Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)
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Giuseppe Verdi was born in Roncole on October 10th, 1813, the son of a tavern keeper. Verdi learned music starting at the age of three from a pastor in his village's church using a spinette that Verdi owned. The spinette still survives in a museum in Milan.

List of Wagner's Operas

1. 1839 Oberto Conte di San Bonifacio
2. 1840 Un Giorno di Regno
3. 1842 Nabucco
4. 1843 I Lombardi alla Prima Crociata
5. 1844 Ernani
6. 1844 I Due Foscari
7. 1845 Giovanna d' Arco
8. 1845 Alzira
9. 1846 Attila
10. 1847 Macbeth
11. 1847 I Masnadieri
12. 1848 Il Corsaro
13. 1849 Luisa Miller
14. 1850 Stiffelio
15. 1851 Rigoletto
16. 1853 Il Trovatore
17. 1853 La Traviata
18. 1855 Les Vêpres Siciliennes
19. 1857 Simone Boccanegra
20. 1859 Un Ballo in Maschera
21. 1863 La Forza del Destino
22. 1867 Don Carlos
23. 1871 Aida
24. 1887 Otello
25. 1893 Falstaff

Verdi's genius was evident from the beginning. He composed instrumental religious works, sinfonies, and arias for the Filarmonica di Busseto - the philharmonic band located near the village where Verdi grew up.

From very early on, Verdi wanted to be an opera composer. At the beginning it was difficult to find a good libretto, and it was almost impossible to find a stage to perform the completed work. No theater trusted the work of a novice composer. Through hard work and diligence, Verdi eventually experienced modest success with his opera "Oberto" in 1839. A few years later in 1842, he had even greater success with "Nabucco." The opera, interpreted as a political statement on the oppression of the Hebrews, was met with international acclaim.

Even with his first operas, Verdi displayed a captivating new style. His style was bold and subtle in a way that was different from the masters of the period like Rossini, Donizzeti and Bellini. Verdi was a prolific composer. Within a ten-year period he wrote several operas including "Ernani" in 1844 and "MacBeth" in 1847. These operas showcased Verdi's ability to combine character and story alongside his compelling music.

Verdi's success continued into the early 1850's with "Rigoletto" in 1851, "Il Trovatore" in 1853, and, of course, "La Traviata", also in 1853. Verdi had reached the point where he could refuse commissions, instead concentrating only on those tasks that interested him. The operas "Don Carlos" in 1867, and "Aida" in 1871, deftly explored the conflicts between public and private responsibility.

After retiring to become a gentleman farmer in Sant'Agata near his birthplace, Verdi was persuaded to return to composing with the opportunity to create an opera based on Shakespeare's "Othello." The result, "Otello" in 1887, is a masterpiece of dramatic pacing and musical structure. Other operas followed, including the opera "Falstaff," based on Shakespeare's play, "The Merry Wives of Windsor."

Verdi died on January 27, 1901 at the age of 88.