, RV, "severally" (AV, "particularly"); (c) with apo, "from," "in part," Rom. 11:25; 2 Cor. 1:14; 2:5 (see also MEASURE); (d) with ek, "from," 1 Cor. 13:9,10,12; in 1 Cor. 12:27, RV, "severally," marg., "each in his part" (AV, "in particular"). (2) In Mark 4:38; Acts 27:41, AV, prumna, "a stern," is translated "hinder part" (RV, "stern"). (3) In Acts 1:17, AV, kleros, "a lot," is translated "part" (RV, "portion;" marg., "lot"), of that portion allotted to Judas in the ministry of the Twelve. See INHERITANCE, LOT. (4) In Acts 1:25, where the best mss. have topos, "a place," RV, "(to take) the place (in this ministry)," some texts have kleros, which the AV translates "part." (5) In Mark 9:40, AV, the preposition huper, "on behalf of," is translated "on (our) part," RV, "for (us)." (6) In 1 Pet. 4:14, AV, "on (their) part," "on (your) part," represents the preposition kata, "according to," followed by the personal pronouns; the statements are not found in the most authentic mss. (7) In Acts 9:32, AV, the phrase dia panton, lit., "through all," is rendered "throughout all quarters" (RV, "throughout all parts"). (8) In 1 Cor. 12:23, the RV has "parts" for "members;" AV and RV have "parts" in the end of the verse; see also 1 Cor. 12:24. (9) In 2 Cor. 10:16, the RV translates the neuter plural of the article "the parts" (AV, "the regions"). (10) For "inward part" see INWARD.

<B-1,Verb,3307,merizo>
"to divide, to distribute" (akin to A, No. 1), is translated "divided (AV, gave) a ... part" in Heb. 7:2, RV. See DEAL.

<B-2,Verb,3348,metecho>
"to partake of, share in," Heb. 2:14: see PARTAKE.

<B-3,Verb,3854,paraginomai>
"to be beside, support" (para, "beside," ginomai, "to become"), is rendered "took (my) part" in 2 Tim. 4:16 (AV, "stood with"); some mss. have sunparaginomai. See COME, No. 13, GO, PRESENT (to be).

Notes: (1) In Rev. 6:8, tetartos, "a fourth," is rendered "the fourth part." (2) See GREATER, HINDER, INWARD, MORE, TENTH, THIRD, UTMOST, UTTERMOST.

Part (Verb, to separate) <1,,1266,diamerizo>
"to part among, to distribute," is translated by the verb "to part" (a) in the Middle Voice, with reference to the Lord's garments, Matt. 27:35, 1st part (in some mss., 2nd part); Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34; John 19:24; (b) in the Active Voice, of "the proceeds of the sale of possessions and goods," Acts 2:45; (c) in the Passive Voice in Acts 2:3, of the "parting asunder" (RV) of tongues like fire (AV, "cloven"). See CLOVEN, DIVIDE, No. 7.

<2,,1339,diistemi>
"to set apart, separate" (dia, "apart," histemi, "to cause to stand"), is used in the Active Voice in Luke 24:51, RV, "He parted (from them)," AV, "was parted." See GO, SPACE.

<3,,645,apospao>
"to draw off" or "tear away," is used in the Passive Voice in Luke 22:41, RV, "He was parted" (AV, "was withdrawn"), lit. "He was torn away," indicating the reluctance with which Christ parted from the loving sympathy of the disciples. Moulton and Milligan suggest that the ordinary use of the verb does not encourage this stronger meaning, but since the simpler meaning is not found in the NT, except in Acts 21:1, and since the idea of withdrawal is expressed in Matt. by anachoreo, Luke may have used apospao here in the stronger sense. See DRAW, A, No. 6.

<4,,5563,chorizo>
in Philem. 1:15, RV, "parted:" see DEPART, No. 13.

<5,,673,apochorizo>
"to part from," Acts 15:39, RV; see DEPART, No. 14.

Partake, Partaker <A-1,Noun,2844,koinonos>
an adjective, signifying "having in common" (koinos, "common"), is used as a noun, denoting "a companion, partner, partaker," translated "partakers" in Matt. 23:30; 1 Cor. 10:18, AV (see COMMUNION, B); 2 Cor. 1:7; Heb. 10:33, RV (see COMPANION, No. 2); 2 Pet. 1:4; "partaker" in 1 Pet. 5:1. See PARTNER.

<A-2,Noun,4791,sunkoinonos>
denotes "partaking jointly with" (sun, and No. 1), Rom. 11:17, RV, "(didst become) partaker with them" (AV, "partakest"); 1 Cor. 9:23, RV, "a joint partaker," i.e., with the Gospel, as cooperating in its activity; the AV misplaces the "with" by attaching it to the superfluous italicized pronoun "you;" Phil. 1:7, "partakers with (me of grace)," RV, and AV marg.; not as AV text, "partakers (of my grace);" Rev. 1:9, "partaker with (you in the tribulation, etc.)," AV, "companion." See COMPANION.

<A-3,Noun,3353,metochos>
see FELLOW, No. 3, PARTNER.

<A-4,Noun,4830,summetochos>
"partaking together with" (sun, "with," and No. 3), is used as a noun, a joint partaker, Eph. 3:6, RV, "fellow partakers" (AV, "partakers"); in Eph. 5:7, RV and AV, "partakers."

Notes: (1) For antilambano, "to partake of," rendered "partakers" in 1 Tim. 6:2, AV, see B, No. 4. (2) For the phrase "to be partakers," Col. 1:12, see PART, A, No. 2.

<B-1,Verb,2841,koinoneo>
"to have a share of, to share with, take part in" (akin to A, No. 1), is translated "to be partaker of" in 1 Tim. 5:22; Heb. 2:14 (1st part), AV, "are partakers of," RV, "are sharers in" (for the 2nd part see No. 3); 1 Pet. 4:13; 2 John 1:11, RV, "partaketh in" (AV, "is partaker of"); in the Passive Voice in Rom. 15:27. See COMMUNICATE, DISTRIBUTE.

<B-2,Verb,4790,sunkoinoneo>
see FELLOWSHIP, B, No. 2.

