<2,,2082,esoteros>
the comparative degree of No. 1, denotes "inner," Acts 16:24 (of a prison); Heb. 6:19, with the article, and practically as a noun, "that which is within (the veil)," lit., "the inner (of the veil)." Cp. Eng., esoteric.

Note: For "inner chamber(s)" see CHAMBER, No. 1.

Innocent <1,,121,athoos>
primarily denotes "unpunished" (a, negative, thoe, "a penalty"); then, "innocent," Matt. 27:4, "innocent blood," i.e., the blood of an "innocent" person, the word "blood" being used both by synecdoche (a part standing for the whole), and by metonymy (one thing standing for another), i.e., for death by execution (some mss. have dikaion, "righteous"); Matt. 27:24, where Pilate speaks of himself as "innocent."

<2,,172,akakos>
lit., "not bad" (a, negative, kakos, "bad"), denotes "guileless, innocent," Rom. 16:18, RV, "innocent" (AV, "simple"); "harmless" in Heb. 7:26. See HARMLESS.

Innumerable <1,,382,anarithmetos>
a, negative, n, euphonic, arithmeo "to number," is used in Heb. 11:12.

<2,,3461,murias>
denotes either "ten thousand," or, "indefinitely, a myriad, a numberless host," in the plural, Acts 19:19; lit. "five ten-thousands," Rev. 5:11; 9:16; in the following, used of vast numbers, Luke 12:1, AV, "an innumerable multitude," RV, "the many thousands" (RV marg., "the myriads"); Acts 21:20, "thousands;" Heb. 12:22, "innumerable hosts;" Jude 1:14, "ten thousands" (RV, marg., in each place, "myriads"). See COMPANY, THOUSANDS. Cp. the adjective murios, "ten thousand," Matt. 18:24; 1 Cor. 4:15; 14:19.

Inordinate * For INORDINATE see AFFECTION, No. 1

Inquire, Inquiry (make) <A-1,Verb,4441,punthanomai>
"to inquire," is translated "inquired" in Matt. 2:4; Acts 21:33, RV (AV, "demanded"); in Luke 15:26; 18:36; Acts 4:7 (AV, "asked"); "inquired" (AV, "inquired") in John 4:52; "inquire" (AV, "inquire") in Acts 23:20; in Acts 23:34 it denotes "to learn by inquiry," AV, and RV, "when (he) understood;" elsewhere it is rendered by the verb "to ask," Acts 10:18,29; 23:19. See ASK, UNDERSTAND.

<A-2,Verb,2212,zeteo>
"to seek," is rendered "inquire" in John 16:19; "inquire ... for" in Acts 9:11. See ABOUT, B, Note, DESIRE, ENDEAVOR, GO, Note (2), a, REQUIRE, SEEK.

<A-3,Verb,1331,dierotao>
"to find by inquiry, to inquire through to the end" (dia, intensive, erotao, "to ask"), is used in Acts 10:17.

<A-4,Verb,1833,exetazo>
"to examine, seek out, inquire thoroughly," is translated "inquire" in Matt. 10:11, AV (RV, "search out"); in John 21:12, "durst inquire," RV [AV, "(durst) ask"]; in Matt. 2:8, RV, "search out" (AV, "search"). See ASK, SEARCH.

Notes: (1) Epizeteo, "to seek after or for" (epi, "after," zeteo, "to seek"), is rendered "inquire" in Acts 19:39, AV (RV, "seek"). (2) Sunzeteo, "to search" or "examine together," is rendered "to inquire" in Luke 22:23, AV (RV, "to question"). (3) Ekzeteo, "to seek out, search after," is rendered "have inquired" in 1 Pet. 1:10, AV (RV, "sought"). (4) Diaginosko, "to ascertain exactly," or "to determine," is rendered "inquire" in Acts 23:15, AV (RV, "judge"). (5) Akriboo, "to learn by diligent or exact inquiry," is rendered "inquired diligently" and "had diligently inquired" respectively, in Matt. 2:7,16, AV (RV, "learned carefully," and "had carefully learned"). (6) In 2 Cor. 8:23, the words "any inquire" are inserted to complete the meaning, lit., "whether about Titus."

<B-1,Noun,2214,zetesis>
primarily denotes "a search;" then, "an inquiry, a questioning, debate;" it forms part of a phrase translated by the verb "to inquire," in Acts 25:20, RV, "how to inquire," lit. "(being perplexed as to) the inquiry." See QUESTION.

Inscription <1,,1924,epigrapho>
"to write upon, inscribe" (epi, "upon," grapho, "to write"), is usually rendered by the verb "to write upon, over, or in," Mark 15:26; Heb. 8:10; 10:16; Rev. 21:12; it is translated by a noun phrase in Acts 17:23, "(with this) inscription," lit., "(on which) had been inscribed." Cp. the noun epigraphe, "a superscription."

