Text of the Unit I Review
Identify 3 early sources of law.
Hammurabi’s Code, The 12 Tables from Rome, the 10 Commandments
Who was the Father of Greek Philosophy? What method did he use to find truth?
Socrates, question and question to find truth
Who was his prized pupil?
How did this pupil want to organize society?
Plato, 3 class system: p-ks,
warriors, producers
How did Aristotle believe you could find the best
government?
Evaluating existing governments
Who took Greek ideas and spread them throughout the
Alexander the Great
What two things allowed for a dramatic change in population
growth between 1000-1300.
more peaceful conditions
(less war) and better agriculture
What was the purpose of the Crusades? Who usually went on them?
Retake the
Middle Age universities were dedicated to what school of
thought?
scholasticism
What two things did peasants get in exchange for giving up
their freedom to the lord of the manor?
Protection and the use of land
Identify at least three of the “obligations” placed on
peasants.
Pay a portion of crop to lord, rent pastureland, tithes
to the church, portion of catch to the lord
Identify three ways the lords exercised control over their
peasants.
Permission to leave, permission to marry, lords run local
courts, lords control crafts and trades for their peasants
What was the main dietary staple for peasants? Where did they get their vegetables?
Bread, gardens next to their houses
What days gave peasants an occasional break from the labor
grind? What did this make the center of
village social life?
Church feast days, the village church
Why was there an increased demand for vernacular literature
in the Middle Ages?
Increased literacy amongst the laity (non-clergy)
What was the primary method of instruction at the
university? What did obstacle students
need to pass for each degree?
Lecture, oral examinations
What two areas did scholasticism attempt to reconcile?
Faith (xianity) and reason
(Aristotle)
Who was the most well known scholastic? What was his most famous work?
Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica
What was the name of the style used in building many of the
medieval churches and cathedrals?
Romanesque
Name two examples of church corruption during the Middle Ages.
simony, legal exemptions,
tax exemptions, clerical infidelity, misuse of church funds
Name 2 of the main ways that the Black
Death impacted
decreased supply of
labor, increased power of poor, decreased demand for land, decreased power of
nobility
Identify the four basic levels of the church hierarchy.
Pope - Cardinal - Bishop - Priest
What was a vassal expected to give loyally in exchange for his
fief?
military service
Name two benefits the serf received in the manorial system.
protection from outside
threat, food during shortages, legal protection
How did
regained much lost
territory
Who was the local legal authority in the feudal system?
the lord (vassal)
What political structure did the strong nation state
replace?
feudal monarchy
Name Michelangelo’s most famous painting & sculpture.
Sistene Chapel &
David
Name two characteristics of the nation state.
taxes, standing army, bureacracy, support of townspeople
Who was the father of Humanism?
Petrarch
What were the three main characteristics of the Spanish
Empire in
Roman Cath.,
Social hierarchy, econ. Dependence
Who was the most popular classical figure during the
Renaissance?
Plato
Who wrote “The Prince” and hoped that a strong Italian ruler
would come from the Medicis?
Machiavelli
What was Erasmus’ philosophy a combination of?
Christian and classical beliefs
Name the work and author that describe an ideal society that
will never exist.
Utopia, Thomas More
The Age of Exploration was driven by desire for what two
things?
Spices and precious metals
How did Renaissance Art differ from art from the Middle Ages?
realism, accurate
anatomy, secular patronage
What economic developments allowed for secular patronage of
the arts?
increased trade &
banking
Identify the two major northern humanists.
More & Erasmus
How was the subject matter of the
Gothic, supernatural
Who was the “German master” of
Albrecht Durer
List two reasons the church feared the humanists.
Self-reliance, outside interpretations, authorities other
than God
What kind of activity did Petrarch
inspire?
Examination of the classics, and writing related to them
Identify two classical features that were prominent in Ren. Architecture.
Domes, columns, roman arches, ornamentation, integrated
supports