<B-1,Adjective,421,anexichniastos>
signifies "that cannot be traced out" (a, negative, ex, for ek, "out," ichnos, "a track"), is rendered "past tracing out" in Rom. 11:33, RV (AV, "past finding out"); in Eph. 3:8, "unsearchable." See FIND, Note (3), UNSEARCHABLE. In the Sept., Job 5:9; 9:10; 34:24.

Trade (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Verb,2038,ergazomai>
"to work," is rendered "traded" in Matt. 25:16; in Rev. 18:17, AV, "trade," RV, "gain their living." See COMMIT, DO, LABOR, B, Note (1), MINISTER, WORK.

<A-2,Verb,4231,pragmateuomai>
is rendered "trade ye" in Luke 19:13, RV, which adds "herewith:" see OCCUPY.

<A-3,Verb,1281,diapragmateuomai>
"to accomplish by traffic, to gain by trading," occurs in Luke 19:15.

<A-4,Verb,1710,emporeuomai>
is rendered "trade" in Jas. 4:13, RV: see BUY, Note, MERCHANDISE, B.

<B-1,Noun,5078,techne>
"an art" (Eng., "technique," "technical"), is used in Acts 18:3 (2nd part) of a "trade," RV (AV, "occupation"). For the 1st part see Note below. See ART.

<B-2,Noun,3313,meros>
"a portion," is used of "a trade" in Acts 19:27. See CRAFT, No. 5.

Note: For the adjective homotechnos, "of the same trade," Acts 18:3, 1st part, RV, see CRAFT, No. 4.

Tradition <1,,3862,paradosis>
"a handing down or on" (akin to paradidomi, "to hand over, deliver"), denotes "a tradition," and hence, by metonymy, (a) "the teachings of the rabbis," interpretations of the Law, which was thereby made void in practice, Matt. 15:2,3,6; Mark 7:3,5,8,9,13; Gal. 1:14; Col. 2:8; (b) of "apostolic teaching," 1 Cor. 11:2, RV, "traditions" (AV, "ordinances"), of instructions concerning the gatherings of believers (instructions of wider scope than ordinances in the limited sense); in 2 Thess. 2:15, of Christian doctrine in general, where the Apostle's use of the word constitutes a denial that what he preached originated with himself, and a claim for its Divine authority (cp. paralambano, "to receive," 1 Cor. 11:23; 15:3); in 2 Thess. 3:6, it is used of instructions concerning everyday conduct.

Train * For TRAIN, Titus 2:4, RV, see SOBER, B, No. 3

Traitor <1,,4273,prodotes>
denotes "a betrayer, traitor;" the latter term is assigned to Judas, virtually as a title, in Luke 6:16; in 2 Tim. 3:4 it occurs in a list of evil characters, foretold as abounding in the last days. See BETRAY, B.

Trample <1,,2662,katapateo>
"to tread down, trample under foot," is rendered "trample" in Matt. 7:6. See TREAD, No. 2.

Trance <1,,1611,ekstasis>
for which see AMAZE, A, No. 1, denotes "a trance" in Acts 10:10; 11:5; 22:17, a condition in which ordinary consciousness and the perception of natural circumstances were withheld, and the soul was susceptible only to the vision imparted by God.

Tranquil * For TRANQUIL, 1 Tim. 2:2, RV, see QUIET, No. 1

Transfer * For TRANSFER (in a figure) see FASHION, C, No. 1, and FIGURE, Note (2).

Transfigure <1,,3339,metamorphoo>
"to change into another form" (meta, implying change, and morphe, "form:" see FORM, No. 1), is used in the Passive Voice (a) of Christ's "transfiguration," Matt. 17:2; Mark 9:2; Luke (in Luke 9:29) avoids this term, which might have suggested to gentile readers the metamorphoses of heathen gods, and uses the phrase egeneto heteron, "was altered," lit., "became (ginomai) different (heteros);" (b) of believers, Rom. 12:2, "be ye transformed," the obligation being to undergo a complete change which, under the power of God, will find expression in character and conduct; morphe lays stress on the inward change, schema (see the preceding verb in that verse, suschematizo) lays stress on the outward (see FASHION, No. 3, FORM, No. 2); the present continuous tenses indicate a process; 2 Cor. 3:18 describes believers as being "transformed (RV) into the same image" (i.e., of Christ in all His moral excellencies), the change being effected by the Holy Spirit.

Transform <1,,3339,metamorphoo>
is rendered "transformed" in Rom. 12:2: see TRANSFIGURE.

<2,,3345,metaschematizo>
in the Passive Voice is rendered "to be transformed" in the AV of 2 Cor. 11:13,14,15: see FASHION, C, No. 1.

Transgress, Transgression <A-1,Verb,3845,parabaino>
lit., "to go aside" (para), hence "to go beyond," is chiefly used metaphorically of "transgressing" the tradition of the elders, Matt. 15:2; the commandment of God, Matt. 15:3; in Acts 1:25, of Judas, AV, "by transgression fell" (RV, "fell away"); in 2 John 1:9 some texts have this verb (AV, "transgresseth"), the best have proago (see GO, No. 10).

<A-2,Verb,5233,huperbaino>
lit., "to go over" (huper), used metaphorically and rendered "transgress" in 1 Thess. 4:6 (AV, "go beyond"), i.e., of "overstepping" the limits separating chastity from licentiousness, sanctification from sin.

<A-3,Verb,3928,parerchomai>
"to come by" (para, "by," erchomai, "to come"), "pass over," and hence, metaphorically, "to transgress," is so used in Luke 15:29. See COME, No. 9, PASS.

