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See: Global Marijuana March. ~600 different cities since 1999. First Saturday in May. City lists: 1999 2000 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 2010. 11 ...Search them. Add city name to search.

With less than 5% of world population the USA has over 2.3 million of 9.2 million world prisoners! The majority of U.S. inmates are in due to the drug war.

Most Republican leaders oppose cheap universal healthcare. 45,000 uninsured Americans die each year due to lack of health insurance.

CHART. U.S. Federal Mandatory-Minimum Drug Sentences. Non-violent possession only. Drug War concentration camps. Sentences do not allow parole until around 85% of the sentence served. Sentences are doubled if prior felony drug conviction. Life in prison if a second-tier drug offense, and 2 prior felony drug convictions. Most states also have mandatory minimums.
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*Table of Contents. After text loads, click topics below. Click TopLink, back button, or HomeKey to return here fast. *Mandatory-Minimum Drug Sentences Chart. *Drug War. Big picture. *History, info, and links. *Drug War charts, and more.

*Racism of Republicrat Drug War. CHARTS. Revised. Many links and notes. This racism page linked just below has charts for black, white, and Hispanic inmate numbers and rates in the USA; and U.S. state by state disenfranchisement (no voting rights) laws. Many drug war notes, and LINKS to many more charts. Republican evil, Democrat complicity. Republicrat drug war disenfranchises (no voting rights) millions of voters (mostly poor people of color). Modern corporate control of the poor.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/charts5.htm and
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/charts5.htm

[TopLink]

U.S. Federal Mandatory-Minimum Drug Sentences. For non-violent possession. Sentences double if prior felony drug convictions. For second-tier offenses: Mandatory life sentence if 2 prior felony drug convictions. Most states also have mandatory minimums of various kinds.

_________________First_tier.________Second_tier. ________________________________________________ _________________5_year_sentence________10_years Type_of_Drug.____without_parole._______No_parole ________________________________________________ LSD______________1_gram._10_to_20_______10_grams _________________doses_if_carrier_______________ _________________weight_included._______________ ________________________________________________ Marijuana________100_plants__________1000_plants _________________or_100_kilos._____or_1000_kilos ________________________________________________ Crack_cocaine____5_grams._1_to_10_______50_grams _________________day_supply_for_________________ _________________heavy_user.____________________ ________________________________________________ Powder_cocaine___500_grams_______________5_kilos ________________________________________________ Heroin___________100_grams________________1_kilo ________________________________________________ Methamphetamine__5_grams._3_to_10_______50_grams _________________day_supply_for_________________ _________________heavy_user.____________________ ________________________________________________ PCP______________10_grams______________100_grams ________________________________________________ The_Courier_New_font_lines_up_the_columns.______

http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/mandatory.htm mirror page. http://corporatism.tripod.com/mandatory.htm mirror page. http://www.famm.org/si_federal_sentencing.htm and http://www.famm.org/pdfs/Primer.pdf and http://www.famm.org/pdfs/fedbroch2.pdf and http://www.bop.gov/about/facts.jsp and http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/nra.htm __

Use the free Adobe Reader to view the pdf file. 1 kilo is equal to 2.2 pounds. 1 kilo is 1 kilogram, which equals 1000 grams. 1 pound equals 454 grams. 1 ounce equals 28.35 grams. A gram roughly equals a single packet of sweetener. 1 gram of powder cocaine is turned into 0.89 grams of crack. Per capita use of crack is higher among whites than blacks.

