| Ancient Philosophy of India The Vedas The Upanishads The Mahabharata The Ramayana The Puranas The Darshanas (Six Systems of Indian Philosophy) - Nyaya School, Vaisheshika School, Sankhya School, Yoga School (Patañjali - 2rd century C.E.), Mimamsa School, Vedanta School (Shankara c.788-822, Ramanuja c.1056-1137, Madhva c.1197-1276) Madhyamika Buddhism (Nagarjuna 2nd century C.E.) Ancient Chinese Philosophy Kongfuzi (Confucius/K'ung Fu Tzu) 551-479 B.C. Mozi (Mo Tzu) c.470-381 B.C. Mengzi (Mencius/Meng Tzu) 372-289 B.C. Laozi (Lao Tzu) 6th century B.C. Chuang Tzu 369-286 B.C. Hsun Tzu 300-215 B.C. School of Names (Hui Shih 380-305 B.C., Kung-sun Lung c.320-250 B.C.) The Legalist School (Han Fei Tzu 280-233 B.C.) Medieval Chinese Philosophy The Three-Treatise School The Consciousness-Only School The T'ien-t'ai School The Hua-yen School Ch'an Buddhism (Bodhidharma 460-534, Hui-neng 638-713, Shen Hsiu c.606-706, Shen Hui c.670-762) Neo-Confucianism (Zhang Zai (Chang Tsai) 1020-77, Shao Yung 1011-1077 A.D., School of Laws - Ch'eng Yi 1033-1108, Lu Hsaing-shan 1130-92, School of Mind - Ch'eng Hao 1032-85, Zhu Xi (Chu Hsi) 1130-1200, Lu Chu Yuan 1139-93, Wang Shou-Jen 1472-1529), The Empirical School - Tai Chen 1723-77 Zen Buddhism (Eisai 1141-1216, Dogen 1200-1253) Islamic Philosophy al-Kindi c.812-873 Abu Nasr al-Farabi c.870-950 Ibn Sina (Avicenna) 980-1037 Abu Hamid Muhammad al-Ghazali 1058-1111 Ibn Rushd (Averroës) 1126-98 Ibn al-Arabi 1165-1240 Muhammad Iqbal 1875-1938 Ancient Greek Philosophy (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes, Xenophanes, Heraclitus c.544-484 B.C., Parmenides, Zeno, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, Leucippus, Democritus, Pythagoras) Sophism (Protagoras, Gorgias, Thrasymachus) Socrates 470-399 B.C. Cynicism (Antisthenes, Diogenes) Stoicism (Zeno 334-262 B.C.) Hedonism (Aristippus, Epicurus) Plato 427-347 B.C. Aristotle 384-322 B.C. Ancient Roman Philosophy - Stoicism (Seneca d.65 A.D., Epictetus c.60-100 A.D., Marcus Aurelius 121-180 A.D.) Neo-Platonism (Philo c.20 B.C.-c.50 A.D., Plotinus 205-270 A.D.) Early Christianity (Origen, St. Augustine 354-430 A.D.) Medieval Religious Philosophy (John Scotus Erigena c.810-c.877, Avicenna 980-1037, Averröes 1126-1198, Maimonides, Albertus Magnus c.1200-1280, Roscelin, Peter Abelard 1079-1142, St. Anselm 1033-1109, St. Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274, John Duns Scotus 1270-1308, Roger Bacon, William of Occam c.1285-1349, Meister Eckhart c.1260-1327) Renaissance Philosophy (Niccolò Machiavelli 1469-1527, St. Teresa of Ávila 1515-82, Erasmus c.1466-1536, Sir Thomas More 1478-1535, Francis Bacon, Thomas Campanella, Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679, Galileo 1564-1642, Isaac Newton 1642-1727) Reformation and Counter-Reformation (Martin Luther, John Calvin, St. Ignatius Loyola) Rationalism (René Descartes 1596-1650, Blaise Pascal 1623-62, Benedict Spinoza 1632-77, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz 1646-1716) British Empiricism (John Locke 1632-1704, George Berkeley 1685-1753, David Hume 1711-76) French Enlightenment (Voltaire 1632-77, Jean-Jacques Rousseau 1712-78) German Idealism (Immanuel Kant 1724-1804, Johann Gottlieb Fichte 1762-1814, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling 1775-1854, Friedrich Schiller 1759-1805, Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher 1768-1834, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1770-1831, Arthur Schopenhauer 1788-1860) Dialectical Materialism (Karl Marx, Mao Tse-Tung 1893-1976) Positivism (August Comte 1798-1857) British Utilitarianism (Jeremy Bentham 1748-1832, James Mill, John Stuart Mill 1806-73, Henry Sidgwick, Hastings Rashdall) Transcendentalism (Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau) Intuitionism (Henri Bergson 1859-1941) Pragmatism (Charles Sanders Peirce 1839-1914, William James 1842-1910, John Dewey 1859-1952 Modern Logic (Gottlob Frege 1848-1925, Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, Kurt Gödel, Willard Van Orman Quine) Logical Positivism (Ludwig Wittgenstein, Alfred Jules Ayer, Moritz Schlick, Otto Neurath, Rudolf Carnap, Alfred Tarski) Analytic Philosophy - Cambridge Philosophy (George Edward Moore, Bertrand Russell 1872-1970, Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889-1951, John Wisdom), Oxford Philosophy (Gilbert Ryle, John L. Austin) Idealism (Thomas Hill Green, Francis Herbert Bradley 1846-1929, Josiah Royce, John M.E. McTaggart 1866-1925) Phenomenology (Franz Brentano, Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, Nicolai Hartmann, Maurice Merleau-Ponty) Existentialism ( Friedrich Nietzsche 1844-1900, Søren Kierkegaard 1813-55, Martin Heidegger 1889-1976, Jean-Paul Sartre 1905-80, Karl Jaspers, Albert Camus, Gabriel Marcel, Miguel de Unamuno, José Ortega y Gasset) Modern Thomism (Jacques Maritain, Etienne Gilson) Modern Theology (Martin Buber, Karl Barth, Paul Tillich, Reinhold Niebuhr, Rudolf Bultmann) Modern Linguistics (Ferdinand de Saussure 1857-1913, Franz Boas 1858-1942, Edward Sapir 1858-1947, Leonard Bloomfield 1887-1949, Umberto Eco, Noam Chomsky) Structuralism (Claude Lévi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Jacques Lacan) Deconstructionism (Jacques Derrida) Post-Structuralism (Michel Foucault 1926-1984, Gilles Deleuze, Julia Kristeva) Feminism (Mary Wollstonecraft, Simone de Beauvoir, Betty Friedan, Germaine Greer, Kate Millett, Susan Brownmiller) Objectivism (Ayn Rand) |