<B-1,Noun,3847,parabasis>
akin to A, No. 1, primarily "a going aside," then, "an overstepping," is used metaphorically to denote "transgression" (always of a breach of law): (a) of Adam, Rom. 5:14; (b) of Eve, 1 Tim. 2:14; (c) negatively, where there is no law, since "transgression" implies the violation of law, none having been enacted between Adam's "transgression" and those under the Law, Rom. 4:15; (d) of "transgressions" of the Law, Gal. 3:19, where the statement "it was added because of transgressions" is best understood according to Rom. 4:15; 5:13; 5:20; the Law does not make men sinners, but makes them "transgressors;" hence sin becomes "exceeding sinful," Rom. 7:7,13. Conscience thus had a standard external to itself; by the Law men are taught their inability to yield complete obedience to God, that thereby they may become convinced of their need of a Savior; in Rom. 2:23, RV, "transgression (of the Law)," AV, "breaking (the Law);" Heb. 2:2; 9:15.

<B-2,Noun,3892,paranomia>
"lawbreaking" (para, "contrary to, nomos, "law"), is rendered "transgression" in 2 Pet. 2:16, RV (AV, "iniquity").

Note: In 1 John 3:4 (1st part), AV, poieo, "to do," with anomia, "lawlessness," is rendered "transgresseth ... the law" (RV, "doeth ... lawlessness"); in the 2nd part anomia alone is rendered "transgression of the law," AV (RV, "lawlessness").

Transgressor <1,,3848,parabates>
lit. and primarily, "one who stands beside," then, "one who oversteps the prescribed limit, a transgressor" (akin to parabaino, "to transgress," see above); so Rom. 2:25, RV (AV, "a breaker"); 2:27, RV, "a transgressor" (AV, "dost transgress"); Gal. 2:18; Jas. 2:9,11.

Note: Hamartolos, "a sinner, one who misses the mark," is applicable to all men without distinction; parabates stresses the positive side of sin, and is applicable to those who received the Law.

<2,,459,anomos>
"without law" (a, negative), is translated "transgressors" in Luke 22:37 (in some texts, Mark 15:28), in a quotation from Isa. 53:12. See LAW, C, No. 3, LAWLESS, A.

Translate, Translation <A-1,Verb,3179,methistemi | methistano> "to change, remove" (meta, implying "change," histemi, "to cause to stand"), is rendered "hath translated" in Col. 1:13. See PUT, REMOVE, TURN (away).

<A-2,Verb,3346,metatithemi>
"to transfer to another place" (meta, see above, tithemi, "to put"), is rendered "to translate" in Heb. 11:5 (twice). See CARRY, CHANGE, REMOVE, TURN.

<B-1,Noun,3331,metathesis>
"a change of position" (akin to A, No. 2), is rendered "translation" in Heb. 11:5. See CHANGE, REMOVING.

Transparent * For TRANSPARENT, Rev. 21:21, see DAWN, A, No. 2, Note

Trap <1,,2339,thera>
denotes "a hunting, chase," then, "a prey;" hence, figuratively, of "preparing destruction by a net or trap," Rom. 11:9.

Travail (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,3449,mochthos>
"labor, involving painful effort," is rendered "travail" in 2 Cor. 11:27, RV (AV, "painfulness"); in 1 Thess. 2:9; 2 Thess. 3:8 it stresses the toil involved in the work.

<A-2,Noun,5604,odin>
a birth pang, "travail pain," is used illustratively in 1 Thess. 5:3 of the calamities which are to come upon men at the beginning of the Day of the Lord; the figure used suggests the inevitableness of the catastrophe. See PAIN, No. 2, SORROW.

<B-1,Verb,5605,odino>
akin to A, No. 2, is used negatively in Gal. 4:27, "(thou) that travailest (not)," quoted from Isa. 54:1; the Apostle applies the circumstances of Sarah and Hagar (which doubtless Isaiah was recalling) to show that, whereas the promise by grace had temporarily been replaced by the works of the Law (see Gal. 3:17), this was now reversed, and, in the fulfillment of the promise to Abraham, the number of those saved by the Gospel would far exceed those who owned allegiance to the Law. Isa. 54 has primary reference to the future prosperity of Israel restored to God's favor, but frequently the principles underlying events recorded in the OT extend beyond their immediate application.

In Gal. 4:19 the Apostle uses it metaphorically of a second travailing on his part regarding the churches of Galatia; his first was for their deliverance from idolatry (Gal. 4:8), now it was for their deliverance from bondage to Judaism. There is no suggestion here of a second regeneration necessitated by defection. There is a hint of reproach, as if he was enquiring whether they had ever heard of a mother experiencing second birth pangs for her children.

In Rev. 12:2 the woman is figurative of Israel; the circumstances of her birth pangs are mentioned in Isa. 66:7 (see also Micah 5:2,3). Historically the natural order is reversed. The Man-child, Christ, was brought forth at His first advent; the travail is destined to take place in "the time of Jacob's trouble," the "great tribulation," Matt. 24:21; Rev. 7:14. The object in Rev. 12:2 in referring to the birth of Christ is to connect Him with His earthly people Israel in their future time of trouble, from which the godly remnant, the nucleus of the restored nation, is to be delivered (Jer. 30:7).

<B-2,Verb,4944,sunodino>
"to be in travail together," is used metaphorically in Rom. 8:22, of the whole creation.

<B-3,Verb,5088,tikto>
"to beget," is rendered "travail" in John 16:21.

Travel (companions in), and Travel with * For TRAVEL (companions in), Acts 19:29, and TRAVEL WITH, 2 Cor. 8:19, see COMPANION, No. 1.

Travel <1,,1330,dierchomai>
"to go or pass through," is translated "travelled" in Acts 11:19. See COME, No. 5.

Note: For apodemeo, rendered "travelling" in Matt. 25:14, AV, see GO, No. 27.