<B-3,Verb,3348,metecho>
"to partake of, share in" (meta, "with," echo, "to have"), akin to A, No. 3, is translated "of partaking" in 1 Cor. 9:10, RV (AV, "be partaker of"); "partake of" in 1 Cor. 9:12, RV (AV, "be partakers of"); so in 1 Cor. 10:17,21; in 1 Cor. 10:30 "partake;" in Heb. 2:14, the AV "took part of" is awkard; Christ "partook of" flesh and blood, RV; cp. No. 1 in this verse; in Heb. 5:13, metaphorically, of receiving elementary spiritual teaching, RV, "partaketh of (milk)," AV, "useth;" in Heb. 7:13, it is said of Christ (the antitype of Melchizedek) as "belonging to" (so RV) or "partaking of" (RV marg.) another tribe than that of Levi (AV, "pertaineth to"). See PERTAIN, USE. See PARTNER, Note.

<B-4,Verb,482,antilambano>
"to take hold of, to lay hold of" something before one, has the meaning "to partake of" in 1 Tim. 6:2, RV, "partake of," marg., "lay hold of," AV, "are ... partakers of" (anti, "in return for," lambano, "to take or receive"); the benefit mentioned as "partaken" of by the masters would seem to be the improved quality of the service rendered; the benefit of redemption is not in view here. See HELP.

<B-5,Verb,3335,metalambano>
"to have, or get, a share of," is translated "to be partaker (or partakers) of" in 2 Tim. 2:6; Heb. 12:10. See EAT, HAVE, RECEIVE, TAKE.

<B-6,Verb,4829,summerizo>
primarily, "to distribute in shares" (sun, "with," meros, "a part"), in the Middle Voice, "to have a share in," is used in 1 Cor. 9:13, AV, "are partakers with (the altar)," RV, "have their portion with," i.e., they feed with others on that which, having been sacrificed, has been placed upon an altar; so the believer feeds upon Christ (who is the altar in Heb. 13:10).

Partial, Partiality <A-1,Verb,1252,diakrino>
"to separate, distinguish, discern, judge, decide" (dia, "asunder," krino, "to judge"), also came to mean "to be divided in one's mind, to hesitate, doubt," and had this significance in Hellenistic Greek (though not so found in the Sept.). For the AV, "are ye (not) partial" in Jas. 2:4, see DIVIDE, No. 4. "'This meaning seems to have had its beginning in near proximity to Christianity.' It arises very naturally out of the general sense of making distinctions" (Moulton and Milligan).

<B-1,Noun,4346,prosklisis>
denotes "inclination" (pros, "towards," klino, "to lean"); it is used with kata in 1 Tim. 5:21, lit., "according to partiality."

<C-1,Adjective,87,adiakritos>
primarily signifies "not to be parted" (a, negative, and an adjectival form akin to A), hence, "without uncertainty," or "indecision," Jas. 3:17, AV, "without partiality" (marg. "wrangling"), RV, "without variance" (marg., "Or, doubtfulness Or, partiality"). See VARIANCE. In the Sept., Prov. 25:1.

Particular and Particularly * For PARTICULAR and PARTICULARLY see EVERY, No. 3, SEVERALLY

Note: In Acts 21:19, for the AV "particularly" the RV has "one by one," translating the phrase. lit., "according to each one."

Parting * For PARTING see HIGHWAY

Partition <1,,5418,phragmos>
primarily "a fencing in" (akin to phrasso, "to fence in, stop, close"), is used metaphorically in Eph. 2:14, of "the middle wall of partition;" "the partition" is epexegetic of "the middle wall," namely, the "partition" between Jew and Gentile. J. A. Robinson suggests that Paul had in mind the barrier between the outer and inner courts of the Temple, notices fixed to which warned Gentiles not to proceed further on pain of death (see Josephus, Antiq. xv. 11. 5; B. J. v. 5. 2; vi. 2. 4; cp. Acts 21:29). See HEDGE.

Partly * Notes: (1) In the statement "I partly believe it," 1 Cor. 11:18, "partly" represents the phrase "meros (part) ti (some)," used adverbially, i.e., "in some part," "in some measure," (2) In Heb. 10:33, "partly ... partly" is a translation of the antithetic phrases "touto men," ("this indeed,") and "touto de," ("but this,"), i.e., "on the one hand ... and on the other hand."

Partner <1,,2844,koinonos>
an adjective, signifying "having in common" (koinos), is used as a noun, "partners" in Luke 5:10, "partner" in 2 Cor. 8:23; Philem. 1:17 (in spiritual life and business). See COMMUNION, B, COMPANION, No. 2, PARTAKER.

<2,,3353,metochos>
an adjective, signifying "having with, sharing," is used as a noun, "partners" in Luke 5:7. See FELLOW, PARTAKER.

Note: Koinonos stresses the fact of having something in common, metochos, "the fact of sharing;" the latter is less thorough in effect than the former.

Pass, come to Pass <1,,3928,parerchomai>
from para, "by," erchomai, "to come" or "go," denotes (I), literally, "to pass, pass by," (a) of persons, Matt. 8:28; Mark 6:48; Luke 18:37; Acts 16:8; (b) of things, Matt. 26:39,42; of time, Matt. 14:15; Mark 14:35; Acts 27:9, AV, "past" (RV, "gone by"); 1 Pet. 4:3; (II), metaphorically, (a) "to pass away, to perish," Matt. 5:18; 24:34,35; Mark 13:30,31; Luke 16:17; 21:32,33; 2 Cor. 5:17; Jas. 1:10; 2 Pet. 3:10; (b) "to pass by, disregard, neglect, pass over," Luke 11:42; 15:29, "transgressed." For the meaning "to come forth or come," see Luke 12:37; 17:7, RV (Acts 24:7 in some mss.). See COME, No. 9.

<2,,1330,dierchomai>
denotes "to pass through or over," (a) of persons, e.g., Matt. 12:43, RV, "passeth (AV, walketh) through;" Mark 4:35, AV, "pass (RV, go) over;" Luke 19:1,4; Heb. 4:14, RV, "passed through" (AV "into"); Christ "passed through" the created heavens to the throne of God; (b) of things, e.g., Matt. 19:24, "to go through;" Luke 2:35, "shall pierce through" (metaphorically of a sword). See COME, No. 5.

