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"Commit just as fully to the completion of the technique as you commit to the execution. The mind should be the same throughtout and only with mushin can this be accomplished.
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Shotokan Karate
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History Why Shotokan Karate? Karate in Shawano, WI
Wakimara Glossary JKA Exam Requirements
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Shotokan Karate History
I believe that, in order to practice this martial way, you need to know where it came from and its philosophical as well as physical, geographic and historic roots.
Why I Study Shotokan Karate
Karate inspires me on many levels.
At its most simplistic, I can say that it is a great physical work-out, avoiding the tedium and boredom (and for me, futility) of "working out".
But that would be cheating the discipline and those who practice with me and endeavor to teach me.
Karate is also liberating to the mind. Even after a day that has presented more than its share of stress & distractions, my practice takes me away from all of that and I can concentrate solely on the melding of the physical and psychological.
While I'd be a liar if I didn't say I had ambitions to test for, and achieve, higher rank, in many respects, I'd be content to remain a white belt.
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Shotokan Karate In Shawano, WI
Building & Using A Wakimara
The following quote was copied from another site. Unfortunately, I lost the URL. If anyone recognizes it, please let me know as I would like to give credit. (5/23/00)
"One of the most overlooked aspects of true karate training is daily makiwara practice. Constant repetition builds power and kime (focus). Without kime, you do not have effective karate.
"When I first started training at Takushoku University is was mandatory that we hit the makiwara 50 times per hand. Even though this does not seem like a high number, a senior student would place his hand two inches behind the board and count only the punches that made the board slap into his palm.
"As you can imagine, sometimes it took over 200 punches to do 50 correctly! This practice quickly forced us to fully commit to each punch without thinking about how many repetitions were ahead because only the focused techniques were counted. Master Funakoshi and Master Nakayama both hit the makiwara before and after training.
"Makiwara training also develops mushin, which literally means "no mind". If you only concentrate on the pad in front of you, your sense of awareness is limited to the board alone. The moment you make impact the mind, the spirit, and the body must join together and then instantly relax, again allowing the spirit to absorb whatever is going on around you. This total physical/spiritual contraction and then relaxation is essential to develop the ability to defend yourself against multiple opponents.
"Technically speaking, makiwara training builds strength and power the same way hitting the heavy bag does for a boxer. Consistent practice has developed punches that registered close to 2000 lbs. per square inch. This is as high as humanly possible. Training for speed and form is not true karate training and any experienced karate person can tell the difference between someone who hits the makiwara and someone who does not.
"The makiwara is a key tool for physical, spiritual and overall karate development. Try it for yourself. If you break the skin, however, stop and wrap the hand or allow it to heal first."
A Homemade Wakimara
Building a wakimara seemed the next logical step in upgrading my practice. Because I wanted to build one as close to "traditional" as possible, I spent a fair amount of time researching. Eventually, I found the instructions in a past issue of Shotokan magazine.
Building a wakimara requires some knowledge of woodworking and tools.
If you are not well-versed in the use of power tools, you're probably better off getting someone to build it for you. Therefore, I take no responsibility for any injuries inflicted from inexperience.
For my wakimara, I started with a clear 4 x 4 cedar post (easily procured from the local sawmill).
Locating cedar 4 x 4's may not be as easy for people in cities. On the other hand, I don't have a local supply of rice rope or rice straw padding as I have seen in photos.

I cut the post to 7 feet in length, selecting the soundest part of the post. I then drew a line that gave me a taper of 3/4 of an inch out to the "full" width of the post. This is a bit thicker than called for in some instructions but I thought better thicker than too thin.
Using a circle saw and "rip" blade, I made the first cut. However, as I have only a 7 1/4 blade, I had to flip over the post and make a second cut. This was facilitated by use of a handsaw to "start" both ends of the second. The resulting cut, while not perfect, was certainly adequate.
