<A-2,Verb,2525,kathistemi>
lit., "to set down" (kata, "down," and No. 1), "to appoint, constitute," is translated "to set" in Matt. 24:45,47; 25:21,23, RV (AV, "made"); so Luke 12:42,44; it is found in some mss. in Heb. 2:7, and translated "set over" (AV), See APPOINT, No. 2.

<A-3,Verb,5087,tithemi>
"to put, to place," is translated "to set" in Acts 1:7, of times and seasons (AV, "put"); Acts 13:47; Rev. 10:2; "setteth on" (of wine) in John 2:10, RV (AV, "doth set forth"); in the AV of Mark 4:21 (2nd part) and in Luke 8:16 it is rendered "set" (RV, "put"), of a lamp (some texts have No. 6 in both). In Mark 4:30 it is used of "setting" forth by parable the teaching concerning the kingdom of God, RV, "shall we set (it) forth" (AV, "compare"). See APPOINT, No. 3.

<A-4,Verb,3908,paratithemi>
"to place beside" (para, "beside," and No. 3), "to set forth," of a parable, Matt. 13:24, RV (AV, "put forth"); "to set before," of food, Mark 6:41; 8:6 (twice),7; Luke 9:16; 10:8; 11:6; Acts 16:34; 1 Cor. 10:27. See ALLEGE, No. 1, PUT, No. 3.

<A-5,Verb,4060,peritithemi>
"to place or put around" (peri, "around," and No. 3), is translated "to set about" (of a hedge) in Mark 12:1. See BESTOW, No. 5, PUT.

<A-6,Verb,2007,epitithemi>
"to put, set or lay upon," is used of the placing over the head of Christ on the cross "His accusation," Matt. 27:37, "set up;" of attacking a person, Acts 18:10, "shall set on." See ADD. No. 1.

<A-7,Verb,4388,protithemi>
"to set before" (pro, "before," and No. 3), is used in the Middle Voice, translated "set forth," of Christ, in Rom. 3:25 (RV marg., "purposed"). See PURPOSE, B, No. 3.

<A-8,Verb,1325,didomi>
"to give," is translated "I have set before" in Rev. 3:8 (RV marg., "given"). See GIVE.

<A-9,Verb,2523,kathizo>
used transitively, signifies "to cause to sit down, set, appoint," translated "to set" in Acts 2:30, RV (AV, incorrectly, "to set"); in 1 Cor. 6:4, of appointing, i.e., obtaining the services of, judges in lawcourts; in Eph. 1:20, RV, "made (Him) to sit" (AV, "set").

Note: In Heb. 8:1, kathizo is used intransitively, RV, "sat down" (AV, "is set"); so in Heb. 12:2, RV, "hath sat down" (AV, "is set down"); Rev. 3:21, RV, "I ... sat down" (AV, "am set down"). So epikathizo in Matt. 21:7 (last part), RV, "He sat" [some mss. have the plural in a transitive sense, AV, "they set (Him)]" See SIT, No. 8.

<A-10,Verb,5021,tasso>
"to arrange, assign, order," is translated "set (under authority)" in Luke 7:8. In 1 Cor. 16:15, RV, "have set (themselves)," AV, "addicted." See APPOINT, No. 5.

<A-11,Verb,392,anatassomai>
"to arrange in order, draw up in order" (ana, "up," and the Middle Voice of No. 10), occurs in Luke 1:1, AV, "to set forth in order," RV, "to draw up." See DRAW, No. 9.

<A-12,Verb,1416,duno>
"to sink into," is used of the "setting" of the sun, Mark 1:32, "did set;" Luke 4:40, "was setting." The sun, moon and stars were conceived of as sinking into the sea when they set.

<A-13,Verb,4862,sunallasso>
236), "to reconcile" (sun, "together," allasso, "to change or exchange"), is translated "he ... would have set (them at one, lit., 'into peace') again" in Acts 7:26 (the imperfect tense being conative, expressing an attempt); some mss. have sunelauno, "to drive together, force together."

<A-14,Verb,2605,katangello>
"to declare, proclaim," is translated "set forth" in Acts 16:21, RV (AV, "teach"); "set I forth" in Acts 17:23, RV (AV, "declare I"). See DECLARE, No. 4.

<A-15,Verb,1758,enecho>
"to hold in," has a secondary significance of "setting oneself against a person," "being urgent against," Mark 6:19; Luke 11:53 (RV, marg.). See ENTANGLE, No. 3, QUARREL, URGE.

<A-16,Verb,4311,propempo>
lit., "to send forward" (pro, "forward," pempo, "to send"), is translated "set forward" in Titus 3:13, RV (AV, "bring") and in 3 John 1:6, RV (AV, "bring forward"), of practical assistance to servants of God in their journeys. See ACCOMPANY, No. 4.

<A-17,Verb,584,apodeiknumi>
"to show forth, declare," is translated "set forth" in 1 Cor. 4:9, here, a technical term, used for exhibiting gladiators in an arena, "last of all" referring to the grand finale, to make the most thrilling sport for the spectators (cp. 1 Cor. 15:32); prophets and others had preceded the apostles in the spectacle; in 2 Thess. 2:4 it is used of the man of sin, who will "set (himself) forth (as God)," AV, "showing." Elsewhere Acts 2:22; 25:7. See APPROVE, PROVE. The word is frequently used in the papyri of the proclamation of the accession of a king or the appointment of an official. Cp. apodeixis, "demonstration," 1 Cor. 2:4.

