Sovereigns of European Empires and Kingdoms, 1861

Austria		Emperor Franz Joseph I	        1830	1848
Bavaria		King Maximilian II	        1811	1848
Belgium		King Leopold I		        1790	1831
Denmark		King Frederik VII	        1808	1848
France		Emperor Napoleon III	        1808	1852
Greece		King Otto I		        1815	1832
Hanover		King Georg V		        1819	1851
Italy		King Vittorio Emanuele II	1820	1849 (1861)
Netherlands	King Willem III		        1817	1849
Portugal	King Pedro V			1837	1853
Prussia         King Friedrich Wilhelm IV       1795    1840
Russia		Emperor Alexander II		1818	1855
Saxony		King Johann I			1801	1854
Spain		Queen Isabel II		        1830	1833
Sweden & Norway	King Carl XV			1826	1859
United Kingdom	Queen Victoria		        1819	1837
Württemberg	King Wilhelm I		        1781	1816