"There are only two ways to avoid a mandatory minimum sentence. First, the defendant may provide 'substantial assistance' to the government by turning in other defendants. Second, some defendants qualify for the 'safety valve' that Congress passed in 1994 to address (at FAMM’s urging) the excessive sentences served by non-violent drug offenders. If the judge finds the defendant is a low-level, non-violent, first-time offender who qualifies for the safety valve, the defendant may be sentences under the sentencing guidelines instead of the mandatory minimum sentence law. Although the safety valve is a step in the right direction, the criteria for eligibility is very narrow so thousands of nonviolent drug defendants are still sent to prison for decades under mandatory minimum sentencing laws." - Emphasis added.
http://www.famm.org/si_federal_sentencing.htm 

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Drug war. Big picture. [TopLink]

"In the federal system, there are two levels of mandatory minimums, with each level doubling for defendants with prior convictions. The first tier requires a minimum sentence of imprisonment for five years (10 with a prior felony drug conviction), and the second tier requires a minimum of 10 years (20 with one prior felony drug conviction, and mandatory life with two such prior convictions). Of that, defendants can receive a reduction in the time they serve in prison of only 54 days per year as a reward for 'good behavior,' which means they must actually serve about 85% of their sentences."
-- David Risley, Assistant U.S. Attorney, Illinois. "Mandatory Minimum Sentences. An Overview." From May 2000. Emphasis added.
http://www.drugwatch.org/Mandatory%20Minimum%20Sentences.htm

*Marijuana Arrests and Incarceration in the United States. Around 37,000 marijuana prisoners were incarcerated in U.S. prisons and jails in 1997. If the percentage of inmates who were marijuana prisoners stayed the same, then in 2003 that means there would be around 44,000 inmates.
http://www.mpp.org/arrests/prisoners.html



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*Graph 3 below is one of many from a July 2000 report. Poor Prescription: The Costs of Imprisoning Drug Offenders in the United States.
http://www.cjcj.org/pubs/poor/pp.html



See also: http://corporatism.tripod.com/world.htm
http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/worldbrief/highest_to_lowest_rates.html

*Majority of over 2.3 million U.S. prisoners are in due to drug war. Drug offenders, plus inmates in for drug-related crimes (such as robbing to get money for drugs that are expensive because of the drug war), plus drug trade crimes, plus drug-related parole violations, etc.. The USA has the world's highest incarceration rate. The USA has 5% of the world's population and 25% of the world's 9 million prisoners. The Drug-War Industrial Complex. Statistics, references, links, and charts:
http://corporatism.tripod.com/majority.htm and
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/majority.htm

[TopLink]

U.S. Incarceration Rates Timeline. Number of prison and jail inmates per 100,000 population. Midyear population. Rates slightly lower if yearend population. TEXAS rates at the chart end: 1014 in 1999. 966 in 2001. That is 1% of Texans imprisoned!

1925 to 1977 incarceration rates are estimates based on prison rates. 1925 to 1977 jail rates are estimated to be 50% of prison rates. The 2 rates are added together to get the 1925-77 incarceration rate. High*** and low** rates are shown for 1925-77. See endnotes.
	Year	Incarceration Rate.	Total inmates in prisons and jails.	USA. Total Midyear Population.
Some key years. 1968. Nixon elected. 1969. Nixon in power. 1971. Nixon declares         a War on Drugs. 1973. DEA begins. 1974. Nixon resigns. 6 Ronald 6 Wilson 6 Reagan 666 and Nancy Reagan. Their "Just Say NO" , Holy War on Drugs. The Beast. :) Fascism with a smiley face...	1925 1928 1932 1934 1939 1945 1950 1952 1961 1968 1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 1977 1978 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005	119** 144 165*** 164** 206*** 147** 164*** 162** 179*** 141** 146*** 143 140** 144 153 194 203 220 241 263 276 288 312 332 353 388 435 458 480 503 524 558 595 610 639 658 678 686 688 707 718 729 742	452,790 501,886 555,114 610,767 645,713 681,282 742,939 799,171 856,906 949,659 1,076,670 1,146,401 1,216,664 1,292,347 1,364,881 1,469,947 1,585,586 1,646,020 1,743,643 1,816,931 1,893,115 1,937,482 1,961,247 2,033,022 2,085,620 2,135,901 2,193,798	222,585,000 227,726,463 229,966,237 232,187,835 234,307,207 236,348,292 238,466,283 240,650,755 242,803,533 245,021,414 247,341,697 250,131,894 253,492,503 256,894,189 260,255,352 263,435,673 266,557,091 269,667,391 272,911,760 276,115,288 279,294,713 282,338,631 285,023,886 287,675,526 290,342,554 293,027,571 295,734,134
Add in 126,561 inmates (Juvenile, U.S. Territories, etc.) to get total inmates.			+126,561	+4,327,569
	2005	773	2,320,359	300,061,703
		Total incarceration rate per 100,000 population.	Total inmates in U.S.A. and its Territories	Total population of U.S.A. and its Territories (4,327,569).

