Homeostasis Practise Test
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Part A: Multiple Choice
1. Homeostasis is best
defined as
a) a positive feedback
control that enables the body to respond to changes in the external
environment;
b) a control system that
causes body systems to change if the external environment remains constant;
c) a feedback system
designed to maintain body systems within an optimal range while responding to
environmental or external changes;
d) a feedback system that
prevents a body system from changing
e) a control system designed
to regulate the external environment by making subtle changes to the internal
environment.
2. In times of stress, under
the influence of cortisol, levels of amino acids increase in the blood. Why is
this change beneficial as a response to stress?
a) The amino acids are
converted into proteins, which provide more energy to deal with stress;
b) The amino acids are
converted to glycogen by the liver, lowering blood sugar, which stimulates the
release of TRH;
c) The amino acids are
converted to glycogen by the liver, lowering blood sugar, which stimulates the
release of insulin;
d) The amino acids are
converted into proteins, which are used to repair cells damaged by the stress;
e) The amino acids are
converted to glucose by the liver, raising blood sugar, thereby providing more
energy to deal with stress.
3. Which of the following
choices signifies the beginning of menstruation?
a) There are no longer any
eggs remaining in the ovaries;
b) FSH and LH secretions
decrease and the corpus luteum deteriorates;
c) Oxytocin and PTH levels
decrease because no eggs remain in the ovary;
d) Progesterone levels
increase and positive feedback to the pituitary increases the LH secretions;
e) Estrogen levels rise and
progesterone levels begin to decline.
4. Which of the following
describes a negative feedback reaction?
a) Glucagon stimulates the
release of glucose from the liver, which increases blood glucose;
b) Calcitonin is released
from the thyroid gland and blood calcium levels decrease;
c) LH stimulates the
interstitial cell to produce testosterone, which inhibits the release of LH;
d) The hypothalamus releases
TRH, which travels to the pituitary gland initiating the release of TSH, which
stimulates the release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland;
e) All of the above describe
negative feedback reactions.
5. Two hormones that adjust
body systems for short-term stress and long-term stress, respectively, are
which of the following?
a) TSH and epinephrine;
b) testosterone and
estrogen;
c) estrogen and growth
hormone;
d)epinephrine and cortisol;
e) thyroxine and parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
6. Identify a glucocorticoid
released by the adrenal cortex.
a) epinephrine;
b) glucagon;
c) triiodothronine;
d) follicle-stimulating
hormone (FSH);
e) cortisol.
7. Glucagon is produced in
an organ and affects target cells that are in another part of the body. The
organ of production and the location of the target cells are, respectively,
which of the following?
a) pancreas and liver
b) adrenal medulla and
adrenal cortex
c) hypothalamus and
pituitary
d) liver and pancreas
e) pituitary and adrenal
medulla
8. Which of the following
would be the result of hyper-secretion of the thyroid gland?
a) no change in body weight
but increased body temperatures and increased urine output;
b) a tendency not to gain
weight, a warm peripheral body temperature, and a high energy level;
c) a tendency to gain
weight, a warm peripheral body temperature, and a low energy level
d) a tendency not to gain
weight, a cold peripheral body temperature, and a low energy level;
e) a tendency to gain
weight, a cold peripheral body temperature, and a low energy level.
1.
Describe the two main
functions of the liver and its connection to the kidneys.
2. A drug causes dilation of the afferent arteriole
and constriction of the efferent arteriole. Indicate how the drug will affect
urine formation.
3. Why do the walls of the proximal tubule contain
so many mitochondria?
4. How does excessive salt intake affect the release
of ADH from the pituitary gland?
5. Briefly describe the function of the following
parts of a neuron:
a) dendrites
b) myelin sheath
c) Schwann cells
d) cell body
e) axon
Part
C: Fill in th
1. The __________ body works best at a temperature
of ___oC, with a 0.1% blood sugar level and a blood pH of _____.
2. An __________ in the heart rate during exercise
or the _________ of _________ from the liver to restore blood sugar levels are
examples of the _____________ made by ________.
3. When _________ in the brain detect a rise in body
temperature, a ________ message is coordinated within the ____________ and a
signal is sent to the sweat glands to initiate _________.
4. When external temperatures drop, the hypothalamus
sends messages to the ________ and tissues to ________ body temperature. The
_________ of the arterioles _______ heat loss from the skin and _______ heat in
the core of the body.
5. The ___________ system is made up of two distinct
units, the ____________ _______________ system and the parasympathetic
_________ system.
6. The central nervous system consists of the ____
and the ________________.
7. The cerebrospinal ______ acts as a shock
_________ and a ________ medium, carrying nutrients to the ______ cells while
relaying wastes from the _______ to the _______.
8. The _______ cord carries ______ nerve messages
from the ________ to muscles, organs, and glands.
9. To maintain life processes, the ______ must
eliminate ______ products. The ______ eliminate carbon dioxide, the large
________ removes toxic wastes and the liver transforms ingested toxins into
soluble compounds that can be eliminated by the __________.
10. Approximately one million slender tubules,
called _________, are the functional units of the _______.
11. Secretion is the movement of _________ from the
______ into the _______.
12. When ADH makes the cell membrane _______, the
high concentration of _____ in the intercellular spaces creates osmotic
pressure that draws _______ from the ________ section of the _______ tubule and
__________ duct.
13. The CNS acts s a coordinating center for
_________ and ________ information.
14. The PNS consists of ______ that carry
information between the _______ of the body and the ______________________
system.
15. Reflex arcs contain five essential components:
the ________, the ________ neuron, the interneuron in the spinal cord, the
________ neuron, and the ________.
16. The more rapid the _________ of potassium ions
out of the _____ membrane means that the nerve cell ______ a greater number of
_______ ions than it _____, and the exterior of the membrane becomes ________
relative to the interior.
17. Along with the _______ system, the endocrine system provides integration and _________ of the __________ and tissues.
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