<A-18,Verb,1913,epibibazo>
"to place upon," is used of causing persons to mount animals for riding, Luke 10:34; 19:35; Acts 23:24.

<A-19,Verb,4741,sterizo>
"to fix, establish," is rendered "He steadfastly set (His face)" in Luke 9:51. See ESTABLISH, No. 1.

<A-20,Verb,461,anorthoo>
"to set straight, set up" (ana, "up," orthos, "straight"), is used in Acts 15:16 in God's promise to "set" up the fallen tabernacle (skene, "tent") of David. The word is used in the papyri of rearing buildings again. See LIFT, No. 6, STRAIGHT.

<A-21,Verb,2749,keimai>
"to lie, to be laid" (used as the Passive Voice of tithemi, No. 3), is translated "to be set," e.g., in Matt. 5:14 (of a city); Luke 2:34 (of Christ); John 2:6 (of waterpots); 19:29 (of vessel of vinegar); Phil. 1:16, RV (Phil. 1:17, AV) (of the Apostle Paul); Rev. 4:2 (of the throne in heaven). See APPOINT, LAY, LIE.

<A-22,Verb,345,anakeimai>
"to be laid up" (ana "up"), "to recline at a meal," is so used in John 6:11, "(to them) that were set down." See LEAN, LIE, Note (1) SIT, No. 3.

<A-23,Verb,4295,prokeimai>
signifies (a) "to be set before" (pro, "before," and No. 21), and is so rendered in Heb. 6:18 of the hope of the believer; Heb. 12:1, of the Christian race; Heb. 12:2, of the joy "set" before Christ in the days of His flesh and at His death; (b) "to be set forth," said of Sodom and Gomorrah, in Jude 1:7. It is used elsewhere in 2 Cor. 8:12, for which see FIRST, D, Note (2).

<A-24,Verb,4270,prographo>
"to write before," is translated "were set forth (unto this condemnation)" in Jude 1:4, RV (AV, "ordained"); the evil teachers were "designated of old for this judgment" (cp. 2 Pet. 2:3). For the meaning of this verb in Gal. 3:1, RV, "openly set forth," see OPENLY, No. 2, Note. See WRITE.

<B-1,Adjective,5002,taktos>
an adjective (from tasso, A, No. 10), "ordered, fixed, set," is said of an appointed day, in Acts 12:21. In the Sept., Job 12:5.

Notes: (1) For "to set at liberty" (apoluo and apostello), see LIBERTY. (2) In Acts 21:2, AV, anago, "to set sail" (RV), is translated "set forth;" see LAUNCH. (3) In Luke 22:55, AV, sunkathizo, "to sit down together" (RV), is translated "were set down together." See SIT, No. 10. (4) For Acts 7:5, "to set his foot on," see FOOT, A, No. 1, Note. (5) In Acts 13:9, AV, atenizo, "to look fixedly, gaze," is rendered "set his eyes on" (RV, "fastened his eyes on"). See FASTEN, No. 1. (6) In Matt. 27:19, AV, kathemai, "to sit," is rendered "he was set down" (RV, "he was sitting"). See SIT, No. 1. (7) In John 13:12, (AV, anapipto, "to recline at table," is translated "was set down" (RV, "sat down;" marg., "reclined"). See RECLINE. (8) In Matt. 27:66 there is no word in the Greek representing the AV "setting;" the RV has "the guard being with them," lit., "with (meta) the guard." (9) The verb is combined with other words, e.g., AFFECTION, FIRE, MIND, NOUGHT, ORDER, SEAL, UPROAR, VARIANCE.

Setter forth <1,,2604,katangeleus>
"a proclaimer, herald" (akin to katangello, "to proclaim"), is used in Acts 17:18, "a setter forth (of strange gods)." It is found in inscriptions in connection with proclamations made in public places.

Settle <1,,5087,tithemi>
"to put, place," is translated "settle (it therefore in your hearts)" in Luke 21:14, Active Voice in the best texts (some have the Middle), the aorist tense signifying complete decision, i.e., "resolve" (not "consider"); cp. Acts 5:4, "to conceive in the heart," and contrast Luke 1:66, "to lay up" (both have aorist tense, Middle Voice). See APPOINT, No. 3.

Notes: (1) In 1 Pet. 5:10, some texts have themelioo, "to lay a foundation," used metaphorically, and translated "settle," AV. (2) In Col. 1:23, AV, hedraios, lit., "seated" (hedra, "a seat"), is translated "settled" (RV, "steadfast"). (3) For epiluo see DETERMINE, No. 4.

Seven <1,,2033,hepta>
whence Eng. words beginning with "hept," corresponds to the Heb. sheba' (which is akin to saba', signifying "to be full, abundant"), sometimes used as an expression of fullness, e.g., Ruth 4:15: it generally expresses completeness, and is used most frequently in the Apocalypse; it is not found in the Gospel of John, nor between the Acts and the Apocalypse, except in Heb. 11:30 (in Rom. 11:4 the numeral is heptakischilioi, "seven thousand"); in Matt. 22:26 it is translated "seventh" (marg., "seven").

