Sovereigns of European Empires and Independent Kingdoms, 1871

Austria-Hungary	Emperor Franz Joseph I	        1830	1848
Belgium		King Leopold II		        1835	1865
Denmark		King Christian IX	        1818	1863
Germany		Emperor Wilhelm I	        1797	1861 (1871)
Greece		King George I		        1845	1863
Italy		King Vittorio Emanuele II	1820	1849 (1861)
Netherlands	King Willem III		        1817	1849
Portugal	King Luiz I			1838	1861
Russia		Emperor Alexander II		1818	1855
Spain		King Amadeo I		        1845	1870
Sweden & Norway	King Carl XV			1826	1859
United Kingdom	Queen Victoria		        1819	1837