Inside <1,,1787,entos>
an adverb denoting "within," or "among," is once used with the article, as a noun, of "the inside (of the cup and of the platter)," Matt. 23:26, RV (AV, "that which is within etc."); elsewhere, Luke 17:21. See WITHIN.

<2,,2081,esothen>
an adverb denoting "from within," or "within," is used with the article, as a noun, of the inner being, the secret intents of the heart, which, the Lord declared, God made, as well as the visible physical frame, Luke 11:40. In Luke 11:39, it is rendered "inward part." See INWARD, WITHIN.

Insolent <1,,5197,hubristes>
"violent, injurious, insolent," is rendered "insolent" in Rom. 1:30, RV (AV, "despiteful"). See DESPITEFUL, INJURIOUS.

Insomuch that, or as <1,,5620,hoste>
a consecutive particle, is used with the meaning "insomuch that," or "so that," or "that," to express the effect or result of anything, e.g., Matt. 8:24; 13:54; 15:31; 27:14; Acts 1:19 (AV, "insomuch as"); 5:15; 19:12 (AV, "so that"); 2 Cor. 1:8; Gal. 2:13. See WHEREFORE.

<2,,1519,eis to> lit., "unto the," followed by the infinitive mood, is sometimes used of result, and is rendered "insomuch that" in 2 Cor. 8:6.

<3,,2526,katho>
is translated "insomuch as" in 1 Pet. 4:13, RV (AV, "inasmuch as"). See INASMUCH.

Inspiration of God, Inspired of God <1,,2315,theopneustos>
"inspired by God" (Theos, "God," pneo, "to breathe"), is used in 2 Tim. 3:16, of the Scriptures as distinct from non-inspired writings. Wycliffe, Tyndale, Coverdale and the Great Bible have the rendering "inspired of God."

Instant, be Instant, Instantly <A-1,Verb,1945,epikeimai>
"to lie" or "press upon," is rendered "they were instant" in Luke 23:23 (Amer. RV, "they were urgent"). See IMPOSE.

<A-2,Verb,2186,ephistemi>
"to set upon or by," is used in the NT intransitively, either in the Middle Voice, or in certain tenses of the Active, signifying "to stand by, be present, be at hand, come on or upon," and is translated "be instant" in 2 Tim. 4:2. See ASSAULT, COME, etc.

Note: For proskartereo, in Rom. 12:12, AV, rendered "continuing instant," RV, "steadfastly," see CONTINUE, No. 9.

<B-1,Noun,4709,spoudaios>
"earnestly, diligently," is rendered "instantly" in Luke 7:4, AV (RV, "earnestly"). See EARNEST.

Note: For the phrase en ekteneia, rendered "instantly" in Acts 26:7, AV, see EARNEST, D.

Instruct, Instruction, Instructor <A-1,Verb,2727,katecheo>
"to teach orally, inform, instruct," is translated by the verb "to instruct" in Luke 1:4; Acts 18:25 (RV marg., "taught by word of mouth"); Rom. 2:18; 1 Cor. 14:19, RV (AV, "teach"). See INFORM, TEACH.

<A-2,Verb,3811,paideuo>
"to train children, teach," is rendered "was instructed," in Acts 7:22, RV (AV, "learned"); "instructing" in 2 Tim. 2:25, AV (RV, "correcting"); Titus 2:12, RV, "instructing" (AV, "teaching"). The verb is used of the family discipline, as in Heb. 12:6,7,10; cp. 1 Cor. 11:32; 2 Cor. 6:9; Rev. 3:19. In 1 Tim. 1:20 (Passive Voice) it is translated "might be taught," RV (AV, "may learn"), but, "however the passage is to be understood, it is clear that not the impartation of knowledge but severe discipline is intended. In Luke 23:16,22, Pilate, since he had declared the Lord guiltless of the charge brought against Him, and hence could not punish Him, weakly offered, as a concession to the Jews, to 'chastise, paideuo, Him, and let Him go.'" * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, p. 165.]

This sense of paideuo is confirmed by Heb. 12:6, where it is joined (in a quotation from the Sept. of Prov. 3:12) with "to lash or scourge." Cp. the scene in the Pilgrim's Progress where a shining one with a whip of small cords "chastised sore" the pilgrims foolishly caught in the net of the flatterer and said to them, "As many as I love I rebuke and chasten" (paideuo). See CORRECT, TEACH.

<A-3,Verb,3100,matheteuo>
used transitively, "to make a disciple," is translated "which is instructed" in Matt. 13:52, AV (RV, "who hath been made a disciple"). See DISCIPLE.