<3,,565,aperchomai>
"to go away," is rendered "to pass" in Rev. 9:12; 11:14; "passed away" in Rev. 21:4. See DEPART, No. 4.

<4,,4281,proerchomai>
"to go forward," is translated "passed on" in Acts 12:10. See GO.

<5,,492,antiparerchomai>
denotes "to pass by opposite to" (anti, "over against," and No. 1), Luke 10:31,32.

<6,,1224,diabaino>
"to step across, cross over," is translated "to pass" in Luke 16:26 (of "passing" across the fixed gulf: for the AV in the 2nd part of the ver., see No. 13); in Heb. 11:29, "passed through." See COME, No. 18.

<7,,3327,metabaino>
"to pass over from one place to another" (meta, implying change), is translated "we have passed out of" (AV, "from") in 1 John 3:14, RV, as to the change from death to life. See REMOVE, No. 1.

<8,,390,anastrepho>
lit., "to turn back" (ana, "back," strepho, "to turn"), in the Middle Voice, "to conduct oneself, behave, live," is translated "pass (the time)" in 1 Pet. 1:17. See ABIDE, No. 8.

<9,,3855,parago>
"to pass by, pass away," in Matt. 9:9, RV, "passed by" (AV, "forth"), is used in the Middle Voice in 1 John 2:8, RV, "is passing away" (AV, "is past"), of the "passing" of spiritual darkness through the light of the Gospel, and in 1 John 2:17 of the world. See DEPART, No. 2.

<10,,3899,paraporeuomai>
primarily, "to go beside, accompany" (para, "beside," poreuomai, "to proceed"), denotes "to go past, pass by," Matt. 27:39; Mark 9:30, "passed through" (some mss. have poreuomai); Mark 11:20; 15:29; in Mark 2:23, "going ... through." See GO.

<11,,1279,diaporeuomai>
"to pass across, journey through," is used in the Middle Voice, translated "pass by" in Luke 18:36, AV, RV, "going by." See GO.

<12,,5235,huperballo>
in Eph. 3:19, "passeth:" see EXCEED, A, No. 1.

<13,,5242,huperecho>
"passeth" in Phil. 4:7: see BETTER (be), No. 4.

<14,,1276,diaperao>
"to pass over, cross over" (used in Luke 16:26, 2nd part: see No. 6): see CROSS.

<15,,1353,diodeuo>
"to travel through, or along" (dia, "through," hodos "a way"), is translated "they had passed through" in Acts 17:1, lit., "having passed through;" in Luke 8:1, "He went about," RV (AV, "throughout").

<16,,5562,choreo>
used intransitively, signifies "to make room, retire, pass;" in Matt. 15:17, RV, "passeth (into the belly)," AV, "goeth." See COME, No. 24.

<17,,2673,katargeo>
is translated "was passing away" in 2 Cor. 3:7 (AV, "was to be done away"); "passeth away" in 2 Cor. 3:11, RV (AV, "is done away"). See ABOLISH.

<18,,3944,paroichomai>
"to have passed by, to be gone by," is used in Acts 14:16, of past generations, AV, "(in times) past," RV, "(in the generations) gone by."

Notes: (1) Ginomai, "to become, take place," is often translated "to come to pass;" frequently in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts (note the RV of Luke 24:21); elsewhere in John 13:19; 14:22, RV, "(what) is come to pass...?" AV, "(how) is it...?;" John 14:29 (twice); 1 Thess. 3:4; Rev. 1:1. (2) In Acts 2:17,21; 3:23; Rom. 9:26, the AV translates the future of eimi, "to be," "it shall come to pass" (RV, "it shall be"). (3) In Acts 5:15, AV, erchomai, "to come," is translated "passing by" (RV, "came by"). (4) For the AV, "passing" in Acts 27:8, see COASTING, C. (5) In Mark 6:35; AV, "the time is far passed" (RV, "the day is...far spent") is, lit., "the hour is much (polus)." (6) For huperakmos in 1 Cor. 7:36, RV, "past the flower of her age," see FLOWER.

Passing over <1,,3929,paresis>
primarily "a letting go, dismissal" (akin to pariemi, "to let alone, loosen"), denotes "a passing by" or "praetermission (of sin)," "a suspension of judgment," or "withholding of punishment," Rom. 3:25, RV, "passing over" (AV, "remission"), with reference to sins committed previously to the propitiatory sacrifice of Christ, the "passing by" not being a matter of Divine disregard but of forbearance.

Passion <A-1,Noun,3804,pathema>
"a suffering" or "a passive emotion," is translated "passions" in Rom. 7:5, RV, "(sinful) passions," AV, "motions," and Gal. 5:24, RV; see AFFECTION, A, No. 3, AFFLICT, B, No. 3.

<A-2,Noun,3806,pathos>
see AFFECTION, A, No. 1.

<B-1,Verb,3958,pascho>
"to suffer," is used as a noun, in the aorist infinitive with the article, and translated "passion" in Acts 1:3, of the suffering of Christ at Calvary. See SUFFER.

<C-1,Adjective,3663,homoiopathes>
"of like feelings or affections" (homoios, "like," and A, No. 2; Eng., "homeopathy"), is rendered "of like passions" in Acts 14:15 (RV marg., "nature"); in Jas. 5:17, RV, ditto (AV, "subject to like passions").

Passover <1,,3957,pascha>
the Greek spelling of the Aramaic word for the Passover, from the Hebrew pasach, "to pass over, to spare," a feast instituted by God in commemoration of the deliverance of Israel from Egypt, and anticipatory of the expiatory sacrifice of Christ. The word signifies (I) "the Passover Feast," e.g., Matt. 26:2; John 2:13,23; 6:4; 11:55; 12:1; 13:1; 18:39; 19:14; Acts 12:4; Heb. 11:28; (II) by metonymy, (a) "the Paschal Supper," Matt. 26:18,19; Mark 14:16; Luke 22:8,13; (b) "the Paschal lamb," e.g., Mark 14:12 (cp. Exod. 12:21); Luke 22:7; (c) "Christ Himself," 1 Cor. 5:7.

Past <A-1,Verb,1096,ginomai>
"to become, come to pass," is translated "was past" in Luke 9:36, AV, and RV marg. (RV, "came"), of the voice of God the Father at the Transfiguration; "is past," 2 Tim. 2:18.