I dug a hole deep enough to "drop" the wakimara to a fairly low height. I felt this would enforce the need for me to stay "low" and "long" in my stance. You will have to adjust the height to meet your training needs. I set and leveled the wakimara. Because I have very sandy soil, I put a rock at ground level behind the post to give it some additional stability and resistance.
For the pad, I used stuff I had around the house - some cordura (coated pack cloth)and foam. I made the hitting block from cedar, about 8" in height, 5 1/2" wide and 1 1/2" in thickness. Frankly, I guessed on these dimensions as I couldn't find any definitive guidance.
I finished the hitting pad with my rendition of the Kanji character for "spirit" as a further inspiration to my practice.
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Japanese Glossary
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Japanese Karate Association
Examination Requirements

8 kyu Kata Heian Sho-dan
White         Kihon 1. 6 oi-zuki 2. 3 gedan barai 3. 3 age-uke
    4. 3 uchi-uke 5. 3 shuto-uke in kokutsu dachi 6. 6 mae-geri
    7. 3 yoko-geri-keage, migi & hidari 8. 3 yoko geri kekomi, migi & hidari
  Kumite Gohon kumite by count
7 kyu Kata Heian Nei-dan
Yellow Kihon 1. 6 oi-zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/gyaku-zuki 5. 3 shuto-uke in kokutsu dachi 6. 3 mae-geri
    7. 3 mawashi-geri 8. 3 yoko-geri-keage, migi & hidari 9. 3 yoko-ger-kekomi, migi & hidari
  Kumite Gohon kumite with no count
6 kyu Kata Heian San-dan
Blue Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke in kiba-dachi 5. 3 shuto-uke/nukite 6. 3 C-R-mae-geri/J-L-mae-geri
    7. 3 mawashi-geri 8. 3 yoko-geri-keage, migi & hidari 9. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari
    10. 3 mae-geri/oi-zuki
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki 2J 2C
5 kyu Kata Heian Yon-dan
Green Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke 5. 3 shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 6. 3 ren-geri
    7. 3 C-R-mawashi-geri/J-L-mawashi-geri 8. 3 yoko-keage, migi & hidari 9. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari
    10. R-mae-geri/L-mawashi-geri/R-gyaku-zuki
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki 2J 2C, mae-geri 2C
4 kyu Kata Heian Go-dan
Purple Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke/tate-uraken 5. 3 shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 6. 3 ren-geri
    7. 3 mawashi-geri/rengeri 8. 3 yoko-keage, migi & hidari 9. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari
    10. R-mae-geri/L-yoko-kekomi/R-gyaku-zuki
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki, 1J 1C, mae-geri 1C, yoko-kekomi 1C
3kyu Kata Tekki Sho-dan
Brown Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke/tate-uraken 5. 3 shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 6. 3 soto-uke/gyaku-zuki
    7. 3 C-L-kizami-mae-geri/J-R-mae-geri 8. 3 C-L-kizami-mawashi-geri/J-R-mawashi-geri 9. 3 yoko-keage, migi & hidari
    10. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari 11. 3 R-yoko-kekomi/L-mawashi-geri/R-gyaku-zuki 12. 3 R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-kekomi/R-gyaku-zuki
    13. 3 R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-kekomi to side 14. Control test
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki 1J 1C, mae-geri 1C, ushirogeri 1C yoko-kekomi 1C