<A-4,Verb,3453,mueo>
"to initiate into the mysteries," is used in the Passive Voice, in Phil. 4:12, AV, "I am instructed," RV, "have I learned the secret." See LEARN.

<A-5,Verb,4264,probibazo>
"to lead forward, lead on" (the casual of probaino, "to go forward;" pro, "forward," bibazo, "to lift up"), is used in the Passive Voice in Matt. 14:8, and translated, AV, "being before instructed," RV, "being put forward." Some mss. have it in Acts 19:33, instead of No. 6.

<A-6,Verb,4822,sumbibazo>
"to join, knit, unite" (sun, "with"), then, "to compare," and so, "to prove," hence, "to teach, instruct," is so rendered in 1 Cor. 2:16; it is found in the best mss. in Acts 19:33 (RV marg., "instructed"). See COMPACTED, CONCLUDE, KNIT TOGETHER, PROVE.

* (INSTRUCTION)

<B-1,Noun,3809,paideia>
"training, instruction," is translated "instruction" in 2 Tim. 3:16. See CHASTEN.

* (INSTRUCTOR)

<B-2,Noun,3807,paidagogos>
"a guide," or "guardian" or "trainer of boys," lit., "a child-leader" (pais, "a boy, or child," ago, "to lead"), "a tutor," is translated "instructors" in 1 Cor. 4:15, AV (RV, "tutors"); here the thought is that of pastors rather than teachers; in Gal. 3:24,25, AV, "schoolmaster" (RV, "tutor,"), but here the idea of instruction is absent. "In this and allied words the idea is that of training, discipline, not of impartation of knowledge. The paidagogos was not the instructor of the child; he exercised a general supervision over him and was responsible for his moral and physical well-being. Thus understood, paidagogos is appropriately used with 'kept in ward' and 'shut up,' whereas to understand it as equivalent to 'teacher' introduces an idea entirely foreign to the passage, and throws the Apostle's argument into confusion." * [* From Notes on Galatians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 163,164] Cp. epitropos, "a steward, guardian, tutor."

<B-3,Noun,3810,paideutes>
akin to A, No. 2, denotes (a) "an instructor, a teacher," Rom. 2:20, AV, "an instructor" (RV, "a corrector"); (b) "one who disciplines, corrects, chastens," Heb. 12:9, RV, "to chasten" [AV, "which corrected" (lit., "correctors")]. In (a) the discipline of the school is in view; in (b) that of the family. See CORRECTOR. Cp. epitropos, "a steward, guardian, tutor."

Instruments <1,,3696,hoplon>
"a tool, instrument, weapon," is used metaphorically in Rom. 6:13 of the members of the body as "instruments" (marg., "weapons"), negatively, of unrighteousness, positively, of righteousness. The metaphor is probably military (cp. ver. 23, "wages," i.e., soldiers' pay); Moule renders it "implements;" "weapons" seems to be the meaning. See ARMOR, WEAPONS.

Insurrection <A-1,Noun,4714,stasis>
akin to histemi, "to make to stand," denotes (a) primarily, "a standing or place," Heb. 9:8; (b) "an insurrection, sedition," translated "insurrection" in Mark 15:7; "insurrections" in Acts 24:5, RV (AV, "sedition"); in Luke 23:19,25 (AV "sedition"), "riot," Acts 19:40, RV (AV, "uproar"); (c) "a dissension," Acts 15:2; in Acts 23:7,10, "dissension." See DISSENSION.

<A-2,Noun,4955,stasiastes>
denotes "a rebel, revolutionist, one who stirs up sedition" (from stasiazo, "to stir up sedition"), Mark 15:7, "had made insurrection." Some mss. have sustasiastes, a fellow-rioter, a fellow-mover of sedition, AV, "had made insurrection with (him)."

<B-1,Verb,2721,katephistemi>
signifies "to rise up against" (lit., "to cause to stand forth against," kata, "against," epi, "forth," histemi, "to cause to stand"), Acts 18:12, AV, "made insurrection" (RV, "rose up against)."

Intend <1,,1014,boulomai>
"to will, wish, desire, purpose" (expressing a fixed resolve, the deliberate exercise of volition), is translated "intend" in Acts 5:28, and "intending" in Acts 12:4. See DESIRE.

<2,,2309,thelo>
"to will, be willing, desire" (less strong, and more frequent than No. 1), is translated "intending" in Luke 14:28, AV (RV, "desiring"). See DESIRE.

<3,,3195,mello>
"to be about to do a thing," indicating simply the formation of a design, is translated "intend" in Acts 5:35, AV (RV, "are about"); "intending," in Acts 20:7, RV (AV, "ready"); Acts 20:13 (1st part); in the 2nd part of the ver., RV, "intending" (AV, "minding").