<A-2,Verb,1230,diaginomai>
dia, "through," a stronger form than No. 1, used of time, denotes "to intervene, elapse, pass," Mark 16:1, "was past;" Acts 25:13, RV, "were passed;" Acts 27:9, "was spent."

<A-3,Verb,4266,proginomai>
"to happen before" (pro, before, and No. 1), is used in Rom. 3:25, AV, "that are past" (RV, "done aforetime"), of sins committed in times previous to the atoning sacrifice of Christ (see PASSING OVER).

Note: For the past tense of the verb "to pass," see PASS, e.g., Nos. 1 and 17.

<B-1,Particle,4218,pote>
"once, formerly, sometime," is translated "in time (or times) past," in Rom. 11:30; Gal. 1:13; Gal 1:23, AV (RV, "once"); Eph. 2:2,11 (RV, "aforetime"); Eph. 2:3 (RV, "once"); Philem. 1:11 (RV, "aforetime"); 1 Pet. 2:10.

Pastor <1,,4166,poimen>
"a shepherd, one who tends herds or flocks" (not merely one who feeds them), is used metaphorically of Christian "pastors," Eph. 4:11. "Pastors" guide as well as feed the flock; cp. Acts 20:28, which, with ver. 17, indicates that this was the service committed to elders (overseers or bishops); so also in 1 Pet. 5:1, 2, "tend the flock ... exercising the oversight," RV; this involves tender care and vigilant superintendence. See SHEPHERD.

Pasture <1,,3542,nome>
denotes (a) "pasture, pasturage," figuratively in John 10:9; (b) "grazing, feeding," figuratively in 2 Tim. 2:17, of the doctrines of false teachers, lit., "their word will have feeding as a gangrene." See EAT.

Path <1,,5147,tribos>
"a beaten track" (akin to tribo, "to rub, wear down"), "a path," is used in Matt. 3:3; Mark 1:3; Luke 3:4.

<2,,5163,trochia>
"the track of a wheel" (trochos, "a wheel;" trecho, "to run"), hence, "a track, path," is used figuratively in Heb. 12:13. In the Sept., Prov. 2:15; 4:11,26,27; 5:6,21; in some texts, Ezek. 27:19.

Patience, Patient, Patiently <A-1,Noun,5281,hupomone>
lit., "an abiding under" (hupo, "under," meno, "to abide"), is almost invariably rendered "patience." "Patience, which grows only in trial, Jas. 1:3, may be passive, i.e., == "endurance," as, (a) in trials, generally, Luke 21:19 (which is to be understood by Matt. 24:13); cp. Rom. 12:12; Jas. 1:12; (b) in trials incident to service in the gospel, 2 Cor. 6:4; 12:12; 2 Tim. 3:10; (c) under chastisement, which is trial viewed as coming from the hand of God our Father, Heb. 12:7; (d) under undeserved affliction, 1 Pet. 2:20; or active, i.e. == "persistence, perseverance," as (e) in well doing, Rom. 2:7 (AV, "patient continuance"); (f) in fruit bearing, Luke 8:15; (g) in running the appointed race, Heb. 12:1.

"Patience perfects Christian character, Jas. 1:4, and fellowship in the patience of Christ is therefore the condition upon which believers are to be admitted to reign with Him, 2 Tim. 2:12; Rev. 1:9. For this patience believers are 'strengthened with all power,' Col. 1:11, 'through His Spirit in the inward man,' Eph. 3:16.

"In 2 Thess. 3:5, the phrase "the patience of Christ,' RV, is possible of three interpretations, (a) the patient waiting for Christ, so AV paraphrases the words, (b) that they might be patient in their sufferings as Christ was in His, see Heb. 12:2, (c) that since Christ is "expecting till His enemies be made the footstool of His feet,' Heb. 10:13, so they might be patient also in their hopes of His triumph and their deliverance. While a too rigid exegesis is to be avoided, it may, perhaps, be permissible to paraphrase: 'the Lord teach and enable you to love as God loves, and to be patient as Christ is patient." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians by Hogg and Vine, pp. 222,285.]

In Rev. 3:10, "the word of My patience" is the word which tells of Christ's patience, and its effects in producing "patience" on the part of those who are His (see above on 2 Thess. 3:5).

<A-2,Noun,3115,makrothumia>
"long-suffering" (see B, No. 2), is rendered "patience" in Heb. 6:12; Jas. 5:10; see LONGSUFFERING.

<B-1,Verb,5278,hupomeno>
akin to A, No. 1, (a) used intransitively, means "to tarry behind, still abide," Luke 2:43; Acts 17:14; (b) transitively, "to wait for," Rom. 8:24 (in some mss.), "to bear patiently, endure," translated "patient" (present participle) in Rom. 12:12; "ye take it patiently," 1 Pet. 2:20 (twice). See also under A, No. 1.

<B-2,Verb,3114,makrothumeo>
akin to A, No. 2, "to be long-tempered," is translated "to have patience," or "to be patient," in Matt. 18:26,29; 1 Thess. 5:14, AV (RV, "be longsuffering"); Jas. 5:7 (1st part, "be patient;" 2nd part, RV, "being patient," AV, "hath long patience"); in Heb. 6:15, RV, "having (AV, after he had) patiently endured." See LONGSUFFERING.

Notes: (Adjectives). (1) For epieikes, translated "patient" in 1 Tim. 3:3, AV, see GENTLE. (2) For anexikakos, translated, "patient" in 2 Tim. 2:24, AV, see FOREBEAR.

<C-1,Adjective,3116,makrothumos>
akin to A, No. 2, and B, No. 2, denotes "patiently" Acts 26:3.

Patriarch <1,,3966,patriarches>
from patria, "a family," and archo, "to rule," is found in Acts 2:29; 7:8,9; Heb. 7:4. In the Sept., 1 Chron. 24:31; 27:22; 2 Chron. 19:8; 23:20; 26:12.

Pattern <A-1,Noun,5179,tupos>
is translated "pattern" in Titus 2:7, AV; Heb. 8:5 (AV and RV). See ENSAMPLE.