Tread, Trode, Trodden <1,,3961,pateo>
is used (a) intransitively and figuratively, of "treading" upon serpents, Luke 10:19; (b) transitively, of "treading" on, down or under, of the desecration of Jerusalem by its foes, Luke 21:24; Rev. 11:2; of the avenging, by the Lord in Person hereafter, of this descration and of the persecution of the Jews, in Divine retribution, metaphorically spoken of as the "treading" of the winepress of God's wrath, Rev. 14:20; 19:15 (cp. Isa. 63:2,3).

<2,,2662,katapateo>
"to tread down, trample under foot," is used (a) literally, Matt. 5:13; 7:6; Luke 8:5; 12:1; (b) metaphorically, of "treading under foot" the Son of God, Heb. 10:29, i.e., turning away from Him, to indulge in willful sin.

Treading out the corn * For TREADING out the corn, see THRESH

Treasure (Noun and Verb) <1,,2344,thesauros>
denotes (1) "a place of safe keeping" (possibly akin to tithemi, "to put"), (a) "a casket," Matt. 2:11; (b) "a storehouse," Matt. 13:52; used metaphorically of the heart, Matt. 12:35, twice (RV, "out of his treasure"); Luke 6:45; (2) "a treasure," Matt. 6:19-21; 13:44; Luke 12:33,34; Heb. 11:26; "treasure" (in heaven or the heavens), Matt. 19:21; Mark 10:21; Luke 18:22; in these expressions (which are virtually equivalent to that in Matt. 6:1, "with your Father which is in Heaven") the promise does not simply refer to the present life, but looks likewise to the hereafter; in 2 Cor. 4:7 it is used of "the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ," descriptive of the Gospel, as deposited in the earthen vessels of the persons who proclaim it (cp. ver. 4); in Col. 2:3, of the wisdom and knowledge hidden in Christ.

<2,,1047,gaza>
a Persian word, signifying "royal treasure," occurs in Acts 8:27.

<3,Verb,2343,thesaurizo>
akin to A, No. 1, is used metaphorically in Rom. 2:5 of "treasuring up wrath." See LAY, No. 17.

Treasurer * For TREASURER see CHAMBERLAIN, Note

Treasury <1,,1049,gazophulakion>
from gaza, "a treasure," phulake, "a guard," is used by Josephus for a special room in the women's court in the Temple in which gold and silver bullion was kept. This seems to be referred to in John 8:20; in Mark 12:41 (twice),43; Luke 21:1 it is used of the trumpet-shaped or ram's-horn-shaped chests, into which the temple offerings of the people were cast. There were 13 chests, six for such gifts in general, seven for distinct purposes.

<2,,2878,korbanas>
signifying "the place of gifts," denoted the Temple "treasury," Matt. 27:6. See CORBAN.

Treated * For TREATED, Acts 27:3, RV, see ENTREAT (to deal with)

Treatise <1,,3056,logos>
"a word," denotes "a treatise or written narrative" in Acts 1:1. See WORD.

Tree <1,,1186,dendron>
"a living, growing tree" (cp. Eng., "rhododendron," lit., "rose tree"), known by the fruit it produces, Matt. 12:33; Luke 6:44; certain qualities are mentioned in the NT; "a good tree," Matt. 7:17,18; 12:33; Luke 6:43; "a corrupt tree" (ditto); in Jude 1:12, metaphorically, of evil teachers, "autumn trees (AV, 'trees whose fruit withereth') without fruit, twice dead, plucked up by the roots," RV; in Luke 13:19 in some texts, "a great tree," AV (RV, "a tree"); for this and Matt. 13:32 see MUSTARD; in Luke 21:29 "the fig tree" is illustrative of Israel, "all the trees" indicating Gentile nations.

<2,,3586,xulon>
"wood, a piece of wood, anything made of wood" (see STAFF, STOCKS), is used, with the rendering "tree," (a) in Luke 23:31, where "the green tree" refers either to Christ, figuratively of all His living power and excellencies, or to the life of the Jewish people while still inhabiting their land, in contrast to "the dry," a figure fulfilled in the horrors of the Roman massacre and devastation in A.D. 70 (cp. the Lord's parable in Luke 13:6-9; see Ezek. 20:47, and cp. Ezek. 21:3); (b) of "the cross," the tree being the stauros, the upright pale or stake to which Romans nailed those who were thus to be executed, Acts 5:30; 10:39; 13:29; Gal. 3:13; 1 Pet. 2:24; (c) of "the tree of life," Rev. 2:7; 22:2 (twice),14,19, RV, AV, "book." See WOOD.

Tremble, Trembling <A-1,Verb,5141,tremo>
"to tremble, especially with fear," is used in Mark 5:33; Luke 8:47 (Acts 9:6, in some mss.); 2 Pet. 2:10, RV, "they tremble (not)," AV, "they are (not) afraid."

<A-2,Verb,4579,seio>
"to move to and fro, shake," is rendered "will I make to tremble" in Heb. 12:26, RV (AV, "I shake"). See QUAKE, SHAKE.

Notes: (1) For phrisso in Jas. 2:19, AV, "tremble," see SHUDDER. (2) For the adjective entromos, "trembling," Acts 7:32; 16:29, RV, "trembling for fear," see QUAKE, No. 1. (3) The adjective emphobos, used with ginomai, "to become," is rendered "trembled" in Acts 24:25 (RV, "was terrified"); in Luke 24:5, RV, "they were affrighted," AV, "they were afraid." See AFFRIGHTED, A.

<B-1,Noun,5156,tromos>
"trembling" (akin to A, No. 1), occurs in Mark 16:8, RV, "trembling (... had come upon them);" 1 Cor. 2:3; 2 Cor. 7:15; Eph. 6:5; Phil. 2:12.