Note: In 2 Pet. 2:5, RV, "Noah with seven others" is a translation into idiomatic English of the Greek idiom "Noah the eighth person" (so AV, translating literally). See EIGHT.

Seven times <1,,2034,heptakis>
occurs in Matt. 18:21,22; Luke 17:4 (twice).

Seventh <1,,1442,hebdomos>
occurs in John 4:52; Heb. 4:4 (twice); Jude 1:14; Rev. 8:1; 10:7; 11:15; 16:17; 21:20.

Seventy <1,,1440,hebdomekonta>
occurs in Luke 10:1,17; in Acts 7:14 it precedes pente, "five," lit., "seventy-five," rendered "threescore and fifteen;" for the details see FIFTEEN, Note (1); in Acts 23:23 it is translated "threescore and ten;" in Acts 27:37 it precedes hex, "six," lit., "seventy-six," rendered "threescore and sixteen."

Seventy times <1,,1441,hebdomekontakis>
occurs in Matt. 18:22, where it is followed by hepta, "seven," "seventy times seven;" RV marg. has "seventy times and seven," which many have regarded as the meaning; cp. Gen. 4:24 (Winer, in Winer-Moulton, Gram., p. 314, remarks that while this would be the strict meaning, it "would not suit the passage;" his translator, W. F. Moulton, in a footnote, expresses the opinion that it would. So also J.H. Moulton, Prol., p. 98, says: "A definite allusion to the Genesis story is highly probable: Jesus pointedly sets against the natural man's craving for seventy-sevenfold revenge the spiritual man's ambition to exercise the privilege of seventy-sevenfold forgiveness").

The Lord's reply "until seventy times seven" was indicative of completeness, the absence of any limit, and was designed to turn away Peter's mind from a merely numerical standard. God's forgiveness is limitless; so should man's be.

Sever <1,,2673,katargeo>
lit., "to reduce to inactivity" (see ABOLISH, where all the ocurrences are given), is rendered "ye are severed (from Christ)" in Gal. 5:4, RV; the aorist tense indicates that point of time at which there was an acceptance of the Judaistic doctrines; to those who accepted these Christ would be of no profit, they were as branches severed from the tree.

<2,,873,aphorizo>
"to separate from," is used of the work of the angels at the end of this age, in "severing" the wicked from among the righteous, Matt. 13:49, a premillennial act quite distinct from the rapture of the Church as set forth in 1 Thess. 4. See DIVIDE, No. 1.

Several <1,,2398,idios>
"one's own," is translated "several (ability)," in Matt. 25:15.

Note: For Rev. 21:21, "the several gates," RV, see EVERY, No. 3.

Severally <1,,2398,idia>
the dative case, feminine, of idios (see above), is used adverbially, signifying "severally," in 1 Cor. 12:11.

Notes: (1) In Rom. 12:5, kata (kath') followed by the numeral heis, "one," and preceded by the article, signifies "severally," RV (AV, "every one"). Cp. EVERY, Note (1). (2) In 1 Cor. 12:27, RV, the phrase ek merous, lit., "out of a part" (meros), is rendered "severally" (AV, "in particular"). (3) In Heb. 9:5, RV, the phrase kata meros, lit., "according to a part," is rendered "severally." (4) For Eph. 5:33, RV, "severally," see EVERY, No. 3.

Severity <1,,663,apotomia>
"steepness, sharpness" (apo, "off," temno, "to cut;" tome, "a cutting"), is used metaphorically in Rom. 11:22 (twice) of "the severity of God," which lies in His temporary retributive dealings with Israel. In the papyri it is used of exacting to the full the provisions of a statue. Cp. the adverb apotomos, "sharply" (which see).

<2,,857,apheidia>
primarily "extravagance" (a, negative, pheidomai, "to spare"), hence, "unsparing treatment, severity," is used in Col. 2:23, RV, "severity (to the body)," AV, "neglecting of" (marg., "punishing, not sparing"); here it refers to ascetic discipline; it was often used among the Greeks of courageous exposure to hardship and danger.

Sew <1,,1976,epirapto | epirrhapto> (epi, "upon," rhapto, "to sew or stitch"), is used in Mark 2:21.

Shadow (Noun) <1,,4639,skia>
is used (a) of "a shadow," caused by the interception of light, Mark 4:32, Acts 5:15; metaphorically of the darkness and spiritual death of ignorance, Matt. 4:16; Luke 1:79; (b) of "the image" or "outline" cast by an object, Col. 2:17, of ceremonies under the Law; of the tabernacle and its appurtenances and offerings, Heb. 8:5; of these as appointed under the Law, Heb. 10:1.

<2,,644,aposkiasma>
"a shadow," is rendered "shadow that is cast" in Jas. 1:17, RV; the AV makes no distinction between this and No. 1. The probable significance of this word is "overshadowing" or "shadowing-over" (which apo may indicate), and this with the genitive case of trope, "turning," yields the meaning "shadowing-over of mutability" implying an alternation of "shadow" and light; of this there are two alternative explanations, namely, "overshadowing" (1) not caused by mutability in God, or (2) caused by change in others, i.e., "no changes in this lower world can cast a shadow on the unchanging Fount of light" [Mayor, who further remarks, "The meaning of the passage will then be, 'God is alike incapable of change (parallage) and incapable of being changed by the action of others'"].