<A-2,Noun,5296,hupotuposis>
is translated "pattern" in 1 Tim. 1:16, AV; 2 Tim. 1:13, RV. See ENSAMPLE, FORM.

<A-3,Noun,5262,hupodeigma>
is translated "patterns" in Heb. 9:23, AV. See COPY.

<B-1,Adjective,499,antitupos>
is translated "like in pattern" in Heb. 9:24, RV. See FIGURE, No. 2.

Pavement <1,,3038,lithostrotos>
an adjective, denoting "paved with stones" (lithos, "a stone," and stronnuo, "to spread"), especially of tessellated work, is used as a noun in John 19:13, of a place near the Praetorium in Jerusalem, called Gabbatha, a Greek transliteration of an Aramaic word. In the Sept., 2 Chron. 7:3; Esth. 1:6; Song of Sol. 3:10.

Pay (Verb), Payment <1,,591,apodidomi>
"to give back, to render what is due, to pay," used of various obligations in this respect, is translated "to pay, to make payment," in Matt. 5:26; 18:25 (twice),26,28,29,30,34; 20:8; RV (AV, "give"). See DELIVER.

<2,,5055,teleo>
"to bring to an end, complete, fulfill," has the meaning "to pay" in Matt. 17:24; Rom. 13:6. See ACCOMPLISH.

Notes: 17:24; Rom. 23:23, AV, apodekatoo, "to tithe," is translated "ye pay tithe" (RV, "ye tithe"). (2) In Heb. 7:9, dekatoo (Passive Voice), "to pay tithe," is translated "hath paid tithes," RV (perfect tense). See TITHE.

Peace, Peaceable, Peaceably <A-1,Noun,1515,eirene>
"occurs in each of the books of the NT, save 1 John and save in Acts 7:26 ['(at) one again'] it is translated "peace" in the RV. It describes (a) harmonious relationships between men, Matt. 10:34; Rom. 14:19; (b) between nations, Luke 14:32; Acts 12:20; Rev. 6:4; (c) friendliness, Acts 15:33; 1 Cor. 16:11; Heb. 11:31; (d) freedom from molestation, Luke 11:21; 19:42; Acts 9:31 (RV, 'peace,' AV, 'rest'); 16:36; (e) order, in the State, Acts 24:2 (RV, 'peace,' AV, 'quietness'); in the churches, 1 Cor. 14:33; (f) the harmonized relationships between God and man, accomplished through the gospel, Acts 10:36; Eph. 2:17; (g) the sense of rest and contentment consequent thereon, Matt. 10:13; Mark 5:34; Luke 1:79; 2:29; John 14:27; Rom. 1:7; 3:17; 8:6; in certain passages this idea is not distinguishable from the last, Rom. 5:1." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians by Hogg and Vine, p. 154.]

"The God of peace" is a title used in Rom. 15:33; 16:20; Phil. 4:9; 1 Thess. 5:23; Heb. 13:20; cp. 1 Cor. 14:33; 2 Cor. 13:11. The corresponding Heb. word shalom primarily signifies "wholeness:" see its use in Josh. 8:31, "unhewn;" Ruth 2:12, "full;" Neh. 6:15, "finished;" Isa. 42:19, marg., "made perfect." Hence there is a close connection between the title in 1 Thess. 5:23 and the word holokleros, "entire," in that verse. In the Sept. shalom is often rendered by soteria, "salvation, e.g., Gen. 26:31; 41:16; hence the "peace-offering" is called the "salvation offering." Cp. Luke 7:50; 8:48. In 2 Thess. 3:16, the title "the Lord of peace" is best understood as referring to the Lord Jesus. In Acts 7:26, "would have set them at one" is, lit., "was reconciling them (conative imperfect tense, expressing an earnest effort) into peace."

<B-1,Verb,1514,eireneuo>
primarily, "to bring to peace, reconcile," denotes in the NT, "to keep peace or to be at peace:" in Mark 9:50, RV, the Lord bids the disciples "be at peace" with one another, gently rebuking their ambitious desires; in Rom. 12:18 (RV, "be at peace," AV, "live peaceably") the limitation "if it be possible, as much as in you lieth," seems due to the phrase "with all men," but is not intended to excuse any evasion of the obligation imposed by the command; in 2 Cor. 13:11 it is rendered "live in peace," a general exhortation to believers; in 1 Thess. 5:13, "be at peace (among yourselves)."

<B-2,Verb,1517,eirenopoieo>
"to make peace" (eirene, and poieo, "to make"), is used in Col. 1:20. In the Sept., Prov. 10:10.

<C-1,Adjective,1516,eirenikos>
akin to A, denotes "peaceful." It is used (a) of the fruit of righteousness, Heb. 12:11, "peaceable" (or "peaceful") because it is produced in communion with God the Father, through His chastening; (b) of "the wisdom that is from above," Jas. 3:17.

Note: In 1 Tim. 2:2, AV, hesuchios, "quiet," is translated "peaceable" (RV, "quiet").

Peace (hold one's) <1,,4601,sigao>
signifies (a), used intransitively, "to be silent" (from sige, "silence"), translated "to hold one's peace," in Luke 9:36; 18:39; 20:26; Acts 12:17; 15:13 (in Acts 15:12, "kept silence;" similarly rendered in 1 Cor. 14:28,30, AV, "hold his peace," 1 Cor. 14:34); (b) used transitively, "to keep secret;" in the Passive Voice, "to be kept secret," Rom. 16:25, RV, "hath been kept in silence." See SECRET, SILENCE.

<2,,4623,siopao>
"to be silent or still, to keep silence" (from siope, "silence"), is translated "to hold one's peace," in Matt. 20:31; 26:63; Mark 3:4; 9:34; 10:48; 14:61; Luke 19:40; Acts 18:9; in the Lord's command to the sea, in Mark 4:39, it is translated "peace" (for the next word "be still" see No. 4); in Luke 1:20, RV, "thou shalt be silent" (AV, "dumb"). See DUMB, B.

<3,,2270,hesuchazo>
signifies "to be still;" it is used of "holding one's peace," being "silent," Luke 14:4; Acts 11:18; 21:14, "we ceased." See CEASE, A, No. 3, QUIET.

