European Sovereigns, 1648

Denmark & Norway	King Frederik III	1609	1648
Great Britain		King Charles I		1600	1625
France			King Louis XIV	        1638	1643	
Holy Roman Empire	Emperor Ferdinand III	1608	1637
Poland			King Jan II Casimir	1609	1648
Portugal		King Joćo IV		1604	1640
Russia			Tsar Alexei I		1629	1645
Spain			King Felipe IV	        1605	1621
Sweden		        Queen Christina	        1626	1632