Intent <1,,1771,ennoia>
primarily "a thinking, idea, consideration," denotes "purpose, intention, design" (en, in, nous, mind); it is rendered "intents" in Heb. 4:12; "mind," in 1 Pet. 4:1 (RV, marg., "thought"). See MIND. Cp. Enthumesis, "thought" (see DEVICE).

<2,,3056,logos>
"a word, account, etc.," sometimes denotes "a reason, cause, intent," e.g., Matt. 5:32, "cause;" it is rendered "intent" in Acts 10:29. See CAUSE.

Notes: (1) The phrase eis touto, lit., "unto this," i.e., "for this purpose," is rendered "for this (AV, 'that') intent" in Acts 9:21, RV (2) The phrase eis to, "unto the," followed by a verb in the infinitive mood, is translated "to the intent" in 1 Cor. 10:6. (3) The phrase pros ti, lit., "in reference to what," is rendered "for what intent" in John 13:28. (4) In John 11:15 the conjunction hina, "to the end that," is translated "to the intent," and in Eph. 3:10, "to the intent that."

Intercessions <A-1,Noun,1783,enteuxis>
primarily denotes "a lighting upon, meeting with" (akin to B); then, "a conversation;" hence, "a petition," a meaning frequent in the papyri; it is a technical term for approaching a king, and so for approaching God in "intercession;" it is rendered "prayer" in 1 Tim. 4:5; in the plural in 1 Tim. 2:1 (i.e., seeking the presence and hearing of God on behalf of others). For the synonymous words, proseuche, deesis, see PRAYER.

<B-1,Verb,1793,entunchano>
primarily "to fall in with, meet with in order to converse;" then, "to make petition," especially "to make intercession, plead with a person," either for or against others; (a) against, Acts 25:24, "made suit to (me)," RV [AV, "have dealt with (me)"], i.e., against Paul; in Rom. 11:2, of Elijah in "pleading" with God, RV (AV, "maketh intercession to"), against Israel; (b) for, in Rom. 8:27, of the intercessory work of the Holy Spirit for the saints; Rom. 8:34, of the similar intercessory work of Christ; so Heb. 7:25. See DEAL WITH, PLEAD, SUIT.

<B-2,Verb,5241,huperentunchano>
"to make a petition" or "intercede on behalf of another" (huper, "on behalf of," and No. 1), is used in Rom. 8:26 of the work of the Holy Spirit in making "intercession" (see No. 1, ver. 27).

Interest <1,,5110,tokos>
primarily "a bringing forth, birth" (from tikto, "to beget"), then, "an offspring," is used metaphorically of the produce of money lent out, "interest," usury, Matt. 25:27; Luke 19:23. See USURY.

Interposed <1,,3315,mesiteuo>
"to mediate, give surety" (akin to mesites, "a mediator"), is translated "interposed" in Heb. 6:17, RV. See CONFIRM, No. 5.

Interpret, Interpretation, Interpreter <A-1,Verb,2059,hermeneuo>
(cp. Hermes, the Greek name of the pagan god Mercury, who was regarded as the messenger of the gods), denotes "to explain, interpret" (Eng., "hermeneutics"), and is used of explaining the meaning of words in a different language, John 1:38 (in some mss.), see No. 3; John 9:7 ("Siloam," interpreted as "sent"); Heb. 7:2 (Melchizedec, "by interpretation," lit., "being interpreted," King of righteousness).

<A-2,Verb,1329,diermeneuo>
a strengthened form of No. 1 (dia, "through," used intensively), signifies "to interpret fully, to explain." In Luke 24:27, it is used of Christ in interpreting to the two on the way to Emmaus "in all the Scriptures the things concerning Himself," RV, "interpreted" (AV, "expounded"); in Acts 9:36, it is rendered "is by interpretation," lit., "being interpreted" (of Tabitha, as meaning Dorcas); in 1 Cor. 12:30; 14:5,13,27, it is used with reference to the temporary gift of tongues in the churches; this gift was inferior in character to that of prophesying unless he who spoke in a "tongue" interpreted his words, 1 Cor. 14:5; he was, indeed, to pray that he might interpret, 1 Cor. 14:13; only two, or at the most three, were to use the gift in a gathering, and that "in turn" (RV); one was to interpret; in the absence of an interpreter, the gift was not to be exercised, 1 Cor. 14:27. See EXPOUND.