<4,,5392,phimoo>
"to muzzle," is used metaphorically in the Passive Voice, in Mark 1:25; Luke 4:35, "hold thy peace;" in Mark 4:39, "be still." See MUZZLE.

Peacemaker <1,,1518,eirenopoios>
an adjective signifying peace making (eirene, and poieo, "to make"), is used in Matt. 5:9, "peacemakers." Cp. PEACE, B, No. 2.

Pearl <1,,3135,margarites>
"a pearl" (Eng., Margaret), occurs in Matt. 7:6 (proverbially and figuratively); 13:45,46; 1 Tim. 2:9; Rev. 17:4; 18:12,16; 21:21 (twice).

Peculiar * For PECULIAR see POSSESSION, B, No. 3, and C

Pen <1,,2563,kalamos>
"a reed, reed pipe, flute, staff, measuring rod," is used of a "writing-reed" or "pen" in 3 John 1:13. This was used on papyrus. Different instruments were used on different materials; the kalamos may have been used also on leather. "Metal pens in the form of a reed or quill have been found in the so-called Grave of Aristotle at Eretria." See REED.

Pence, Penny, Pennyworth <1,,1220,denarion>
a Roman coin, a denarius, a little less than the value of the Greek drachme (see PIECE), now estimated as amounting to about 9 1/2d. in the time of our Lord, occurs in the singular, e.g., Matt. 20:2; 22:19; Mark 12:15; Rev. 6:6; in the plural, e.g., Matt. 18:28; Mark 14:5; Luke 7:41; 10:35; John 12:5; "pennyworth" in Mark 6:37; John 6:7, lit., "(loaves of two hundred) pence." Considering the actual value, "shilling" would have been a more accurate translation, as proposed by the American translators, retaining "penny" for the as, and "farthing" for the quadrans.

Pentecost <1,,4005,pentekostos>
an adjective denoting "fifieth," is used as a noun, with "day" understood, i.e., the "fifieth" day after the Passover, counting from the second day of the Feast, Acts 2:1; 20:16; 1 Cor. 16:8. For the Divine instructions of Israel see Exod. 23:16; 34:22; Lev. 23:15-21; Num. 28:26-31; Deut. 16:9-11.

Penury * For PENURY (Luke 21:4, AV, RV, "want") see LACK

People <1,,2992,laos>
is used of (a) "the people at large," especially of people assembled, e.g., Matt. 27:25; Luke 1:21; 3:15; Acts 4:27; (b) "a people of the same race and language," e.g., Rev. 5:9; in the plural, e.g., Luke 2:31; Rom. 15:11; Rev. 7:9; 11:9; especially of Israel, e.g., Matt. 2:6; 4:23; John 11:50; Acts 4:8; Heb. 2:17; in distinction from their rulers and priests, e.g., Matt. 26:5; Luke 20:19; Heb. 5:3; in distinction from Gentiles, e.g., Acts 26:17,23; Rom. 15:10; (c) of Christians as the people of God, e.g., Acts 15:14; Titus 2:14; Heb. 4:9; 1 Pet. 2:9.

<2,,3793,ochlos>
"a crowd, throng:" see CROWD, MULTITUDE.

<3,,1218,demos>
"the common people, the people generally" (Eng., "demagogue," "democracy," etc.), especially the mass of the "people " assembled in a public place, Acts 12:22; 17:5; 19:30,33.

<4,,1484,ethnos>
denotes (a) "a nation," e.g., Matt. 24:7; Acts 10:35; "the Jewish people," e.g., Luke 7:5; Acts 10:22; 28:19; (b) in the plural, "the rest of mankind" in distinction from Israel or the Jews, e.g., Matt. 4:15; Acts 28:28; (c) "the people of a city," Acts 8:9; (d) Gentile Christians, e.g., Rom. 10:19; 11:13; 15:27; Gal. 2:14. See GENTILES, NATION.

<5,,444,anthropos>
"man," without distinction of sex (cp. aner, "a male"), is translated "people" in John 6:10, RV (AV, "men").

Peradventure <A-1,Adverb,5029,tacha>
primarily "quickly" (from tachus, "quick"), signifies "peradventure" in Rom. 5:7; in Philem. 1:15, "perhaps." See PERHAPS.

<B-1,Conjunction,3379,mepote>
often written as two words, usually signifies "lest ever, lest haply, haply;" in indirect questions, "if haply" or "whether haply," e.g., Luke 3:15, RV; in Matt. 25:9, RV, "peradventure" (AV, "lest"); "if peradventure," in 2 Tim. 2:25. See HAPLY.

Perceive <1,,1097,ginosko>
"to know by experience and observation," is translated "to perceive" in Matt. 12:15, RV (AV, "knew"); Matt. 16:8; 21:45; 22:18; 26:10, RV, (AV, "understood"); Mark 8:17; 12:12; 15:10, RV (AV, "knew"); so Luke 9:11; 18:34; in Luke 7:39, RV (AV, "known"); Luke 20:19 (cp. No. 7 in ver. 23); John 6:15; 8:27, RV (AV, "understood"); John 16:19, RV (AV, "knew"); Acts 23:6; Gal. 2:9; in 1 John 3:16, AV, "perceive" (RV, "know," perfect tense, lit., "we have perceived," and therefore "know"). See KNOW.

<2,,1921,epiginosko>
a strengthened form of No. 1, "to gain a full knowledge of, to become fully acquainted with," is translated "to perceive" in Mark 5:30, RV (AV, "Knowing"); Luke 1:22; 5:22; Acts 19:34, RV (AV, "knew"). See ACKNOWLEDGE, KNOW.

<3,,3708,eidon>
(akin to oida, "to know"), an aorist form used to supply that tense of horao, "to see," is translated "to perceive" in Matt. 13:14; Mark 4:12; Acts 28:26; in Luke 9:47, AV (RV, "saw"); in Acts 14:9, AV, "perceiving" (RV, "seeing"). See BEHOLD, No. 1.

<4,,2334,theoreo>
"to be a spectator of, look at, discern," is translated "to perceive" in John 4:19 (indicating the woman's earnest contemplation of the Lord); so Acts 17:22; in John 12:19, RV, "behold" (AV, "perceive ye"). See BEHOLD, No. 6.

