The history of Thinksgiving

For thousands of years, people have set aside a day to celebrate the autumn harvest, giving thanks for a plentiful growing season. Ancient Hebrews held a special eight-day feast to celebrate their harvest season. And, people in ancient Greece dedicated a nine-day harvest festival to Demeter, the goddess of agriculture. Similarly, pre-Christian Europeans marked a good harvest with a large feast before crops were gathered and stored for the winter. Celebrations surrounding the autumn harvest have continued throughout history, and many modern cultures have set aside a specific day to give thanks. The date and customs may vary from country to country, but the desire to take time and reflect on life's blessings remains the same. In the United States, this day of thanks is called Thanksgiving. It is a national holiday observed on the fourth Thursday of November. On this day, family and friends get together for a feast to celebrate their good fortune, relax and enjoy one another's company. It is also the unofficial beginning of the winter holiday season. When most people imagine "the first Thanksgiving," they think of the Pilgrims sharing a hearty banquet with local Native Americans. While it is true that the American colonists invited the Native Americans to celebrate their first harvest in the New World, the event did not spark the Thanksgiving tradition that we know today. In fact, the occasion was not called "Thanksgiving" and the Pilgrims did not even celebrate it the following year. What we think of as "the first Thanksgiving" was actually quite different from our modern celebration. The initial "Thanksgiving" feast, held in 1621, was really a traditional English harvest celebration. The Pilgrims shared it with the Native Americans because they had taught the colonists to plants crops and hunt wild game. Without the Native Americans, the Pilgrims may not have survived the harsh winter and been able to celebrate their first harvest of plentiful crops in the New World. At the harvest feast, modern Thanksgiving staples such as pumpkin pie, cranberry sauce, corn and mashed potatoes were not served. Since historical evidence shows wild fowl was part of the harvest festival, it is possible that turkey was part of the Pilgrims' meal. However, an exact record of the menu did not survive over time. Historians believe that seafood and wild game were the main dishes at the autumn celebration since the colonists lived near the Atlantic Ocean as well as the forest. Seasonal vegetables such as squash may have been part of the harvest feast, however, vegetable dishes did not play an important role in people's diet like they do today. Sweet desserts also did not accompany the meal due to a dwindling, or nonexistent, supply of sugar. And, without ovens, it was impossible for the Pilgrims to make breads, pies or cakes. The colonists' first harvest feast lasted for three days. Food was served all at once, instead of in courses, so people ate whatever they pleased in the order that they desired. The more important members at the feast were given the best pieces of meat, while the rest of the diners ate whatever was closest to them. Since the Pilgrims didn't use forks or plates, they ate their meal straight off the table with spoons, knives or their fingers. They used large napkins to wipe their hands and also wrapped it around food when it was too hot to hold. Even though we think of the harvest festival as "the first Thanksgiving," the colonists did not use a name for their autumn celebration. The occasion was not called "Thanksgiving" because the word had a completely different meaning to the Pilgrims. To them, a day of "thanksgiving" was actually a religious holiday set aside for giving thanks to God. As a result, the Pilgrims would never have given such a religious name to a secular day marked by feasting, dancing, singing, and playing games. Instead their harvest celebration was simply identified by the season and the activities involved. It wasn't until the nineteenth century that the feast we know today acquired the name "Thanksgiving." Since the autumn harvest usually occurred sometime between late September and the middle of October, the colonists' harvest festival wasn't celebrated in November, like it is today. For hundreds of years, people simply celebrated the harvest whenever nature was ready. In 1863, President Lincoln declared the last Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day. However, since he did not establish it as a national holiday each state had the right to decide when it would celebrate Thanksgiving. It wasn't until 1941 that Thanksgiving was declared a national holiday, by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Thanksgiving Around the World Thanksgiving in Canada is much the same as it is in the United States; however, it is observed on a different day - the second Monday in October. In other parts of the world, different cultures also celebrate festivals of thanksgiving. Although they are quite different than the American holiday, they all revolve around giving thanks for life?s blessings and the celebration of the autumn harvest. In Great Britain, Harvest festival is observed in late September or October. Special services of thanksgiving are held at local churches to honor the day. Decorations include autumn flowers, fruits, vegetables and other food. Jewish people around the globe celebrate Sukkot, a festival of thanksgiving that lasts nine days. For this occasion, a Jewish family will build a booth called sukka. It is then decorated with leaves, branches, and fruits or vegetables from the new harvest. Tables are set up inside the sukka, so meals can be eaten inside. The sukka is also a place to pray. The Festival of the Autumn Moon, or Zhong Qui, is the Chinese celebration of thanksgiving. It is held on the eighth month of the Chinese calendar. The Moon Goddess is honored with mooncakes, and children parade with colored lanterns in the evening. In southern India, people in Kerala hold the harvest festival of Onam. Samaritans deliver food to those in need and homes are decorated with flowers. The celebration continues late into the night with spectacular displays of fireworks. A Lithuanian thanksgiving tradition involves the creation of a boba (meaning old woman) from the last sheaf of grain at harvest time. The grain is fashioned into a doll shape and decorated with ribbons and flowers. Keeping the boba until spring is believed to keep the spirit of the crop alive until replanting begins the following year. The First Thanksgiving The first American Thanksgiving was celebrated in 1621, to commemorate the harvest reaped by the Plymouth Colony after a harsh winter. In that year Governor William Bradford proclaimed a day of thanksgiving. The colonists celebrated it as a traditional English harvest feast, to which they invited the local Wampanoag Indians. Days of thanksgiving were celebrated throughout the colonies after fall harvests. All thirteen colonies did not, however, celebrate Thanksgiving at the same time until October 1777. George Washington was the first president to declare the holiday, in 1789. The questions and answer in the Home Page! What year was the first Thanksgiving celebrated? 1621. Right. The Pilgrims landed in December of 1620 and managed to survive a harsh winter. Their first Thanksgiving was held the next year to celebrate their first rich harvest. The first year The first Thanksgiving lasted for three days! What didn't the Pilgrims eat? Pumpkin pie. right! The Pilgrims didn't have any domesticated cattle, so they didn't have any milk or butter. They did eat boiled pumpkin, though. Were Indians invited to the Pilgrim's first feast? You're right. The first Thanksgiving feast included 91 Indians, who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. The potato is America's most beloved veggie. Why didn't the Pilgrims whip up some mashed potatoes for their big dinner? Potatoes were thought to be poisonous. Yes! This misconception stems from the time of Queen Elizabeth I. Her cooks weren't familiar with the almighty spud, so they tossed the potatoes and and boiled the stems and leaves instead. The royal family members became very ill, and potatoes were banned for more than a century. Which U.S. president scoffed at the idea of a national holiday in honor of the first Thanksgiving? Thomas Jefferson. declare! You're right. Jefferson wasn't in favor of the holiday.