<A-3,Verb,3177,methermeneuo>
"to change or translate from one language to another (meta, implying change, and No. 1), to interpret," is always used in the Passive Voice in the NT, "being interpreted," of interpreting the names, Immanuel, Matt. 1:23; Golgotha, Mark 15:22; Barnabas, Acts 4:36; in Acts 13:8, of Elymas, the verb is rendered "is ... by interpretation," lit., "is interpreted;" it is used of interpreting or translating sentences in Mark 5:41; 15:34; in the best mss., John 1:38 (Rabbi, interpreted as "Master"); John 1:41 (Messiah, interpreted as "Christ"); see No. 1.

* (INTERPRETATION)

<B-1,Noun,2058,hermeneia>
(or -ia), akin to A, No. 1, is used in 1 Cor. 12:10; 14:26 (see A, No. 2).

<B-2,Noun,1955,epilusis>
from epiluo, "to loose, solve, explain," denotes "a solution, explanation," lit., "a release" (epi, "up," luo, "to loose"), 2 Pet. 1:20, "(of private) interpretation;" i.e., the writers of Scripture did not put their own construction upon the "God-breathed" words they wrote.

Note: For "hard of interpretation," Heb. 5:11, RV, see UTTER, Note (1).

* (INTERPRETER)

<B-3,Noun,1328,diermeneutes>
lit., "a thorough interpreter" (cp. A, No. 2), is used in 1 Cor. 14:28 (some mss. have hermeneutes).

Interrogation <1,,1906,eperotema>
primarily a question or inquiry, denotes "a demand or appeal;" it is found in 1 Pet. 3:21, RV, "interrogation" (AV, "answer"). See ANSWER, Note. Some take the word to indicate that baptism affords a good conscience, an appeal against the accuser.

Into * For INTO see + p. 9

Intreat, Intreaty <A-1,Verb,2065,erotao>
"to ask, beseech," is rendered "intreat," e.g., in Phil. 4:3, AV (RV, "beseech"). See ASK.

<A-2,Verb,3870,parakaleo>
"to beseech, comfort, exhort," is rendered by the verb "to intreat" in Luke 8:31, RV, "intreated" (AV, "besought"); Luke 15:28; Acts 9:38, RV, "intreating" (AV, "desiring"); Acts 28:20, RV (AV, "called for"); 1 Cor. 4:13; 2 Cor. 9:5, RV (AV, "exhort"); 2 Cor. 10:1, RV (AV, "beseech"); 1 Tim. 5:1, AV (RV, "exhort"). See BESEECH.

<A-3,Verb,3868,paraiteomai>
"to ask to be excused, to beg," etc., is rendered "intreated" in Heb. 12:19, See AVOID.

<B-1,Adjective,2138,eupeithes>
"ready to obey" (eu, "well," peithomai, "to obey, to be persuaded"), "complaint," is translated "easy to be intreated" in Jas. 3:17, said of the widsom that is from above.

<C-1,Noun,3874,paraklesis>
"an appeal, a comfort, exhortation," etc., is translated "intreaty" in 2 Cor. 8:4.

Intrude (Col. 2:18) * For INTRUDE (Col. 2:18) see DWELL, A, No. 11

Intrust <1,,4100,pisteuo>
"to believe," also means "to entrust," and in the Active Voice is translated "to commit," in Luke 16:11; John 2:24; in the Passive Voice, "to be intrusted with," Rom. 3:2, RV, "they were intrusted with" (AV, "unto them were committed"), of Israel and the oracles of God; 1 Cor. 9:17, RV, "I have ... intrusted to me" (AV, "is committed unto me"), of Paul and the stewardship of the Gospel; so Gal. 2:7; Titus 1:3; in 1 Thess. 2:4, where he associates with himself his fellow missionaries, RV, "to be intrusted with" (AV, "to be put in trust with"). See BELIEVE, COMMIT.

Inventors <1,,2182,epheuretes>
"an inventor, contriver" (akin to epheurisko, "to find out;" epi, "on," used intensively, heurisko, "to find"), occurs in the plural in Rom. 1:30.

Invisible <1,,517,aoratos>
lit., "unseen" (a, negative, horao, "to see"), is translated "invisible" in Rom. 1:20, of the power and divinity of God; of God Himself, Col. 1:15; 1 Tim. 1:17; Heb. 11:27; of things unseen, Col. 1:16. In the Sept., Gen. 1:2; Isa. 45:3, "unseen (treasures)."

Inward (man, part), Inwardly <1,,2080,eso>
"within, inward," is used adjectivally in Rom. 7:22, "(the) inward (man);" 2 Cor. 4:16, with "man" expressed in the preceding clause, but not repeated in the original, "(our) inward (man)" (some mss. have esothen, "from within"); Eph. 3:16, RV, "(the) inward (man)" (AV, "inner"). See INNER, WITHIN.

<2,,2081,esothen>
is used in Luke 11:39, as a noun with the article, "part" being understood, "(your) inward part;" in Matt. 7:15 it has its normal use as an adverb, "inwardly." See WITHIN.