<5,,143,aisthanomai>
"to perceive, to notice, understand," is used in Luke 9:45, RV, "(that they should not) perceive," AV, "(that) they perceived ... (not)."

<6,,3539,noeo>
"to perceive with the mind, to understand," is translated "to perceive" in Matt. 15:17, RV (AV, "understand"); so 16:9,11; John 12:40; Rom. 1:20; Eph. 3:4; in Mark 7:18; 8:17, AV and RV, "perceive." See CONSIDER, No. 4.

<7,,2657,katanoeo>
a strengthened form of No. 6, "to take note of, consider carefully," is translated "to perceive" in Luke 6:41, AV (RV, "considerest"); Luke 20:23; Acts 27:39, RV (AV, "discovered"). See BEHOLD, No. 11.

<8,,2638,katalambano>
"to lay hold of, apprehend, comprehend," is translated "to perceive" in Acts 4:13; 10:34. See APPREHEND, No. 1.

Notes: (1) In Mark 12:28 the best mss. have oida, "to know" (so RV), for eidon, "to see, perceive" (AV). (2) In Acts 8:23, AV, horao, "to see," is translated "I perceive" (RV, "I see"). (3) In 2 Cor. 7:8, AV, blepo, "to look at, consider, see," is translated "I perceive" (RV, "I (see"). (4) In Acts 23:29, AV, heurisko, "to see"). (4) In Acts 23:29, AV, heurisko, "to find," is translated "perceived" (RV, "found").

Perdition * For PERDITION see DESTRUCTION, No. 1

Perfect (Adjective and Verb), Perfectly <A-1,Adjective,5049,teleios>
signifies "having reached its end" (telos), "finished, complete, perfect." It is used (I) of persons, (a) primarily of physical development, then, with ethical import, "fully grown, mature," 1 Cor. 2:6; 14:20 ("men;" marg., "of full age"); Eph. 4:13; Phil. 3:15; Col. 1:28; 4:12; in Heb. 5:14, RV, "fullgrown" (marg., "perfect"), AV, "of full age" (marg., "perfect"); (b) "complete," conveying the idea of goodness without necessary reference to maturity or what is expressed under (a), Matt. 5:48; 19:21; Jas. 1:4 (2nd part); 3:2. It is used thus of God in Matt. 5:48; (II) of "things, complete, perfect," Rom. 12:2; 1 Cor. 13:10 (referring to the complete revelation of God's will and ways, whether in the completed Scriptures or in the hereafter); Jas. 1:4 (of the work of patience); Jas 1:25; 1 John 4:18.

<A-2,Adjective,5046,teleioteros>
the comparative degree of No. 1, is used in Heb. 9:11, of the very presence of God.

<A-3,Adjective,739,artios>
is translated "perfect" in 2 Tim. 3:17: see COMPLETE, B.

<B-1,Verb,5048,teleioo>
"to bring to an end by completing or perfecting," is used (I) of "accomplishing" (see FINISH, FULFILL); (II) of "bringing to completeness," (a) of persons: of Christ's assured completion of His earthly course, in the accomplishment of the Father's will, the successive stages culminating in His death, Luke 13:32; Heb. 2:10, to make Him "perfect," legally and officially, for all that He would be to His people on the ground of His sacrifice; cp. 5:9; 7:28, RV, "perfected" (AV, "consecrated"); of His saints, John 17:23, RV, "perfected" (AV, "made perfect"); Phil. 3:12; Heb. 10:14; 11:40 (of resurrection glory); 12:23 (of the departed saints); 1 John 4:18; of former priests (negatively), Heb. 9:9; similarly of Israelites under the Aaronic priesthood, Heb. 10:1; (b) of things, Heb. 7:19 (of the ineffectiveness of the Law); Jas. 2:22 (of faith made "perfect" by works); 1 John 2:5, of the love of God operating through him who keeps His word; 1 John 4:12, of the love of God in the case of those who love one another; 1 John 4:17, of the love of God as "made perfect with" (RV) those who abide in God, giving them to be possessed of the very character of God, by reason of which "as He is, even so are they in this world."

<B-2,Verb,2005,epiteleo>
"to bring through to the end" (epi, intensive, in the sense of "fully," and teleo, "to complete"), is used in the Middle Voice in Gal. 3:3, "are ye (now) perfected," continuous present tense, indicating a process, lit., "are ye now perfecting yourselves;" in 2 Cor. 7:1, "perfecting (holiness);" in Phil. 1:6, RV, "will perfect (it)," AV, "will perform." See ACCOMPLISH, No. 4.

<B-3,Verb,2675,katartizo>
"to render fit, complete" (artios), "is used of mending nets, Matt. 4:21; Mark 1:19, and is translated 'restore' in Gal. 6:1. It does not necessarily imply, however, that that to which it is applied has been damaged, though it may do so, as in these passages; it signifies, rather, right ordering and arrangement, Heb. 11:3, 'framed;" it points out the path of progress, as in Matt. 21:16; Luke 6:40; cp. 2 Cor. 13:9; Eph. 4:12, where corresponding nouns occur. It indicates the close relationship between character and destiny, Rom. 9:22, 'fitted.' It expresses the pastor's desire for the flock, in prayer, Heb. 13:21, and in exhortation, 1 Cor. 1:10, RV, 'perfected' (AV, 'perfectly joined'); 2 Cor. 13:11, as well as his conviction of God's purpose for them, 1 Pet. 5:10. It is used of the Incarnation of the Word in Heb. 10:5, 'prepare,' quoted from Ps. 40:6 (Sept.), where it is apparently intended to describe the unique creative act involved in the Virgin Birth, Luke 1:35. In 1 Thess. 3:10 it means to supply what is necessary, as the succeeding words show."* [* From Notes on Thessalonians by Hogg and Vine, p. 101. See FIT, B, No. 3.

Note: Cp. exartizo, rendered "furnished completely," in 2 Tim. 3:17, RV; see ACCOMPLISH, No. 1.

<C-1,Adverb,199,akribos>
accurately, is translated "perfectly" in 1 Thess. 5:2, where it suggests that Paul and his companions were careful ministers of the Word. See ACCURATELY, and see Note (2) below.

<C-2,Adverb,197,akribesteron>
the comparative degree of No. 1, Acts 18:26; 23:15: see CAREFULLY, EXACTLY.