Shadowing * For SHADOWING, Heb. 9:5, AV, see OVERSHADOW

Shake <1,,4531,saleuo>
"to agitate shake," primarily of the action of stormy winds, waves, etc., is used (a) literally, of a reed, Matt. 11:7; Luke 7:24; a vessel, "shaken" in filling, Luke 6:38; a building, Luke 6:48; Acts 4:31; 16:26; the natural forces of the heavens and heavenly bodies, Matt. 24:29; Mark 13:25; Luke 21:26; the earth, Heb. 12:26, "shook;" (b) metaphorically, (1) of "shaking" so as to make insecure, Heb. 12:27 (twice); (2) of casting down from a sense of security, Acts 2:25, "I should (not) be moved;" (3) to stir up (a crowd), Acts 17:13; (4) to unsettle, 2 Thess. 2:2, "(to the end that) ye be not (quickly) shaken (from your mind)," i.e., from their settled conviction and the purpose of heart begotten by it, as to the return of Christ before the Day of the Lord begins; the metaphor may be taken from the loosening of a ship from its moorings by a storm. See MOVE, STIR.

<2,,4579,seio>
"to shake to and fro," is rendered "to shake" in Matt. 28:4, AV; Heb. 12:26, AV; Rev. 6:13, AV and RV; see MOVE, No. 3.

<3,,660,apotinasso>
"to shake off" (apo, "from," tinasso, "to shake"), is used in Luke 9:5, of dust from the feet; Acts 28:5, of a viper from the hand. In the Sept., Judg. 16:20; 1 Sam 10:2; Lam. 2:7.

<4,,1621,ektinasso>
"to shake out," is used of "shaking off" the dust from the feet, Matt. 10:14; Mark 6:11; Acts 13:51; of "shaking out" one's raiment, Acts 18:6.

Shall <1,,3195,mello>
"to be about (to be or do)," is used of purpose, certainty, compulsion or necessity. It is rendered simply by "shall" or "should" (which frequently represent elsewhere part of the future tense of the verb) in the following (the RV sometimes translates differently, as noted): Matt. 16:27 (1st part), lit., "is about to come;" Matt. 17:12,22; 20;22, RV, "am about;" Matt. 24:6; Mark 13:4 (2nd part), RV "are about;" Luke 9:44; 21:7 (2nd part), RV, "are about;" Luke 21:36; Acts 23:3; 24:15; 26:2, RV, "I am (to);" Rom. 4:24; 8:13 (1st part), RV, "must;" Rom. 8:18; 2 Tim. 4:1; Heb. 1:14; 10:27; Jas. 2:12, RV, "are to;" 1 Pet. 5:1; Rev. 1:19; 2:10 (1st and 2nd parts), RV, "art about," "is about;" Rev. 3:10, RV, "is (to);" Rev. 17:8 (1st part), RV, "is about." See ABOUT, B.

Notes: (1) The use of "shall, shalt," is frequently part of the rendering of a future tense of a verb. (2) The phrase "it shall come to pass" is the rendering of the future tense of eimi, "to be," in Acts 2:17,21; 3:23; Rom. 9:26.

Shambles <1,,3111,makellon>
a term of late Greek borrowed from the Latin macellum, denotes a "meat market," translated "shambles" in 1 Cor. 10:25. The word is found in the koine, or vernacular Greek covering the time of the NT, illustrating this passage (see Deissmann, Light from the Ancient East, 274). A plan, drawn by Lietzmann, of a forum in Pompeii, shows both the slaughterhouse and the meat shop next to the chapel of Caesar. Some of the meat which had been used for sacrifical purposes was afterwards sold in the markets. The Apostle enjoins upon the believer to enter into no inquiry, so as to avoid the troubling of conscience (contrast 1 Cor. 10:28).

Shame (Noun, and Verb) <A-1,Noun,819,atimia>
signifies (a) "shame, disgrace," Rom 1:26, "vile (passions)," RV, lit., "(passions) of shame;" 1 Cor. 11:14; (b) "dishonor," e.g. 2 Tim. 2:20, where the idea of disgrace of "shame" does not attach to the use of the word; the meaning is that while in a great house some vessels are designed for purposes of honor, others have no particular honor (time) attached to their use (the prefix a simply negatives the idea of honor). See DISHONOR.

<A-2,Noun,152,aischune>
See ASHAMED, B, No. 1.

<A-3,Noun,1791,entrope>
1 Cor. 6:5; 15:34. See ASHAMED, B, No. 2.

<A-4,Noun,808,aschemosune>
denotes (a) "unseemliness," Rom. 1:27, RV (AV, "that which is unseemly"); (b) "shame, nakedness," Rev. 16:15, a euphemism for No. 2.

<B-1,Adjective,150,aischros>
"base, shameful" (akin to aischos, "shame"), of that which is opposed to modesty or purity, is translated as a noun in 1 Cor. 11:6; 14:35, AV (RV, "shameful"); Eph. 5:12; in Titus 1:11, "filthy (lucre)," lit., "shameful (gain)." See FILTHY.

