The Review Of Mining In Indonesia Vol 1.

INDONESIAN KAOLIN SAMPLE FOR REFERENCE MATERIAL IN CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (Kartiwa Sumadi)

In the last few years, it has been a major development in the field of chemical analysis especially with instrumental technique in the exploration, mining and metallurgical industries. This development provided the fulfillment of chemical analysis criterion, such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity even the speed of analysis. The meaningful analytical measurement are achievable when both reference samples and reference methods have been standardized. Chemical analysis in the mining business are continually making measurement comparisons between unknown and references' samples. One of the research activities of MTRDC in the fiscal year 1994/1995 is to prepare the reference standard kaolin sample for chemical analysis in the laboratories. Two samples have been prepared, namely CLK and BLK and their concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MgO, K2O, and L.O.I. which have been recommended.

MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY MEASUREMENT OF ILMENITE AND ITS ASSOCIATED MINERALS (Ngurah Ardha)

Experiment on measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of ilmenite and its associate minerals was carried out. The sample used contained mostly ilmenite and rutile. However, microparticle analysis helped to elucidate some associated minerals, i.e. monazite, xenotime, sphene, aphrosiderite, collumbite, tantalite and wolframite. It is found that each mineral has a unique value of magnetic susceptibility of ilmenite as an effort of improving of the separation. Nevertheless, excessive heating produces the reverse effect."

A CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF MUARABUNGO GOLD CONCENTRATION BY JIG, SHAKING TABLE, AND SLUICE BOX (Tatang Wahyudi, Lili Tahli, Supriyono HS)

The mineralogy and low grade nature of gold ore from Muarabungo (1.69 g/t Au) provides a good sample for laboratory experiments. Microscopic studies show that the Muarabungo gold deposit consists of sulfides, oxides, and gold particles. Pyrite and chalcopyrite represent the sulfide minerals and ilmenite, magnetite, zircon, as well as quartz are oxides. Gold processing from Muarabungo ores had been conducted using gravity concentration. The experiments using cleaner concentrates as the feed are able to raise the grade up to 390.02 g/t Au with the recovery of 82.54%.

A FUNDAMENTAL APPROACH TO THE SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION OF YTTRIUM FROM BANGKA XENOTIME (Sri Handayani)

Separation and purification of yttrium from several rare earth elements available in rare earth mineral xenotime employing combined separation method, i.e. chromatographic separation and crystallization. In this study, rare earth mixtures and reagent grade synthetic materials were used instead of actual original xenotime mineral samples. The concentration ratio of each rare earth in the mixture was proportional to that of the rare earth mineral xenotime found in Bangka Island, Indonesia. Crystals of yttrium with a purity of 99.9% were obtained which indicates a successful separation of yttrium from the rare earth elements such as lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, gadolinium and dysprosium.)

Book Review: Working in Japan - An Insider's Guide for Engineer Hiroshi Honda (Editor) The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, 1992, ISBN 0-7918-0025-3, 170p. (Suyartono),

NEW TARIFFS ON SECURITY DEPOSIT FOR MINERAL AND COAL CONTRACT OF WORK (Nursaleh Adiwinata)

In order to increase participation of domestic as well as foreign investors in mineral exploration in Indonesia, the Directorate General of Mine has issued a circular No. 560/861/DJPU/1995 dated March 29th, 1995, in terms of new tariffs on security deposits for mineral and coal Contract of Work. The circular principally involves delivery time of security deposit, the form of security deposit, expenditure time of Security Deposit, and the amount of Security Deposit spent by the company. A detailed explanation of the circular is recounted below.

DEVELOPING PEAT MINING IN INDONESIA AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABLE PRINCIPLES (Edi Prasodjo, Mukarwoto)

The peat resource in Indonesia covers a land of approximately 27 million hectares. These can be utilized for a number of purposes, such as agriculture, energy, and forestry. Indonesia peatlands are located mostly in lowlands and most of them are covered with or surrounded by the dense tropical forest. The use of peat for energy is one of the favorite alternatives. However, peat mine development has to consider the ecological principles to save the sustainability of land use. These principles encompass ecosystem balance and rehabilitation, hydrological balance and minimizing any others negative impacts from peat mine development. A number of schematic models may be developed correlating the relationship between the peat development in Indonesia and its ecological principles. The primary aim in developing and constructing such principles and models is to promote, encourage and emphasize the essential of ecologically sustainable peat mine development in Indonesia.

IMPLICATIONS AND PROBLEMS OF ARCHIPELAGO STATES RELATING TO THE iMPLEMENTATION OF PART IV - UNCLOS 1982 (Kuswandani Rusmanto Adibyo)

The Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982 is the most comprehensive law ever made by humankind relating to the sea. The Convention promotes significant change to the sea jurisdiction in favor of humankind and a lot of important innovations can be found in it. The modem regime of archipelagos was under extensive debate for several decades ago before it was accepted by the international community through the recognition of the Convention in 1994. One of the innovations related Archipelago state and water concepts and is provided in Part IV of the Convention. As a consequence, of course, there are some implications connected to the implementation of Part IV of the Convention. Archipelagos states will have significant change in their natural resources-sea based. In order to maintain the integrity and sovereignty, however, an adjustment has to be undertaken particularly in maritime and air space policy covering the state territory. The archipelago state and water concept is also an important political document today for recognition of the state integrity and sovereignty, that has been under international scruting for longtime. In addition, it can be used to promote their international policy and cooperation not only for security and defense purposes but also, the most important one, is for developing the welfare of the state as a whole. In line with the implications mentioned, various problems have arisen by the implementation of Part IV of the Convention such as overlapping of existing and potential claims to the maritime jurisdiction zone and more difficult tasks in surveillance in the field of fisheries, energy and mineral resources exploration and exploitation, shipping including activities of smugging and espionage, protection of the ocean environment and marine science research.