Note: In Rom. 2:29 the phrase en to krupto, lit., "in (the) secret, or hidden" ("part" being understood) is rendered "inwardly," said of a spiritual Jew, in contrast to the one who is merely naturally circumcised and so is one outwardly. See HIDE, SECRET.

Irksome <1,,3636,okneros>
"shrinking, timid" (from okneo, "to shrink, delay"), is used negatively in Phil. 3:1, RV, "irksome" (AV, "grievous"), i.e., "I do not hesitate;" in Matt. 25:26; Rom. 12:11, "slothful." See GRIEVOUS, SLOTHFUL.

Iron <A-1,Noun,4604,sideros>
"iron," occurs in Rev. 18:12.

<B-1,Adjective,4603,sidereos>
"of iron," occurs in Acts 12:10, of an iron gate; "of iron," Rev. 2:27; 9:9; 12:5; 19:15.

Island, Isle <1,,3520,nesos>
"an island," occurs in Acts 13:6; 27:26; 28:1,7,9,11; Rev. 1:9; 6:14; 16:20.

<2,,3519,nesion>
a diminutive of No. 1, "a small island," occurs in Acts 27:16, Cauda, RV.

Issue <A-1,Noun,1545,ekbasis>
"a way out," "way of escape," 1 Cor. 10:13 (ek, "out," baino, "to go"), is rendered "issue" in Heb. 13:7, RV, for AV, "end," regarding the manner of life of deceased spiritual guides. See END.

<A-2,Noun,4511,rhusis>
"a flowing" (akin to rheo, "to flow"), "an issue," is used in Mark 5:25; Luke 8:43,44.

Note: In Matt. 22:25, AV, sperma, "seed," is translated "issue" (RV, "seed").

<B-1,Verb,1607,ekporeuo>
"to cause to go forth" (ek, "out," poreuo, "to cause to go"), is used in the Middle Voice in Rev. 9:17,18, of the coming forth of fire, smoke and brimstone from the mouths of the symbolic horses in a vision, AV, "issued" (the RV renders it by the verb "to proceed"). See COME, DEPART, GO, PROCEED.

It * Note: The pronouns used are the same, in their neuter forms, as Nos. 1, 2, 3 under HE.

Itching <1,,2833,knetho>
"to scratch, tickle," is used in the Passive Voice, metaphorically, of an eagerness to hear, in 2 Tim. 4:3, lit., "itched (as to the hearing)," of those who, not enduring sound doctrine, heap to themselves teachers.

Itself * Note: The pronouns used are the same in their neuter forms, as those under HIMSELF.

Ivory <1,,1661,elephantinos>
an adjective from elephas (whence Eng., elephant), signifies "of ivory," Rev. 18:12.

Jacinth <A-1,Noun,5192,huakinthos>
primarily denoted "a hyacinth," probably the dark blue iris; then, "a precious stone," most likely the sapphire, Rev. 21:20.

<B-1,Adjective,5191,huakinthinos>
signifies "hyacinthine," perhaps primarily having the color of the hyacinth. Some regard its color as that of the martagon lily, a dusky red. According to Swete, the word in Rev. 9:17 is "doubtless meant to describe the blue smoke of a sulphurous flame."

Jailer <1,,1200,desmophulax>
"a prison keeper, jailer" (desmos, "a band," phulax, "a guard, keeper"), occurs in Acts 16:23,27,36.

Jangling * For JANGLING (1 Tim. 1:6, AV) see TALKING (vain)

Jasper <1,,2393,iaspis>
a Phoenician word (cp. Heb. yash'pheh, e.g., Exod. 28:20; 39:16), seems to have denoted a translucent stone of various colors, especially that of fire, Rev. 4:3; 21:11,18,19. The sardius and the jasper, of similar color, were the first and last stones on the breastplate of the high priest, Ex. 28:17,20.

Jealous, Jealousy <A-1,Noun,2205,zelos>
"zeal, jealousy," is rendered "jealousy" in the RV (AV, "envying") in Rom. 13:13; 1 Cor. 3:3; Jas. 3:14,16; in 2 Cor. 12:20 (AV, "envyings"); in Gal. 5:20, RV "jealousies" (AV, "emulations"); in Acts 5:17 (AV, "indignation"); in Acts 13:45 (AV, "envy"); in 2 Cor. 11:2 it is used in the phrase "with a godly jealousy," lit., "with a jealousy of God" (RV, marg.). See ENVY.