http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/rates.htm mirror page. http://corporatism.tripod.com/rates.htm mirror page. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/p05.pdf and http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/press/pripropr.htm and http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/p05.htm and http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/corr2tab.htm and http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/usaterr.htm and http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbprint.html Population. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim99.htm 1999 USA. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim99.pdf -1999 USA state-by-state incarceration rates chart is Table 11. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim01.htm -2001 links. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/pdf/pjim01.pdf -2001 USA state-by-state incarceration rates chart is Table 16. 2001 Federal rate of 49 can be calculated from Table 1. http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/sheets/pjim01.zip -2001 USA spreadsheets. See tables 1 and 16. Use MS Excel, etc.. http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/worldbrief/usa.html state rates map. Latest. Click any U.S. state name on the map.

The last link above is a clickable U.S. map of state-by-state incarceration rates. The rates are for inmates per 100,000 state population. Note that no state in the USA has a rate less than 200. Bush was governor of Texas 1994-2000. His legacy: Louisiana (1025) and TEXAS (1014) (under Bush) had the highest rates in 1999. In 2001 (see the 4 links just above) it was Louisiana (1013) and TEXAS (966) that again had the highest incarceration rates with 1% of their populations imprisoned. 2001 Federal incarceration rate of 49 was NOT  added in to those numbers. In the USA it costs  around $25,000 average per year for each inmate.  Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS): "At midyear 2005, nearly 4.7 percent of black males were in prison or jail, compared to 1.9 percent of Hispanic males, and 0.7 percent of white males. Among males in their late 20s, nearly 12 percent of black males, compared to 3.9 percent of Hispanic males and 1.7 percent of white males, were incarcerated" Above BJS quote is from the link below:

http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/press/pjim05pr.htm __

*1925 to 1977 incarceration rates are estimates based on prison rates from the Bureau of Justice Statistics document NCJ 102494, State and Federal Prisoners, 1925-85. Info is also in NCJ 85861. The 1925-1977 jail rates are estimated as 50% of prison rates. Prison rate plus jail rate equals total incarceration rate. Sources:

http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/pdf/t6282004.pdf http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/wk1/t6282004.wk1 http://www.ncjrs.gov/bjsonlineorders/feepubs.html http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/paperonly.htm http://www.monthlyreview.org/0701fig1.pdf http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6001.pdf http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6002.pdf  http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6003.pdf http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/govpubs/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t6004.pdf

 

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HISTORY, INFO, LINKS. [TopLink]

*FAMM - All about Mandatory Minimum Sentencing.
http://www.famm.org

*10-1995. Young Black Americans and the Criminal Justice System: Five Years Later. October 1995 report.
http://www.sentencingproject.org/policy/9070.htm

*t60009.pdf [U.S. Federal prison population, and number and percent sentenced for drug offenses, 1970-1997. Acrobat file. A great Drug War trend chart in itself].
http://www.albany.edu/sourcebook/1995/pdf/t60009.pdf

*USA. Mandatory Life Without Parole for Woman after First Offense.
http://www.drcnet.org/rapid/1998/5-8.html#jurors