Trench <1,,5482,charax>
primarily "a pointed stake," hence, "a palisade or rampart," is rendered "trench" in Luke 19:43, AV (RV, "bank," marg., "palisade"). In A.D. 70, Titus, the Roman general, surrounded Jerusalem with a palisaded mound (Tyndale, l.c., renders it "mound"). The Jews in one of their sorties destroyed this charax, after which Titus surrounded the city with a wall of masonry.

Trespass (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,3900,paraptoma>
primarily "a false step, a blunder" (akin to parapipto, "to fall away," Heb. 6:6), lit., "a fall beside," used ethically, denotes "a trespass," a deviation, from uprightness and truth, Matt. 6:14,15 (twice); 18:35, in some mss.; Mark 11:25,26; in Romans the RV substitutes "trespass" and "trespasses" for AV, "offense" and "offenses," Rom. 4:25, "for (i.e., because of) our trespasses;" Rom. 5:15 (twice), where the trespass is that of Adam (in contrast to the free gift of righteousness, ver. 17, a contrast in the nature and the effects); Rom. 5:16, where "of many trespasses" expresses a contrast of quantity; the condemnation resulted from one "trespass," the free gift is "of (ek, expressing the origin, and throwing stress upon God's justifying grace in Christ) many trespasses;" Rom. 5:17, introducing contrast between legal effects and those of Divine grace; Rom. 5:18, where the RV, "through one trepass," is contrasted with "one act of righteousness;" this is important, the difference is not between one man's "trespass" and Christ's righteousness (as AV), but between two acts, that of Adam's "trespass" and the vicarious death of Christ; Rom. 5:20 [(cp. TRANSGRESSION, B, No. 1 (d)]; in 2 Cor. 5:19, AV and RV, "trespasses;" in Eph. 1:7, RV, "trespasses" (AV, "sins"); in Eph. 2:1, RV, "(dead through your) trespasses," AV, "(dead in) trespasses;" Eph. 2:5, RV, "(dead through our) trespasses," AV, "(dead in) sins;" so Col 2:13 (1st part); in the 2nd part, AV and RV, "trespasses."

In Gal. 6:1, RV, "(in any) trespass" (AV, "fault"), the reference is to "the works of the flesh" (Gal. 5:19), and the thought is that of the believer's being found off his guard, the "trespass" taking advantage of him; in Jas. 5:16, AV, "faults" (RV, "sins" translates the word hamartias, which is found in the best texts), auricular confession to a priest is not in view here or anywhere else in Scripture; the command is comprehensive, and speaks either of the acknowledgement of sin where one has wronged another, or of the unburdening of a troubled conscience to a godly brother whose prayers will be efficacious, or of open confession before the church.

In Rom. 11:11,12, the word is used of Israel's "fall," i.e., their deviation from obedience to God and from the fulfillment of His will (to be distinguished from the verb ptaio, "fall," in the 1st part of ver. 11, which indicates the impossibility of recovery). See FALL, A, No. 2.

<B-1,Verb,264,hamartano>
"to sin," is translated "to trespass," in the AV of Matt. 18:15; Luke 17:3,4 (RV, "to sin").

Note: For the different meanings of words describing sin, see SIN. Paraptoma, and hamartema ("a sinful deed") are closely associated, with regard to their primary meanings: parabasis seems to be a stronger term, as the breach of a known law (see TRANSGRESSION).

Trial <1,,1382,dokime>
for which see EXPERIENCE, No. 2, is rendered "trial" in 2 Cor. 8:2, AV (RV, "proof").

<2,,3984,peira>
"a making trial, an experiment," is used with lambano, "to receive or take," in Heb. 11:29, rendered "assaying," and Heb. 11:36, in the sense of "having experience of" (akin to peirao, "to assay, to try"), "had trial." In the Sept., Deut. 28:56.

<3,,3986,peirasmos>
akin to No. 2, is rendered "trials" in Acts 20:19, RV. See TEMPTATION.

<4,,4451,purosis>
akin to puroo, "to set on fire," signifies (a) "a burning;" (b) "a refining," metaphorically in 1 Pet. 4:12, "fiery trial," or rather "trial by fire," referring to the refining of gold (1 Pet. 1:7). See BURNING.

Note: For dokimion, rendered "trial" in 1 Pet. 1:7, AV, see PROOF, No. 2.

Tribe (-s) <1,,5443,phule>
"a company of people united by kinship or habitation, a clan, tribe," is used (a) of the peoples of the earth, Matt. 24:30; in the following the RV has "tribe(-s)" for AV, "kindred(-s)," Rev. 1:7; 5:9; 7:9; 11:9; 13:7; 14:6 (b) of the "tribes" of Israel, Matt. 19:28; Luke 2:36; 22:30; Acts 13:21; Rom. 11:1; Phil. 3:5; Heb. 7:13,14; Jas. 1:1; Rev. 5:5; 7:4-8; 21:12.

<2,,1429,dodekaphulos>
an adjective signifying "of twelve tribes" (dodeka, "twelve," and No. 1), used as a noun in the neuter, occurs in Acts 26:7.

Tribulation <1,,2347,thlipsis>
for which see AFFLICATION, B, No. 4, is translated "tribulation" in the RV (for AV, "affiction") in Mark 4:17; 13:19; plural in 2 Thess. 1:4, AV, "tribulations," RV, "afflictions;" in Acts 14:22 "many tribulations" (AV, "much tribulation"); in Matt. 24:9, "unto tribulation" (AV, "to be afflicted"); in 2 Cor. 1:4; 7:4; 2 Thess. 1:6, AV, "tribulation" for RV, "affliction;" RV and AV, "tribulation(-s)," e.g., in Rom. 2:9; 5:3 (twice); 8:35; 12:12; Eph. 3:13; Rev. 1:9; 2:9,10,22.