<C-3,Adverb,5049,teleios>
"perfectly," is so translated in 1 Pet. 1:13, RV (AV, "to the end"), of setting one's hope on coming grace. See END.

Notes: (1) In Rev. 3:2, AV, pleroo, "to fulfill," is translated "perfect" (RV, "fulfilled"). (2) For the adverb akribos in Luke 1:3, AV, see ACCURATELY: in Acts 24:22, AV, see EXACT. (3) For the noun akribeia in Acts 22:3, see MANNER.

Perfection, Perfecting (Noun), Perfectness <A-1,Noun,2676,katartisis>
"a making fit," is used figuratively in an ethical sense in 2 Cor. 13:9, RV, "perfecting" (AV, "perfection"), implying a process leading to consummation (akin to katartizo, see PERFECT, B, No. 3).

<A-2,Noun,2677,katartismos>
denotes, in much the same way as No. 1, "a fitting or preparing fully," Eph. 4:12.

<A-3,Noun,5050,teleiosis>
denotes "a fulfillment, completion, perfection, and end accomplished as the effect of a process," Heb. 7:11; in Luke 1:45, RV, "fulfillment" (AV, "performance").

<A-4,Noun,5047,teleiotes>
denotes much the same as No. 3, but stressing perhaps the actual accomplishment of the end in view, Col. 3:14, "perfectness;" Heb. 6:1, "perfection." In the Sept., Judg. 9:16,19; Prov. 11:3; Jer. 2:2.

<B-1,Verb,5052,telesphoreo>
"to bring to a completion" or "an end in view" (telos, "an end," phero, "to bear"), is said of plants, Luke 8:14.

Perform, Performance <1,,5055,teleo>
"to finish," is translated "performed" in Luke 2:39, AV: see ACCOMPLISH, No. 3.

<2,,658,apoteleo>
"to bring to an end, accomplish," is translated "I perform" in Luke 13:32, RV (AV, "I do"); some mss. have No. 3; in Jas. 1:15, it is used of sin, "fullgrown" RV (AV, "finished"). See FINISH, Note 2.

<3,,2005,epiteleo>
Rom. 15:28, AV, "performed" (RV, "accomplished"); 2 Cor. 8:11, AV, "perform" (RV, "complete"); Phil. 1:6, AV, "perform" (RV, "perfect"): see ACCOMPLISH, No. 4.

<4,,4160,poieo>
"to do," is translated "to perform" in Rom. 4:21; in Luke 1:72, AV (RV, "to show"). See SHEW.

<5,,591,apodidomi>
"to give back, or in full," is translated "thou ... shalt perform" in Matt. 5:33. See DELIVER. No. 3.

Notes: (1) In Rom. 7:18, AV, katergazomai, "to work," is translated "to perform" (RV, "to do;" marg., "work"). (2) In Luke 1:20, AV, ginomai, "to come to pass" (RV), is translated "shall be performed." (3) For "performance" in Luke 1:45, see FULFILLMENT.

Perhaps <1,,5029,tacha>
is translated "perhaps" in Philem. 1:15. See PERADVENTURE.

<2,,686,ara>
a particle, "then," sometimes marking a result about which some uncertainty is felt, is translated "perhaps" in Acts 8:22.

Note: In 2 Cor. 2:7, AV, pos, "anyhow," "by any means" (RV), is translated "perhaps."

Peril * For PERIL, see DANGER, Note: PERILOUS see GRIEVOUS

Perish <1,,622,apollumi>
"to destroy," signifies, in the Middle Voice, "to perish," and is thus used (a) of things, e.g., Matt. 5:29,30; Luke 5:37; Acts 27:34, RV, "perish" (in some texts pipto, "to fall," as AV); Heb. 1:11; 2 Pet. 3:6; Rev. 18:14 (2nd part), RV, "perished" (in some texts aperchomai, "to depart," as AV); (b) of persons, e.g., Matt. 8:25; John 3:15,16; 10:28; 17:12, RV, "perished" (AV, "is lost"); Rom. 2:12; 1 Cor. 1:18, lit., "the perishing," where the perfective force of the verb implies the completion of the process of destruction (Moulton, Proleg., p. 114); 1 Cor. 8:11; 15:18; 2 Pet. 3:9; Jude 1:11. For the meaning of the word see DESTROY, No. 1.

<2,,4881,sunapollumi>
in the Middle Voice, denotes "to perish together" (sun, "with," and No. 1), Heb. 11:31.

<3,,599,apothnesko>
"to die;" in Matt. 8:32 "perished," See DIE, No. 2.

<4,,853,aphanizo>
"to make unseen" (a, negative, phaino, "to cause to appear"), in the Passive Voice, is translated "perish" in Acts 13:41 (RV, marg., "vanish away"). See DISFIGURE.

<5,,1311,diaphtheiro>
"to corrupt," is rendered "perish" in 2 Cor. 4:16, AV (RV, "is decaying"). See CORRUPT, No. 3, DECAY.

Notes: (1) In Acts 8:20, "(thy money) perish" is a translation of a phrase, lit, "be unto destruction," apoleia; see DESTRUCTION, B, (II), No. 1. (2) In Col. 2:22, "to perish" is a translation of the phrase eis pthoran, lit., "unto corruption;" see CORRUPT, B, No. 1. (3) For "shall utterly perish," in 2 Pet. 2:12, AV, see CORRUPT, B, No. 1 (b).

Perjured person * For PERJURED PERSON see FORSWEAR

Permission <1,,4774,sungnome>
lit., "a joint opinion, mind or understanding" (sun, "with," gnome, "an opinion"), "a fellow feeling," hence, "a concession, allowance," is translated "permission," in contrast to "commandment," in 1 Cor. 7:6.

Permit <1,,2010,epitrepo>
lit., "to turn to" (epi, "to," trepo, "to turn"), "to entrust," signifies "to permit," Acts 26:1; 1 Cor. 14:34; 1 Cor. 16:7; 1 Tim. 2:12, RV "permit" (AV, "suffer"); Heb. 6:3. See LEAVE.

Pernicious * For PERNICIOUS, 2 Pet. 2:2, AV, see LASCIVIOUS