*Shattered Lives, Human Rights and the Drug War. [Portraits From America's Drug War. Book by Mikki Norris, Chris Conrad, and Virginia Resner.]|
http://www.hr95.org/Shattered.htm

*National Rifle Association (NRA). Their campaign for longer sentences, mandatory minimum sentences, truth in sentencing. For both violent and non-violent offenders, DRUG offenders, etc.. A far-right Nazi-like cult for the U.S. prison industrial complex, whether they know it or not. Ban handguns, so we can keep rifles and shotguns legal. Wimpy handguns don't defend against tyranny. We can end the drug war and mass-incarceration tyranny a lot faster if murders, handguns, and drug war violence were at Canadian, Australian, and Western European levels.
http://corporatism.tripod.com/nra.htm and
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/nra.htm

*3-1997. "The NRA strikes back." IN THESE TIMES article from March 17, 1997. It is the last article on the page.
http://www.prop1.org/legal/prisons/970317itt.htm

Ronald Wilson Reagan was president from January 1981 to January 1989. Here is a quote from "The Fix" an excellent recent 1998 book by Michael Massing. One may not agree with all his prescriptions for drug reform, but his history of US drug policy and mandatory minimum drug sentencing is enlightening. The [bracketed] info was added

from page 184 of the book "The Fix":
"Most significant of all were the changes voted in the criminal code. Since 1970, the federal government had had no mandatory minimum penalties for drug offenses. Led by such hard-liners as [Texas bubba-Republican] Senator Phil Gramm, however, legislators approved [1986] a series of whopping new sentences tied solely to the amount of drugs involved. ... Specifically targeting crack, Congress voted to impose a mandatory minimum sentence of five years for the sale of just five grams of the drug. ... With the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986, the parent [Atlanta Georgia-rooted, bubba-P.R.I.D.E., Nancy-Reagan, Republican] model of drug abuse had become, in effect, the law of the land." Actually, it is five years just for POSSESSION!

The book goes into VAST detail about how drug policy under Nancy Reagan (yes, Nancy) from 1981 to 1988 shifted from an emphasis on dealing with the hard-core drug users in a slightly more public-health way in the 1970's to a focus on zero tolerance, far less treatment, far more prison, "Just Say No," the gateway theory, and an all-out attack on cannabis. This was all BEFORE 1986 mandatory minimums at the federal level. Of course drug mandatory minimums were first massively installed in 1973 in New York by the Republican Rockefeller laws. The whole "drug war" mentality has nearly always been led by Republicans. Democrats and the mass media nearly always follow their lead. In war, one goes after the officers whenever possible. SO DON'T VOTE REPUBLICAN!!!

This from the "Snitch" PBS site:
"After bouncing back and forth between the Democratic controlled House and the Republican controlled Senate as each party jockeyed for political advantage, The Anti Drug Abuse Act of 1986 finally passed both houses a few weeks before the November elections." Emphasis added.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/snitch/primer/

From page 100 of the 1998 book "Drug Crazy" by Mike Gray: "In June of 1982, Reagan reopened the War on Drugs with a broadside from the Rose Garden. 'We're taking down the surrender flag that has flown over so many drug efforts. We're running up a battle flag.'"

*8-1999. Ireland: OPED: Drugs War Invented By Nixon To Extend His Power.
http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v99.n840.a11.html

*Republicans lead U.S. Drug War. Democrats follow Republican evil. Huge LINKS list! U.S. Drug-war Industrial Complex. Republican fundamentalist holy war. Friendly Fascism. Drug war leaders are the rabid right, hate radio, hate television, NRA (National Rifle Association), religious right, (snortin') George Bush the hypocrite, etc.. Republican-led drug war disenfranchises (no voting rights) millions of voters (mostly Democrat-voting blacks).
http://corporatism.tripod.com/gop.htm and
http://www.angelfire.com/rnb/y/gop.htm

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Drug War charts, and more. [TopLink]