In Rev. 7:14, "the great tribulation," RV, lit., "the tribulation, the great one" (not as AV, without the article), is not that in which all saints share; it indicates a definite period spoken of by the Lord in Matt. 24:21,29; Mark 13:19,24, where the time is mentioned as preceding His second advent, and as a period in which the Jewish nation, restored to Palestine in unbelief by gentile instrumentality, will suffer an unprecedented outburst of fury on the part of the antichristian powers confederate under the Man of Sin (2 Thess. 2:10-12; cp. Rev. 12:13-17); in this tribulation Gentile witnesses for God will share (Rev. 7:9), but it will be distinctly "the time of Jacob's trouble" (Jer. 30:7); its beginning is signalized by the setting up of the "abomination of desolation" (Matt. 24:15; Mark 13:14, with Dan. 11:31; 12:11).

Note: For the verb thlibo, in the Passive Voice rendered "suffer tribulation" in 1 Thess. 3:4, AV (RV, "suffer affliction"), see AFFLICT, No. 4.

Tribute <1,,5411,phoros>
akin to phero, "to bring," denotes "tribute" paid by a subjugated nation, Luke 20:22; 23:2; Rom. 13:6,7.

<2,,2778,kensos>
Lat. and Eng., "census," denotes "a poll tax," Matt. 17:25; 22:17,19; Mark. 12:14.

<3,,1323,didrachmon>
"the half-shekel," is rendered "tribute" in Matt. 17:24 (twice): see SHEKEL, No. 2.

Trim <1,,2885,kosmeo>
"to arrange, adorn," is used of "trimming" lamps, Matt. 25:7. See ADORN, GARNISH.

Triumph <1,,2358,thriambeuo>
denotes (a) "to lead in triumph," used of a conqueror with reference to the vanquished, 2 Cor. 2:14. Theodoret paraphrases it "He leads us about here and there and displays us to all the world." This is in agreement with evidences from various sources. Those who are led are not captives exposed to humiliation, but are displayed as the glory and devoted subjects of Him who leads (see the context). This is so even if there is a reference to a Roman "triumph." On such occasions the general's sons, with various officers, rode behind his chariot (Livy, xlv. 40). But there is no necessary reference here to a Roman "triumph" (Field, in Notes on the Trans. of the NT). The main thought is that of the display, "in Christ" being the sphere; its evidences are the effects of gospel testimony.

In Col. 2:15 the circumstances and subjects are quite different, and relate to Christ's victory over spiritual foes at the time of His death; accordingly the reference may be to the triumphant display of the defeated.

Trode * For TRODE see TREAD

Trouble (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,2347,thlipsis>
for which see AFFLICTION, No. 4, and TRIBULATION, is rendered "trouble" in the AV of 1 Cor. 7:28 (RV, "tribulation"); 2 Cor. 1:4 (2nd clause),8 (RV, "affliction").

Note: In some mss. tarache, "an agitation, disturbance, trouble," is found in Mark 13:8 (plur.); John 5:4 (RV omits).

<B-1,Verb,5015,tarasso>
akin to tarache (A, Note), is used (1) in a physical sense, John 5:7 (in some mss. ver. 4), (2) metaphorically, (a) of the soul and spirit of the Lord, John 11:33, where the true rendering is "He troubled Himself;" (b) of the hearts of disciples, John 14:1,27; (c) of the minds of those in fear or perplexity, Matt. 2:3; 14:26; Mark 6:50; Luke 1:12; 24:38; 1 Pet. 3:14; (d) of subverting the souls of believers, by evil doctrine, Acts 15:24; Gal. 1:7; 5:10; (e) of stirring up a crowd, Acts 17:8; Acts 17:13 in the best texts, "troubling (the multitudes)," RV.

<B-2,Verb,1298,diatarasso>
"to agitate greatly" (dia, "throughout," and No. 1), is used of the Virgin Mary, Luke 1:29.

<B-3,Verb,1613,ektarasso>
"to throw into great trouble, agitate," is used in Acts 16:20, "do exceedingly trouble (our city)." In the Sept., Ps. 18:4; 88:16.

<B-4,Verb,2346,thlibo>
"to afflict," is rendered "to trouble" in the AV, e.g., 2 Cor. 4:8 (RV, "pressed"); 7:5, but never in the RV: see AFFLICT, No. 4, PRESS, STRAITENED, TRIBULATION.

<B-5,Verb,1776,enochleo>
from en, "in," ochlos, "a throng, crowd," is used in Heb. 12:15 of a root of bitterness; in Luke 6:18 (in the best texts; some have ochleo), RV, "were troubled" (AV, "were vexed").

<B-6,Verb,3926,parenochleo>
"to annoy concerning anything" (para, and No. 5), occurs in Acts 15:19, "we trouble (not them)."

<B-7,Verb,4660,skullo>
primarily "to flay," hence, "to vex, annoy" ("there was a time when the Greek, in thus speaking, compared his trouble to the pains of flaying alive," Moulton, Proleg., p. 89), is used in the Active Voice in Mark 5:35; Luke 8:49; in the Passive Voice, Matt. 9:36, in the best texts, RV, "they were distressed" (some have ekluo, AV, "they fainted"); in the Middle Voice, Luke 7:6, "trouble (not thyself)." The word is frequent in the papyri.

<B-8,Verb,387,anastatoo>
is rendered "trouble" in Gal. 5:12, AV: see STIR, No. 12, TURN, No. 15, UPROAR.

<B-9,Verb,2350,thorubeo>
akin to thorubos, "a tumult," in the Middle Voice, "to make an uproar," is rendered "trouble not yourselves" in Acts 20:10, AV. See ADO, TUMULT.