<C-1,Verb,818,atimazo>
"to dishonor, put to shame" (akin to A, No. 1): see DISHONOR, C, No. 1.

<C-2,Verb,1788,entrepo>
lit., "to turn in upon, to put to shame" (akin to A, No. 3), is translated "to shame (you)" in 1 Cor. 4:14. See ASHAMED, A, No. 4.

<C-3,Verb,2617,kataischuno>
"to put to shame" (kata, perhaps signifying "utterly"), is translated "ye ... shame (them)" in 1 Cor. 11:22, AV, RV, "ye ... put (them) to shame." See ASHAMED, A, No. 3.

<C-4,Verb,3856,paradeigmatizo>
signifies "to set forth as an example" (para, "beside," deiknumi, "to show"), and is used in Heb. 6:6 of those Jews, who, though attracted to, and closely associated with, the Christian faith, without having experienced more than a tasting of the heavenly gift and partaking of the Holy Ghost (not actually receiving Him), were tempted to apostatize to Judaism, and, thereby crucifying the Son of God a second time, would "put Him to an open shame." So were criminals exposed. In the Sept., Num. 25:4; Jer. 13:22; Ezek. 28:17.

Shamefastness (AV, Shamefacedness) <1,,127,aidos>
"a sense of shame, modesty," is used regarding the demeanor of women in the church, 1 Tim. 2:9 (some mss. have it in Heb. 12:28 for deos, "awe:" here only in NT). "Shamefastness is that modesty which is 'fast' or rooted in the character ... The change to 'shamefacedness' is the more to be regretted because shamefacedness ... has come rather to describe an awkward diffidence, such as we sometimes call sheepishness" (Davies; Bible English, p. 12).

As to aidos and aischune (see ASHAMED, B, No. 1), aidos is more objective, having regard to others; it is the stronger word. "Aidos would always restrain a good man from an unworthy act, aischune would sometimes restrain a bad one" (Trench, Syn. xix, xx).

Shamefully (entreat) * Note: This forms part of the rendering of (a) atimazo, Mark 12:4, Luke 20:11, see DISHONOR, C, No. 1, ENTREAT, Note, HANDLE, No. 4; (b) hubrizo, "to insult," Acts 14:5, RV; 1 Thess. 2:2, "were (RV, having been) shamefully entreated." See SPITEFULLY.

Shape <1,,1491,eidos>
rendered "shape" in the AV of Luke 3:22; John 5:37: see FORM, No. 4.

<2,,3667,homoioma>
rendered "shapes" in Rev. 9:7: see LIKENESS, No. 1.

Sharers * For SHARERS (Heb. 2:14) see PARTAKE, B, No. 1.

Sharp, Sharper, Sharply, Sharpness <A-1,Adjective,3691,oxus>
denotes (a) "sharp" (Eng., "oxy---,)," said of a sword, Rev. 1:16; 2:12; 19:15; of a sickle, Rev. 14:14,17,18 (twice); (b) of motion, "swift," Rom. 3:15. See SWIFT.

<A-2,Adjective,5114,tomos>
akin to temno, "to cut" [Eng., "(ana)tomy," etc.], is used metaphorically in the comparative degree, tomoteros, in Heb. 4:12, of the Word of God.

<B-1,Adverb,664,apotomos>
signifies "abruptly, curtly," lit., "in a manner that cuts" (apo, "from," temno, "to cut," hence "sharply, severely," 2 Cor. 13:10, RV, "(that I may not... deal) sharply," AV, "(use) sharpness;" the pronoun "you" is to be understood, i.e., "that I may not use (or deal with) ... sharply;" Titus 1:13, of rebuking. Cp. apotomia, "severity."

Shave <1,,3587,xurao>
a late form of xureo, or xuro, from xuron, "a razor," occurs in Acts 21:24 (Middle Voice), in connection with a vow (Num. 6:2-18; cp. Acts 18:18: see SHEAR); 1 Cor. 11:5,6 (2nd part in each).

She * Note: The words under HE in their feminine forms are used for this pronoun.

Shear, Shearer, Shorn <1,,2751,keiro>
is used (a) of "shearing sheep," Acts 8:32, "shearer," lit., "the (one) shearing:" (b) in the Middle Voice, "to have one's hair cut off, be shorn," Acts 18:18; 1 Cor. 11:6 (twice; cp. xurao, "to shave;" see above).

Sheath <1,,2336,theke>
"a place to put something in" (akin to tithemi, "to put"), "a receptacle, chest, case," is used of the "sheath" of a sword, John 18:11.

Shed <1,,1632,ekcheo>
"to pour out," is translated "to shed" or "to shed forth" in Acts 2:33; Titus 3:6, AV; of "shedding" blood in murder, Rom. 3:15. See POUR, No. 3.

<2,,1632,ekchuno | ekchunno> a later form of No. 1, is used of the voluntary giving up of His life by Christ through the "shedding" of His blood in crucifixion as an atoning sacrifice, Matt. 26:28; Mark 14:24; Luke 22:20, AV, "is shed," RV, "is poured out;" these passages do not refer to the effect of the piercing of His side (which took place after His death); of the murder of servants of God, Matt. 23:35; Luke 11:50; Acts 22:20 (in the best texts; others have No. 1); of the love of God in the hearts of believers through the Holy Spirit, Rom. 5:5. For the "pouring out" of the Holy Spirit, Acts 10:45, see POUR, No. 4. (The form in the last two passages might equally well come from No. 1, above.) See GUSH OUT, RUN, SPILL.