<B-1,Verb,2206,zeloo>
akin to A, "to be jealous, to burn with jealousy" (otherwise, to seek or desire eagerly), is rendered "moved with jealousy," in Acts 7:9; 17:5, RV (AV, "moved with envy"); in 1 Cor. 13:4, "envieth (not)," AV and RV; in Jas. 4:2, RV marg., "are jealous" (text "covet;" AV, "desire to have"). See AFFECT, Note, DESIRE.

<B-2,Verb,3863,parazeloo>
"to provoke to jealousy" (para, "beside," used intensively, and No. 1), is found in Rom. 10:19; 11:11, of God's dealings with Israel through his merciful dealings with Gentiles; in Rom. 11:14, RV, "I may provoke to jealousy" (AV, "... emulation") of the Apostle's evangelical ministry to Gentiles with a view to stirring his fellow nationals to a sense of their need and responsibilities regarding the Gospel; in 1 Cor. 10:22, of the provocation of God on the part of believers who compromise their Divine relationship by partaking of the table of demons; in Gal 5:20, of the works of the flesh.

Jeopardy * For JEOPARDY see DANGER

Jesting <1,,2160,eutrapelia>
properly denotes "wit, facetiousness, versatility" (lit., "easily turning," from eu, "well," trepo, "to turn"). It was used in the literal sense to describe the quick movements of apes and persons. Pericles speaks of the Athenians of his day (430 B.C.) as distinguished by a happy and gracious "flexibility." In the next century Aristotle uses it of "versatility" in the give and take of social intercourse, quick repartee. In the sixth century, B.C., the poet Pindar speaks of one Jason as never using a word of "vain lightness," a meaning deteriorated, and it came to denote "coarse jesting, ribaldry," as in Eph. 5:4, where it follows morologia, "foolish talking."

Jesus <1,,2424,iesous>
is a transliteration of the Heb. "Joshua," meaning "Jehovah is salvation," i.e., "is the Savior," "a common name among the Jews, e.g., Ex. 17:9; Luke 3:29 (RV); Col. 4:11. It was given to the Son of God in Incarnation as His personal name, in obedience to the command of an angel to Joseph, the husband of His Mother, Mary, shortly before He was born, Matt. 1:21. By it He is spoken of throughout the Gospel narratives generally, but not without exception, as in Mark 16:19,20; Luke 7:13, and a dozen other places in that Gospel, and a few in John.

"'Jesus Christ' occurs only in Matt. 1:1,18; 16:21, marg.; Mark 1:1; John 1:17; 17:3. In Acts the name 'Jesus' is found frequently. 'Lord Jesus' is the normal usage, as in Acts 8:16; 19:5,17; see also the reports of the words of Stephen, Acts 7:59, of Ananias, Acts 9:17, and of Paul, Acts 16:31; though both Peter, Acts 10:36, and Paul, Acts 16:18, also used 'Jesus Christ.'

"In the Epistles of James, Peter, John and Jude, the personal name is not once found alone, but in Rev. eight times (RV), Rev. 1:9; 12:17; 14:12; 17:6; 19:10 (twice); 20:4; 22:16.

"In the Epistles of Paul 'Jesus' appears alone just thirteen times, and in the Hebrews eight times; in the latter the title 'Lord' is added once only, at Heb. 13:20. In the Epistles of James, Peter John, and Jude, men who had companied with the Lord in the days of His flesh, 'Jesus Christ' is the invariable order (in the RV) of the Name and Title, for this was the order of their experience; as 'Jesus' they knew Him first, that He was Messiah they learnt finally in His resurrection. But Paul came to know Him first in the glory of heaven, Acts 9:1-6, and his experience being thus the reverse of theirs, the reverse order, 'Christ Jesus,' is of frequent occurrence in his letters, but, with the exception of Acts 24:24, does not occur elsewhere in the RV.

"In Paul's letter the order is always in harmony with the context. Thus 'Christ Jesus' describes the Exalted One who emptied Himself, Phil. 2:5, and testifies to His pre-existence; 'Jesus Christ' describes the despised and rejected One Who was afterwards glorified, Phil. 2:11, and testifies to His resurrection. 'Christ Jesus' suggests His grace, 'Jesus Christ' suggests His glory." * [* From Notes on Thessalonians, by Hogg and Vine, pp. 26,29.]