2 kyu Kata Choice: Bassai Dai/Jion/Empi/Kanku Dai/Hangetsu/Jutte/Gankaku/Tekki 2/Tekki 3
Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke/tate-uraken 5. 3 shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 6. 3 soto-uke/gyaku-zuki
    7. 3 C-L-kizami-mae-geri/J-R-mae-geri 8. 3 C-L-kizami-mawashi-geri/J-R-mawashi-geri 9. 3 yoko-keage, migi & hidari
    10. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari 11. 3 R-yoko-kekomi/L-mawashi-geri/R-gyaku-zuki 12. 3 R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-kekomi/R-gyaku-zuki
    13. 3 R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-kekomi to side 14. Control test
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki 1J 1C, mae-geri 1C, ushirogeri 1C yoko-kekomi 1C
1 kyu Kata Choice: Bassai Dai/Jion/Empi/Kanku Dai/Hangetsu/Jutte/Gankaku/Tekki 2/Tekki 3
Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 gedan barai/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 age-uke/gyaku-zuki
    4. 3 uchi-uke/empi uke/tate-uraken 5. 3 shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 6. 3 soto-uke/gyaku-zuki
    7. 3 C-L-kizami-mae-geri/J-R-mae-geri 8. 3 C-L-kizami-mawashi-geri/J-R-mawashi-geri 9. 3 yoko-keage, migi & hidari
    10. 3 yoko-geri-kekomi, migi & hidari 11. 3 R-yoko-kekomi/L-mawashi-geri/R-gyaku-zuki 12. 3 R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-kekomi/R-gyaku-zuki
    13. 3 stationary R-mae-geri/R-yoko-keage to side/R-yoko-kekomi to side
  Kumite Ippon kumite, oi-zuki 1J 1C, mae-geri 1C, ushirogeri 1C yoko-kekomi 1C
Sho-dan Kata Choice: Bassai Dai/Jion/Empi/Kanku Dai/Hangetsu/Jutte/Gankaku/Tekki 2/Tekki 3   Examiner’s choice: one of 6 basic kata
Kihon 1. 6 san-bon zuki 2. 3 age-uke/kizami-mae-geri/gyaku-zuki 3. 3 uchi-uke/yoko-empi/tate-uraken-uchi/gyaku-zuki
    4. shuto-uke/kizami-mae-geri/nukite 5. 3 soto-uke/kizami-zuki w/kizami-mae-geri/gyaku-zuki 6. 3 C-L-kizami-mae-geri/J-R-mae-geri
    7. 3 C-L-kizami-mawashi-geri/J-R-mawashi-geri 8. 3 yoko-keage 9. 3 yoko-kekomi
    10. 3 L-kizami-kekomi/R-mawashi-geri/L-gyaku-zuki 11. 3 L-kiami-mawashi-geri/L-kizami-kekomi/R-gyaku-zuki 12. 3 stationary R-mae-geri/R-yoko-keage-geri to side/R-yoko-kekomi-geri to side/R-mawashi-geri to front
    13. Control test 3 dimensional
  Kumite Jiyu ippon kumite oi-zuki 1J 1C, mae-geri 1C ushiro-geri 1C, yoko-kekomi 1C
Ni-dan Kata Choice: Bassai Dai/Jion/Empi/Kanku Dai/Hangetsu/Jutte/Gankaku/Tekki 2/Tekki 3   Examiner’s choice: Any of the 15 kata
Kihon 1. 6 kizami-zuki/san-bon zuki 2. 3 kizami-zuki/mae-geri/oi-zuki 3. 3 L-yoko-keage-geri in kokutsu dachi/R-yoko-kekomi-geri in kokutsu dachi
    4. 3 L-age-uke/R-mawashi-geri/R-yoko-uraken-uchi/L-oi-zuki 5. 3 stationary R-mae-geri/R-yoko-keage-geri to side/R-yoko-kekomi-geri to side/R-mawashi-geri to front
  Kumite Jiyu kumite and one of: - defense against weapon - defense from sitting position - defense against grabbing and holding attack>
San-dan Kata Choice: Bassai Dai/Jion/Empi/Kanku Dai/Hangetsu/Jutte/Gankaku/Tekki 2/Tekki 3   Examiner’s choice: Any of the 15 kata
  Kumite Jiyu kumite against another examinee Jiyu kumite against a Sho-Dan or lower level Defense against attack of examiner’s choice>
Bold italic = backward C = Chu-dan J = Jo-dan
Links to other Shotokan Karate sites
Cyber Dojo
24 Fighting Chickens (Really. Honest.)
More To Come
More To Come
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