Sheep <1,,4263,probaton>
from probaino, "to go forward," i.e., of the movement of quadrupeds, was used among the Greeks of small cattle, sheep and goats; in the NT, of "sheep" only (a) naturally, e.g., Matt. 12:11,12; (b) metaphorically, of those who belong to the Lord, the lost ones of the house of Israel, Matt. 10:6; of those who are under the care of the Good Shepherd, e.g., Matt. 26:31; John 10:1, lit., "the fold of the sheep," and John 10:2-27; 21:16,17 in some texts; Heb. 13:20; of those who in a future day, at the introduction of the millennial kingdom, have shown kindness to His persecuted earthly people in their great tribulation, Matt. 25:33; of the clothing of false shepherds, Matt. 7:15; (c) figuratively, by way of simile, of Christ, Acts 8:32; of the disciples, e.g., Matt. 10:16; of true followers of Christ in general, Rom. 8:36; of the former wayward condition of those who had come under His Shepherd care, 1 Pet. 2:25; of the multitudes who sought the help of Christ in the days of His flesh, Matt. 9:36; Mark 6:34.

<2,,4263,probation>
a diminutive of No. 1, "a little sheep," is found in the best texts in John 21:16,17 (some have No. 1); distinct from arnia, "lambs" (ver. 15), but used as a term of endearment.

Note: For "keeping sheep," Luke 17:7, RV, see CATTLE.

Sheepfold * For SHEEPFOLD see FOLD

Sheep Gate, Sheep Market <1,,4262,probatikos>
an adjective, used in the grammatically feminine form, in John 5:2, to agree with pule, "a gate," understood, RV, "sheep gate" (not with agora, "a market," AV, "sheep market"). In the Sept., Neh. 3:1,32; 12:39. This "sheep gate" was near the Temple; the sacrifices for the Temple probably entered by it.

Sheepskin <1,,3374,melote>
from melon, "a sheep or goat," occurs in Heb. 11:37. In the Sept., 1 Kings 19:13,19; 2 Kings 2:8,13,14.

Sheet <1,,3607,othone>
primarily denoted "fine linen," later, "a sheet," Acts 10:11; 11:5. Cp. othonion, "linen."

Shekel, half Shekel <1,,4715,stater>
a teradrachmon or four drachmae, originally 224 grains, in Tyrian currency, but reduced in weight somewhat by the time recorded in Matt. 17:24; the value was about three shillings, and would pay the Temple tax for two persons, Matt. 17:27, RV, "shekel" (AV, "a piece of money"); in some mss., Matt. 26:16; see MONEY, Note.

<2,,1323,didrachmon>
"a half-shekel" (i.e., dis, "twice," drachme, "a drachma," the coin mentioned in Luke 15:8,9), was the amount of the tribute in the 1st cent., A.D., due from every adult Jew for the maintenance of the Temple services, Matt. 17:24 (twice). This was based on Exod. 30:13,24 (see also Exod. 38:24-26; Lev. 5:15; 27:3,25; Num. 3:47,50; 7:13ff.; 18:16).

Shepherd <1,,4166,poimen>
is used (a) in its natural significance, Matt. 9:36; 25:32; Mark 6:34; Luke 2:8,15,18,20; John 10:2,12; (b) metaphorically of Christ, Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27; John 10:11,14,16; Heb. 13:20; 1 Pet. 2:25; (c) metaphorically of those who act as pastors in the churches, Eph. 4:11. See PASTOR.

Shepherd (chief) * For CHIEF SHEPHERD see CHIEF, B, No. 3

Shew (show) <1,,1166,deiknumi | deiknuo> denotes (a) "to show, exhibit," e.g., Matt. 4:8; 8:4; John 5:20; 20:20; 1 Tim. 6:15; (b) "to show by making known," Matt. 16:21; Luke 24:40; John 14:8,9; Acts 10:28; 1 Cor. 12:31; Rev. 1:1; 4:1; 22:6; (c) "to show by way of proving," Jas. 2:18; 3:13.

<2,,322,anadeikumi>
signifies (a) "to lift up and show, show forth, declare" (ana, "up," and No. 1), Acts 1:24; (b) to "appoint," Luke 10:1. See APPOINT, No. 14.

<3,,1731,endeiknumi>
signifies (1) "to show forth, prove" (Middle Voice), said (a) of God as to His power, Rom. 9:17; His wrath, Rom. 9:22; the exceeding riches of His grace, Eph. 2:7; (b) of Christ, as to His longsuffering, 1 Tim. 1:16; (c) of Gentiles, as to "the work of the Law written in their hearts," Rom. 2:15; (d) of believers, as to the proof of their love, 2 Cor. 8:24; all good fidelity, Titus 2:10; meekness, Titus 3:2; love toward God's Name, Heb. 6:10; diligence in ministering to the saints, Heb. 6:11; (2) "to manifest by evil acts," 2 Tim. 4:14, "did (me much evil)," marg., "showed."