Jew(-s) (live as do the), Jewess, Jewish, Jewry, Jews' religion <A-1,Adjective,2453,ioudaios>
is used (a) adjectivally, with the lit. meaning, "Jewish," sometimes with the addition of aner, "a man," Acts 10:28; 22:3; in Acts 21:39 with anthropos, in some mss. (a man in the generic sense); the best mss. omit the phrase here; in Acts 13:6, lit., "a Jewish false-prophet;" in John 3:22, with the word chora, "land" or "country," signifying "Judean," lit., "Judean country;" used by metonymy for the people of the country; (b) as a noun, "a Jew, Jews," e.g., Matt. 2:2; Mark 7:3. The name "Jew" is primarily tribal (from Judah). It is first found in 2 Kings 16:6, as distinct from Israel, of the northern kingdom. After the Captivity it was chiefly used to distinguish the race from Gentiles, e.g., John 2:6; Acts 14:1; Gal. 2:15, where it denotes Christians of Jewish race; it distinguishes Jews from Samaritans, in John 4:9; from proselytes, in Acts 2:10. The word is most frequent in John's Gospel and the Acts; in the former "it especially denotes the typical representatives of Jewish thought contrasted with believers in Christ ... or with other Jews of less pronounced opinions, e.g., John 3:25; 5:10; 7:13; 9:22" (Lukyn Williams, in Hastings' Bib. Dic.); such representatives were found, generally, in opposition to Christ; in the Acts they are chiefly those who opposed the Apostles and the Gospel. In Rom. 2:28,29 the word is used of ideal Jews, i.e., Jews in spiritual reality, believers, whether Jews or Gentiles by natural birth. The feminine, "Jewess," is found in Acts 16:1; 24:24.

It also denotes Judea, e.g., Matt. 2:1; Luke 1:5; John 4:3, the word "country" being understood [cp. (a) above]. In Luke 23:5; John 7:1, where the AV has "Jewry," the RV translates it as usual, "Judea."

<A-2,Adjective,2451,ioudaikos>
denotes "Jewish," Titus 1:14.

<B-1,Noun,2454,ioudaismos>
"Judaism," denotes "the Jews' religion," Gal. 1:13,14, and stands, not for their religious beliefs, but for their religious practices, not as instituted by God, but as developed and extended from these by the traditions of the Pharisees and scribes. In the Apocrypha it denotes comprehensively "the Government, laws, institutions and religion of the Jews."

<C-1,Verb,2450,ioudaizo>
lit., "to Judaize," i.e., to conform to "Jewish" religious practices and manners, is translated "to live as do the Jews," in Gal. 2:14.

<D-1,Adverb,5452,ioudaikos>
"in Jewish fashion," is translated "as do the Jews," in Gal. 2:14.

Jewels <1,,5553,chrusion>
"gold," is used of ornaments in 1 Pet. 3:3, RV, "jewels." See GOLD, No. 2.

Join <1,,2853,kollao>
primarily, "to glue or cement together," then, generally, "to unite, to join firmly," is used in the Passive Voice signifying "to join oneself to, to be joined to," Luke 15:15; Acts 5:13; 8:29; 9:26; 10:28, RV (AV, "to keep company with"); 1 Cor. 6:16,17; elsewhere, "to cleave to," Luke 10:11; Acts 17:34; Rom. 12:9. See CLEAVE.

<2,,4347,proskollao>
"to stick to," a strengthened form of No. 1, with pros, "to," intensive, is used in the Passive Voice, reflexively, in a metaphorical sense, with the meanings (a) "to join oneself to," in Acts 5:36; (b) "to cleave to," of the husband with regard to the wife, Matt. 19:5; Mark 10:7; in Eph. 5:31, RV, "shall cleave to" (AV, "shall be joined to"). See CLEAVE.

<3,,4801,su(n)zeugnumi> "to yoke together" (sun, "with," zugos, "a yoke"), is used metaphorically of union in wedlock, in Matt. 19:6; Mark 10:9.

<4,,4927,sunomoreo>
"to border on," is used of a house as being contiguous with a synagogue, in Acts 18:7, "joined hard to."

Notes: (1) In 1 Cor. 1:10, katartizo, "to render complete, to perfect" (kata, "down," intensive, and artios, "complete, jointed"), "to restore," is translated "be perfectly joined together," AV (RV, "be perfected together"); see FIT. (2) In Eph. 4:16, sunarmologeo, "to fit" or "frame together," is translated "fitly joined together," AV (RV, "fitly framed ... together"); cp. Eph. 2:21.

Joint <1,,719,harmos>
"a joining, joint" (akin to harmozo, "to fit, join"), is found in Heb. 4:12, figuratively (with the word "marrow") of the inward moral and spiritual being of man, as just previously expressed literally in the phrase "soul and spirit."

<2,,860,haphe>
"a ligature, joint" (akin to hapto, "to fit, to fasten"), occurs in Eph. 4:16; Col. 2:19.

Joint-heir * For JOINT-HEIR see HEIR

Jot <1,,2503,iota>
from the Heb. yod, the smallest Hebrew letter, is mentioned by the Lord in Matt. 5:18 (together with keraia, "a little horn, a tittle, the point or extremity" which distinguishes certain Hebrew letters from others) to express the fact that not a single item of the Law will pass away or remain unfulfilled.