<B-10,Verb,2360,throeo>
"to make an outcry" (throos, "a tumult"), is used in the Passive Voice, Matt. 24:6; Mark 13:7; Luke 24:37; 2 Thess. 2:2. In the Sept., Song of Sol. 5:4.

<B-11,Verb,2351,thorubazo>
"to disturb, to trouble" (akin to No. 9), is used in Luke 10:41, in the best texts (in some, turbazo, with the same meaning).

<B-12,Verb,85,ademoneo>
"to be much troubled, distressed" (perhaps from a, negative, and demon, "knowing," the compound therefore originally suggesting bewilderment), is translated "sore troubled" in Matt. 26:37; Mark 14:33, RV (AV, "very heavy"); so the RV in Phil. 2:26 (AV, "full of heaviness"); Lightfoot renders it "distressed," a meaning borne out in the papyri. See HEAVY.

<B-13,Verb,1278,diaponeo>
denotes "to work out with toil," hence, "to be sore troubled;" so the RV in Acts 4:2; 16:18 (AV, "grieved"); Mark 14:4 in some texts.

Notes: (1) The noun kopos, "a striking, beating," then, "laborious toil, trouble," used with parecho, "to furnish, to supply," is rendered "to trouble" (lit., "to give trouble to"), in Matt. 26:10; Mark 14:6; Luke 11:7; 18:5; Gal. 6:17; the meaning is to embarrass a person by distracting his attention, or to give occasion for anxiety. In the last passage the Apostle expresses his determination not to allow the Judaizing teachers to distract him any further. See LABOR, A, No. 1. (2) For "suffer trouble" in 2 Tim. 2:9, see HARDSHIP.

Trow * Note: Some mss. have dokeo, "to think," in Luke 17:9, AV, "I trow (not)."

Truce breakers * For TRUCE BREAKERS see IMPLACABLE

True, Truly, Truth <A-1,Adjective,227,alethes>
primarily, "unconcealed, manifest" (a, negative, letho, "to forget," = lanthano, "to escape notice"), hence, actual, "true to fact," is used (a) of persons, "truthful," Matt. 22:16; Mark 12:14; John 3:33; 7:18; 8:26; Rom. 3:4; 2 Cor. 6:8; (b) of things, "true," conforming to reality, John 4:18, "truly," lit., "true;" John 5:31,32; in the best texts, John 6:55 (twice), "indeed;" John 8:13,14 (ver. 16 in some texts: see No. 2),17; 10:41; 19:35; 21:24; Acts 12:9; Phil. 4:8; Titus 1:13; 1 Pet. 5:12; 2 Pet. 2:22; 1 John 2:8,27; 3 John 1:12.

<A-2,Adjective,228,alethinos>
akin to No. 1, denotes "true" in the sense of "real, ideal, genuine;" it is used (a) of God, John 7:28 (cp. No. 1 in 7:18, above); 17:3; 1 Thess. 1:9; Rev. 6:10; these declare that God fulfills the meaning of His Name; He is "very God," in distinction from all other gods, false gods (alethes, see John 3:33 in No. 1, signifies that He is veracious, "true" to His utterances, He cannot lie); (b) of Christ, John 1:9; 6:32; 15:1; 1 John 2:8; 5:20 (thrice); Rev. 3:7,14; 19:11; His judgment, John 8:16 (in the best texts, instead of No. 1); (c) God's words, John 4:37; Rev. 19:9; 21:5; 22:6; the last three are equivalent to No. 1; (d) His ways, Rev. 15:3; (e) His judgments, Rev. 16:7; 19:2; (f) His riches, Luke 16:11; (g) His worshipers, John 4:23; (h) their hearts, Heb. 10:22; (i) the witness of the Apostle John, John 19:35; (j) the spiritual, antitypical tabernacle, Heb. 8:2; 9:24, not that the wilderness tabernacle was false, but that it was a weak and earthly copy of the heavenly.

Note: "Alethinos is related to alethes as form to contents or substances; alethes denotes the reality of the thing, alethinos defines the relation of the conception to the thing to which it corresponds = genuine" (Cremer).

<A-3,Adjective,1103,gnesios>
primarily "lawfully begotten" (akin to ginomai, "to become"), hence, "true, genuine, sincere," is used in the Apostle's exhortation to his "true yoke-fellow" in Phil. 4:3. See OWN, SINCERITY.

Note: In the AV of 2 Cor. 1:18; 1 Tim. 3:1, pistos, "faithful" (RV), is translated "true."

<B-1,Verb,226,aletheuo>
signifies "to deal faithfully or truly with anyone" (cp. Gen. 42:16, Sept., "whether ye deal truly or no"), Eph. 4:15, "speaking the truth;" Gal. 3:16, "I tell (you) the truth," where probably the Apostle is referring to the contents of his epistle.

<C-1,Noun,225,aletheia>
"truth," is used (a) objectively, signifying "the reality lying at the basis of an appearance; the manifested, veritable essence of a matter" (Cremer), e.g., Rom. 9:1; 2 Cor. 11:10; especially of Christian doctrine, e.g., Gal. 2:5, where "the truth of the Gospel" denotes the "true" teaching of the Gospel, in contrast to perversions of it; Rom. 1:25, where "the truth of God" may be "the truth concerning God" or "God whose existence is a verity;" but in Rom 15:8 "the truth of God" is indicative of His faithfulness in the fulfillment of His promises as exhibited in Christ; the word has an absolute force in John 14:6; 17:17; 18:37,38; in Eph. 4:21, where the RV, "even as truth is in Jesus," gives the correct rendering, the meaning is not merely ethical "truth," but "truth" in all its fullness and scope, as embodied in Him; He was the perfect expression of the truth; this is virtually equivalent to His statement in John 14:6; (b) subjectively, "truthfulness," "truth," not merely verbal, but sincerity and integrity of character, John 8:44; 3 John 1:3, RV; (c) in phrases, e.g., "in truth" (epi, "on the basis of"), Mark 12:14; Luke 20:21; with en, "in," 2 Cor. 6:7; Col. 1:6; 1 Tim. 2:7, RV (AV, "in ... verity"); 1 John 3:18; 2 John 1:1,3,4.