<4,,1925,epideiknumi>
epi, "upon," intensive, and No. 1, signifies (a) "to exhibit, display," Matt. 16:1; 22:19; 24:1; Luke 17:14 (in some mss. 24:40; No. 1 in the best texts); in the Middle Voice, "to display," with a special interest in one's own action, Acts 9:39; (b) "to point out, prove, demonstrate," Acts 18:28; Heb. 6:17.

<5,,5263,hupodeiknumi>
primarily, "to show secretly (hupo, 'under'), or by tracing out," hence, "to make known, warn," is translated "to show" in Luke 6:47; Acts 9:16; in Acts 20:35, AV (RV, "I gave ... an example"). See EXAMPLE, WARN.

<6,,4160,poieo>
"to make, to do," is translated, "He hath showed" in Luke 1:51; "to show (mercy)," Luke 1:72, RV (AV, "perform"); "showed (mercy)," Luke 10:37; John 6:30, AV, "showest Thou," RV, "doest Thou (for a sign);" Acts 7:36, AV, "showed," RV, "wrought;" Jas. 2:13, "showed (no mercy);" in Mark 13:22 in the best texts (some have didomi), "shall show (signs)." See DO, No. 1.

<7,,3377,menuo>
"to disclose, make known" (what was secret), is rendered "to show" in Luke 20:37; 1 Cor. 10:28; in a forensic sense, John 11:57; Acts 23:30, RV (AV, "it was told"). See TELL.

<8,,3936,paristemi>
"to show," in Acts 1:3; 2 Tim. 2:15 (AV): see PRESENT, No. 1.

<9,,3930,parecho>
"to afford, give, show," etc., in the Active Voice, is translated "showed" in Acts 28:2; in the Middle Voice, "showing" in Titus 2:7 (1st part). See BRING, No. 21.

<10,,1804,exangello>
"to tell out, proclaim abroad, to publish completely" (ek, or ex, "out," angello, "to proclaim"), is rendered "show forth" in 1 Pet. 2:9; it indicates a complete proclamation (verbs compounded with ek often suggest what is to be done fully).

<11,,1325,didomi>
"to give," is rendered "to show" in Matt. 24:24. See also No. 6.

Notes: The AV translates the following words by the verb "to show" in the passages indicated. The RV gives the better renderings: (1) apodeiknumi ("to demonstrate"), 2 Thess. 2:4, "setting (himself) forth," see SET, No. 17; (2) anangello ("to declare"), Matt. 11:4, "tell;" John 16:13-15, "declare;" John 16:25, "shall tell;" Acts 19:18; 20:20, "declaring;" (3) katangello, Acts 16:17; 26:23; 1 Cor. 11:26, "proclaim;" in the last passage the partaking of the elements at the Lord's Supper is not a "showing forth" of His death, but a proclamation of it; (4) phaneroo, John 7:4; 21:1 (twice),14; Rom. 1:19, "to manifest;" (5) deloo, ("to make plain"), 2 Pet. 1:14, "signify;" (6) diegeomai ("to recount"), Luke 8:39, "declare;" (7) emphanizo ("to manifest"), Acts 23:22, "hast signified;" (8) euangelizo, Luke 1:19, "to bring glad tidings;" (9) katatithemi ("to lay up"), Acts 24:27, "to gain;" (10) lego ("to tell"), 1 Cor. 15:51, "I tell;" (11) energeo, Matt. 14:2; Mark 6:14, "work;" (12) ophthe (lit., "was seen"), Acts 7:26, "He appeared;" (13) ginomai ("to become"), Acts 4:22, "was wrought;" (14) in Acts 10:40, emphanes, "manifest," with didomi, "to give," and ginomai, "to become," gave ... to be made manifest" (AV "showed ... openly"); (15) apangello ("to announce"), Matt. 11:4, "tell;" Matt. 12:18, "declare;" Matt. 28:11, "told;" Luke 14:21, "told;" Acts 26:20, "declare;" Acts 28:21, "report;" 1 Thess. 1:9, "report;" 1 John 1:2, "declare;" (16) In Luke 1:58, AV, megaluno, to magnify (RV), is rendered "shewed great." (17) See also SHEWING.

Shew before * For SHEW BEFORE see FORESHEW

Shewbread * Note: The phrase rendered "the shewbread" is formed by the combination of the nouns prothesis, "a setting forth" (pro, "before," tithemi, "to place") and artos, "a loaf" (in the plural), each with the article, Matt. 12:4; Mark 2:26; Luke 6:4, lit., "the loaves of the setting forth;" in Heb. 9:2, lit., "the setting forth of the loaves." The corresponding OT phrases are lit., "bread of the face," Exod. 25:30, i.e., the presence, referring to the Presence of God (cp. Isa. 63:9 with Exod. 33:14,15); "the bread of ordering," 1 Chron. 9:32, marg. In Num. 4:7 it is called "the continual bread;" in 1 Sam. 21:4,6, "holy bread" (AV, "hallowed"). In the Sept. of 1 Kings 7:48, it is called "the bread of the offering" (prosphora, "a bearing towards"). The twelve loaves, representing the tribes of Israel, were set in order every Sabbath day before the Lord, "on the behalf of the children," Lev. 24:8, RV (marg., and AV, "from"), "an everlasting covenant." The loaves symbolized the fact that on the basis of the sacrificial atonement of the Cross, believers are accepted before God, and nourished by Him in the Person of Christ. The showbread was partaken of by the priests, as representatives of the nation. Priesthood now being coextensive with all who belong to Christ, 1 Pet. 2:5,9, He, the Living Bread, is the nourishment of all, and where He is, there, representatively, they are.

