Week 2, Activity 1

History of Electricity

Duration: 35 minutes
Content Focus: Language Arts / Social Studies / Science
Description Students will learn about the history of electricity by researching the inventors and scientists who helped discover it.
Goal The students will become more familiar with scientists and inventors who were significant in the history and development of electricity.
Objectives Students will...
  • summarize information from a primary source document and write a brief report on one scientist and his/her contributions to electricity.
  • illustrate and display the information they gained from their research on a piece of poster board.
  • construct a visual timeline of the history of electricity in the classroom.
Standards Indiana Academic Standards

Language Arts
2.2.1 Use titles, tables of contents, and chapter headings to locate information in text.
2.2.5 Restate facts and details in the text to clarify and organize ideas.
2.4.6 Review, evaluate, and revise writing for meaning and clarity.
2.5.6 Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person.
2.7.6 Speak clearly and at an appropriate pace for the type of communication (such as an informal discussion or a report to class).
2.7.9 Report on a topic with supportive facts and details.
3.2.1 Use titles, tables of contents, and chapter headings to locate information in text.
3.2.2 Ask questions and support answers by connecting prior knowledge with literal information from the text.
3.2.6 Locate appropriate and significant information from the text.
3.4.6 Review, evaluate, and revise writing for meaning and clarity.
3.5.2 Write descriptive pieces about people, places, things, or experiences.
3.5.5 Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person.
3.7.5 Organize ideas chronologically or around major points of information.
3.7.8 Clarify and enhance oral presentations through the use of appropriate props, including objects, pictures, and charts.
3.7.14 Make descriptive presentations that use concrete sensory details to set forth and support unified impressions of people, places, things, or experiences.
4.2.2 Use appropriate strategies when reading for different purposes.
4.4.2 Select a focus, an organizational structure, and a point of view based upon purpose, audience, length, and format requirements for a piece of writing.
4.4.4 Use common organizational structures for providing information in writing.
4.4.10 Review, evaluate, and revise writing for meaning and clarity.
4.5.3 Write informational reports.
4.5.6 Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person.
4.7.7 Emphasize points in ways that help the listener or viewer to follow important ideas and concepts.
4.7.12 Make informational presentations.
5.2.1 Use the features of informational texts to find information and support understanding.
5.2.3 Recognize main ideas presented in texts, identifying and assessing evidence that supports those ideas.
5.4.3 Write informational pieces with multiple paragraphs.
5.4.5 Use note-taking skills.
5.4.8 Review, evaluate, and revise writing for meaning and clarity.
5.5.3 Write research reports about important ideas, issues, or events.
5.5.6 Write for different purposes and to a specific audience or person, adjusting tone and style as appropriate.
5.7.4 Select a focus, organizational structure, and point of view for an oral presentation.
5.7.5 Clarify and support spoken ideas with evidence and examples.
5.7.6 Use volume, phrasing, timing, and gestures appropriately to enhance meaning.
5.7.10 Deliver informative presentations about an important idea, event, or issue.

Social Studies
4.1.11 Identify important events and movements that changed life in Indiana in the twentieth century.
5.1.19 Develop and interpret timelines showing major people, events, and developments in the early history of the United States from 1776-1801.
5.5.6 Read accounts of how scientific and technological innovations have affected the way people lived in the early United States, and make predictions about how future scientific and technological developments may change cultural life.

Science
3.1.6 Give examples of how tools have affected the way we live.
4.1.4 Describe how people all over the world have taken part in scientific investigation for many centuries.
4.1.7 Discuss and give examples of how technology has improved the lives of many people.
4.1.8 Recognize and explain that any invention may lead to other inventions.
5.1.3 Explain that doing science involves many different kinds of work and engages men, women, and children of all ages and backgrounds.

Materials & Preparation
  • a variety of resources for the children to read (see Children's literature bibliography for suggestions)
  • strips of paper (each with a scientist or inventor's name on it)
  • poster board (each child should get 1/2 of a sheet)
  • black construction paper for the dates on the time line
  • list of famous inventors and scientists (relevant to electricity)
  • art supplies: pencils, construction paper, scissors, glue, markers, crayons
Grouping Individual
Procedures Introduction
  1. Begin the lesson by explaining that there are many people that played an important role in the history of electricity. Choose a couple names from the list and give a brief explanation of their contributions to electricity.

  2. Explain that the class will be involved in creating a timeline of the most important dates and events involved in the history of electricity. Each member of the class will be responsible for researching one of these scientists and reporting back to the group about what he/she contributed to the development of electricity and when. Each student will write a brief summary of their contributions (4-5 sentences) and design and illustrate a piece of poster board for the timeline. It is important, in their research, to find the exact year that the discovery or contribution was made and cut out that date in large black numbers for the timeline.

  3. Model a poster for Ben Franklin and read a summary of his contributions to electricity. It is highly important that this model corresponds with the expectations established for the class.

Sequence of Instruction

  1. Give the students time in class to work on their research. Encourage them to use the school library or to use the references provided to them by the teacher. Their textbook may also serve as an important resource.

  2. Remind students that correct spelling, punctuation, and capitalization are expected. In addition, remind students to summarize rather than copy the factual information from a text for their reports.

    **Creativity is also important! Their posters should be carefully designed and clearly demonstrate the person or achievements that they are adding to the timeline.

Closure
  1. Provide time again in class for students to work on their posters. When their work has been revised and checked for accuracy by the teacher, they may share information about their scientist with the rest of the class and add the poster to the timeline on the wall.

  2. When the timeline is complete, students will be able to refer back to it and visualize the number of scientists who contributed to the history of electricity and the amount of time it took to get to where we are today.

  3. In addition, ask students to look at the group of scientists as a whole. Which groups of people in society are not represented in this display? Why might that be?
Assessment Informal:
  • Were students able to recall information about significant people in the history and development of electricity during classroom discussions?
  • Were students able to summarize rather than copy factual information about their scientist or inventor from their resources? Was the report written in their own words? Did they use proper spelling punctuation, and grammar in their reports?
  • Were students able to highlight the main points and significant information on their posters? Was the information accurate and grammatically correct? Did the students provide an illustration of either the scientist or the contribution on their posters?
  • Given the dates, students were able to put their posters in order on an "Electricity Timeline" around the room.
Formal:
  • Evaluation of inventor reports - Rubric
Extensions Have the students analyze and research why every scientist or inventor on the list is a man. What might this say about women during this time period? Which cultures are not represented in this list? What might that say about textbooks?
Special Needs Adaptations Have the students work together in pairs on a single report.
Week 2: | Magic Schoolbus: Electric Storm | History of Electricity | Van de Graaf | Static Electricity | Static vs. Current Electricity |

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