Note: In Matt. 15:27, AV, nai, "yea" (RV), is translated "truth."

<D-1,Adverb,230,alethos>
"truly, surely," is rendered "of a truth" in Matt. 14:33; 26:73; Mark 14:70, R.V, (AV, "surely"); Luke 9:27; 12:44; 21:3; John 6:14; 7:40; 17:8, RV, "of a truth" (AV, "surely"); Acts 12:11, RV (AV, "of a surety"); "in truth," 1 Thess. 2:13; "truly," Matt. 27:54; Mark 15:39. See INDEED, No. 3.

<D-2,Adverb,1104,gnesios>
"sincerely, honorably" (akin to A, No. 3), is rendered "truly" (marg., "genuinely") in Phil, 2:20 (AV, "naturally").

Notes: (1) The particles ara, men, and de are sometimes rendered "truly" in the AV, but are differently rendered in the RV. (2) In 1 Cor. 14:25, AV, ontos (RV, "indeed") is rendered "of a truth." See CERTAIN, C, No. 1, INDEED, No. 4. (3) In John 20:30, AV, the particle oun, therefore (RV), is rendered "truly."

Trump, Trumpet <A-1,Noun,4536,salpinx>
is used (1) of the natural instrument, 1 Cor. 14:8; (2) of the supernatural accompaniment of Divine interpositions, (a) at Sinai, Heb. 12:19; (b) of the acts of angels at the Second Advent of Christ, Matt. 24:31; (c) of their acts in the period of Divine judgments preceding this, Rev. 8:2,6,13; 9:14; (d) of a summons to John to the presence of God, Rev. 1:10; 4:1; (e) of the act of the Lord in raising from the dead the saints who have fallen asleep and changing the bodies of those who are living, at the Rapture of all to meet Him in the air, 1 Cor. 15:52, where "the last trump" is a military allusion, familiar to Greek readers, and has no connection with the series in Rev. 8:6 to 11:15; there is a possible allusion to Num. 10:2-6, with reference to the same event, 1 Thess. 4:16, "the (lit., a) trump of God" (the absence of the article suggests the meaning "a trumpet such as is used in God's service").

<B-1,Verb,4537,salpizo>
"to sound a trumpet," Matt. 6:2; as in (2) (c) above, Rev. 8:6-8,10,12,13; 9:1,13; 10:7; 11:15; as in (2) (e) 1 Cor. 15:52.

Trumpeter <1,,4538,salpistes>
occurs in Rev. 18:22.

Trust (Noun and Verb) <A-1,Noun,4006,pepoithesis>
is rendered "trust" in 2 Cor. 3:4, AV; see CONFIDENCE, No. 1.

<B-1,Verb,3982,peitho>
intransitively, in the perfect and pluperfect Active, "to have confidence, trust," is rendered "to trust" in Matt. 27:43; Mark 10:24; Luke 11:22; 18:9; 2 Cor. 1:9; 10:7; Phil, 2:24; 3:4, AV (RV, "to have confidence"); Heb. 2:13; in the present Middle, Heb. 13:18, AV (RV, "are persuaded"). See AGREE, No. 5, PERSUADE.

<B-2,Verb,4100,pisteuo>
"to entrust," or, in the Passive Voice, "to be entrusted with," is rendered "to commit to one's trust," in Luke 16:11; 1 Tim 1:11; "to be put in trust with," 1 Thess. 2:4, AV (RV, "to be intrusted").

Note: Wherever elpizo, "to hope," is translated "to trust" in the AV, the RV substitutes "to hope." So proelpizo, "to hope before." See HOPE.

Truth * For TRUTH see TRUE

Try, Tried <1,,1381,dokimazo>
is rendered "to try" in the AV in 1 Cor. 3:13; 1 Thess. 2:4; 1 Pet. 1:7; 1 John 4:1: see PROVE, No. 1.

<2,,3985,peirazo>
is rendered "to try" in Heb. 11:17; Rev. 2:2,10; 3:10. In Acts 16:7 it is rendered "assayed;" in Acts 24:6, RV, "assayed" (AV, "hath gone about"): see GO, Note (2) (b). See EXAMINE, PROVE, TEMPT. Cp. peirao in Acts 26:21, RV, "assayed" (AV, "went about"); see GO, Note (2) (c).

Notes: (1) In Rev. 3:18, AV, puroo, in the Passive Voice, "to be purified by fire" (RV, "refined"), is rendered "tried." (2) For dokimion, Jas. 1:3, AV, "trying," see PROOF. (3) For dokimos, Jas. 1:12, AV, "tried," see APPROVED. (4) In 1 Pet. 4:12, AV, the phrase pros peirasmon, lit., "for trial," i.e., "for testing," is rendered "to try (you)," RV, "to prove (you)."

Tumult <1,,181,akatastasia>
is rendered "tumults" in Luke 21:9, RV; 2 Cor. 6:5; 12:20. See CONFOUND, A, No. 1.

<2,,2351,thorubos>
"a noise, uproar, tumult," is rendered "tumult" in Matt. 27:24; Mark 5:38; in Matt. 26:5, RV (AV, "uproar"), so in Mark 14:2; in Acts 20:1, "uproar," AV and RV; in Acts 24:18, "tumult;" in Acts 21:34, AV, "tumult" (RV, "uproar").

Note: For thorubeo, RV, "to make a tumult," see NOISE, Note (2).