Shewing <1,,323,anadeixis>
"a shewing forth" (ana, "up or forth," and deiknumi, "to show"), is translated "showing" in Luke 1:80.

Note: For "showing," Rom. 3:25,26, RV, see DECLARE, B.

Shield <1,,2375,thureos>
formerly meant "a stone for closing the entrance of a cave;" then, "a shield," large and oblong, protecting every part of the soldier; the word is used metaphorically of faith, Eph. 6:16, which the believer is to take up "in (en in the original) all" (all that has just been mentioned), i.e., as affecting the whole of his activities.

Shine, Shining <A-1,Verb,5316,phaino>
"to cause to appear," denotes, in the Active Voice, "to give light, shine," John 1:5; 5:35; in Matt. 24:27, Passive Voice; so Phil. 2:15, RV, "ye are seen" (for AV, "ye shine"); 2 Pet. 1:19 (Active); so 1 John 2:8; Rev. 1:16; in Rev. 8:12; 18:23 (Passive); Rev. 21:23 (Active). See APPEAR.

<A-2,Verb,2014,epiphaino>
"to shine upon" (epi, "upon," and No. 1), is so translated in Luke 1:79, RV (AV, "to give light"). See APPEAR, No. 2.

<A-3,Verb,2989,lampo>
"to shine as a torch," occurs in Matt. 5:15,16; 17:2; Luke 17:24; Acts 12:7; 2 Cor. 4:6 (twice): see LIGHT, B, No. 3.

<A-4,Verb,4744,stilbo>
"to shine, glisten," is used in Mark 9:3 of the garments of Christ at His transfiguration, RV, "glistering," AV, "shining." Cp. exastrapto, "dazzling," in Luke 9:29, RV.

<A-5,Verb,1584,eklampo>
"to shine forth" (ek, "out" and No. 3), is used in Matt. 13:43, of the future shining "forth" of the righteous "in the Kingdom of their Father."

<A-6,Verb,4034,perilampo>
"to shine around" (peri, "around," and No. 3), is used in Luke 2:9, "shone round about," of the glory of the Lord; so in Acts 26:13, of the light from Heaven upon Saul of Tarsus.

<A-7,Verb,4015,periastrapto>
"to flash around, shine round about" (peri, and astrape, "shining brightness"), is used in Acts 9:3; 22:6 of the same circumstance as in 26:13 (No. 6).

<A-8,Verb,2017,epiphausko | epiphauo> "to shine forth," is used figuratively of Christ upon the slumbering believer who awakes and arises from among the dead, Eph. 5:14, RV, "shall shine upon thee" (AV, "shall give thee light").

<B-1,Noun,796,astrape>
denotes (a) "lightning," (b) "bright shining," of a lamp, Luke 11:36. See LIGHTNING. Cp. No. 7, above, and Note (1) below.

Notes: (1) In Luke 24:4, AV, astrapto, "to lighten," is translated "shining" (RV, "dazzling"). (2) In 2 Cor. 4:4; AV, augazo, "to shine forth," is translated "shine" (RV, "dawn").

Ship, Shipping <1,,4143,ploion>
akin to pleo, "to sail," a boat or a ship, always rendered appropriately "boat" in the RV in the Gospels; "ship" in the Acts; elsewhere, Jas. 3:4; Rev. 8:9; 18:17 (in some mss.),19. See BOAT, No. 2.

<2,,4142,ploiarion>
a diminutive form of No. 1, is translated "ship" in the AV of Mark 3:9; 4:36; John 21:8; "(took) shipping" in John 6:24, AV, RV "(got into the) boats." See BOAT, No. 1.

<3,,3491,naus>
denotes "a ship" (Lat. navis, Eng. "nautical," "naval," etc.), Acts 27:41. Naus, in classical Greek the ordinary word for a "ship," survived in Hellenistic Greek only as a literary word, but disappeared from popular speech (Moulton, Proleg., p. 25). Blass (Philology of the Gospels, p. 186) thinks the solitary Lucan use of naus was due to a reminiscence of the Homeric phrase for beaching a "ship."

Note: For epibaino, Acts 21:6, "we took ship," see TAKE, Note (16).

Ship (owner of the) * For OWNER OF THE SHIP see OWNER, No. 2

Shipmen * For SHIPMEN see MARINERS

Shipmaster * For SHIPMASTER see MASTER, A, No. 7

Shipwreck <1,,3489,nauageo>
signifies (a) literally, "to suffer shipwreck" (naus, "a ship," agnumi, "to break"), 2 Cor. 11:25; (b) metaphorically, "to make shipwreck," 1 Tim. 1:19, "concerning the faith," as the result of thrusting away a good conscience (both verbs in this ver. are in the aorist tense, signifying the definiteness of the acts).

Shivers * For SHIVERS (Rev. 2:27) see BREAK, A, No. 5

Shod * For SHOD see BIND, No. 3