Turn <1,,4762,strepho>
denotes (1) in the Active Voice, (a) "to turn" (something), Matt. 5:39; (b) "to bring back," Matt. 27:3 (in the best texts; some have No. 2); (c) reflexively, "to turn oneself, to turn the back to people," said of God, Acts 7:42; (d) "to turn one thing into another," Rev. 11:6 (the only place where this word occurs after the Acts); (2) in the Passive Voice, (a) used reflexively, "to turn oneself," e.g. Matt. 7:6; John 20:14,16; (b) metaphorically, Matt. 18:3, RV, "(except) ye turn" (AV, "... be converted"); John 12:40 (in the best texts; some have No. 4). See CONVERT, A, No. 1.

<2,,654,apostrepho>
denotes (a) "to cause to turn away (apo), to remove," Rom. 11:26; 2 Tim. 4:4 (1st clause); metaphorically, "to turn away from allegiance, pervert," Luke 23:14; (b) "to make to return, put back," Matt. 26:52; (c) in the Passive Voice, used reflexively, "to turn onself away from," Matt. 5:42; 2 Tim. 1:15; Titus 1:14; Heb. 12:25; in the Active Voice, Acts 3:26. See PERVERT, PUT.

<3,,1294,diastrepho>
"to distort" (dia, "asunder"), is rendered "to turn aside," RV (AV, "... away"), in Acts 13:8. See PERVERT, No. 2.

<4,,1994,epistrepho>
is used (a) transitively, "to make to turn towards" (epi) Luke 1:16, 17; Jas. 5:19,20 (to convert); (b) intransitively, "to turn oneself round," e.g., in the Passive Voice, Mark 5:30 (see RETURN); in the Active Voice, Matt. 13:15, RV, "turn again" (AV, "be converted"); Acts 11:21; 14:15; 15:19; 1 Thess. 1:9, "ye turned," the aorist tense indicating an immediate and decisive change, consequent upon a deliberate choice; conversion is a voluntary act in response to the presentation of truth. See CONVERT.

<5,,3344,metastrepho>
signifies, in the Passive Voice, "to be turned" (of a change into something different, meta) in Acts 2:20; Jas. 4:9: see PERVERT, No. 3.

<6,,5290,hupostrepho>
is used intransitively of "turning back, behind" (hupo), e.g., Luke 17:15, "turned back;" in Luke 2:45, RV, "returned:" see RETURN.

<7,,576,apobaino>
"to go from," is used metaphorically of events, "to issue, turn out," Luke 21:13; Phil. 1:19. See GO, No. 21.

<8,,3329,metago>
"to move from one side to another," is rendered "to turn about" in Jas. 3:3,4.

<9,,3346,metatithemi>
"to change," is translated "turning (the grace of God)" in Jude 1:4. See CARRY, CHANGE, REMOVE, TRANSLATE.

<10,,344,anakampto>
ana, "back," kampto, "to bend," is rendered "shall turn ... again," in Luke 10:6. See RETURN.

<11,,1624,ektrepo>
"to cause to turn aside" (ek, "from," trepo, "to turn"), is used in the Passive Voice, with Middle sense, in 1 Tim. 1:6; 5:15; 6:20, RV, "turning away" (AV, "avoiding"); 2 Tim. 4:4 (2nd clause); Heb. 12:13, "be (not) turned out of the way" (RV, marg., "put out of joint"); some adhere to the meaning "to turn aside, go astray;" the interpretation depends on the antithesis which follows, "but rather be healed" (RV), which is not the antithesis to "turning aside" or being "turned" out of the way; accordingly the marg. is to be preferred (the verb is often used medically). In the Sept., Amos 5:8.

<12,,665,apotrepo>
"to cause to turn away" (apo), is used in the Middle Voice in 2 Tim. 3:5.

<13,,4062,peritrepo>
"to turn about" (peri), is rendered "doth turn (thee to madness)" in Acts 26:24, RV, AV, "doth make (thee mad)."

<14,,3179,methistemi>
is used metaphorically in Acts 19:26, "turned away (much people)." See PUT, REMOVE, TRANSLATE.

<15,,387,anastatoo>
"to stir up, excite, unsettle" (ana, "up," histemi, "to cause to stand"), is rendered "have turned (the world) upside down" in Acts 17:6. See TROUBLE, UPROAR.

<16,,1096,ginomai>
"to become," is rendered "shall be turned" in John 16:20 (of sorrow into joy).

<17,,1578,ekklino>
"to turn aside" (ek, "from," klino, "to lean"), is rendered "have ... turned aside" in Rom. 3:12 (AV, "are ... gone out of the way"); Rom. 16:17, RV, "turn away" (AV, "avoid"); 1 Pet. 3:11; RV, ditto (AV, "eschew").

<18,,1237,diadechomai>
"to receive through another, to receive in turn" (dia, "through," dechomai, "to receive"), occurs in Acts 7:45, RV, "in their turn ... when they entered" (AV, "that came after"); the meaning here is "having received (it) after," i.e., as from Moses under Joshua's leadership. In the papyri the word is used similarily of visiting as deputy (see also Field, Notes on the Trans. of the NT, 116).

Notes: (1) In Matt. 2:22, AV, anachoero, "to retire, withdraw," is rendered "turned aside" (RV, "withdrew"). (2) For "turned to flight," klino, Heb. 11:34, see FLIGHT, B. (3) For the phrase "by turn" in 1 Cor. 14:27 see COURSE, B, Note (3).

Turning <1,,5157,trope>
used especially of the revolution of the heavenly orbs (akin to trepo, "to turn"), occurs in Jas. 1:17, "(neither shadow) that is cast by turning," RV (AV, "of turning"). For a more detailed treatment of the passage, see SHADOW, No. 2.

Turtledove * For TURTLEDOVE see DOVE