Area of discretion after all restraints have been
applied.
Government mandated worker representation on the
board of directors of a firm.
System of management in which employees are
encouraged to think about issues and contribute their own ideas before
decisions are made.
Programs in which employees provide the capital to
purchase control of an existing operation.
The process of identifying and removing the
conditions that cause powerlessness while enhancing feelings of self&-efficacy.
The beleif that participation ought to be used by
managers for moral reasons.
Governemnt mandated worker participation at various
levels of the organizzation with regard to decisions that affect workers.
Degree to which the leader is accpted by the group.
Degree to which the leader is accepted by the
group.
The major forces pushing toward increased practice
of participation, they are partially offset by other facxtors pushing in the
opposite direction.
Group mechanisms to improve participation of
managers below top organizational levels. Also know as Multiple Management:
Middle management committees to improve the participation of managers below top
organizational levels.
Middle management committies to improve the
participation of managers below top organizational levels.
Condition in which employees have more participation
than they want.
Mental and emotional involvement of person in group
situations that encorage them to contribute to group goals and share
responsibility for them.
Leader who decentralizes authority by consulting with
followers.
Voluntary groups
that recieve training in statisicall techniques and problemsolving
skills and then meet to producee ideas for improving productivity and working
conditions.
The internal belief that one has the necassary
capabilities and competencies to perform a task, fulfill role expections, or
meet a challenging situation successfully.
Groups that are given a large degree of decision
making autonomy and expected to control their own behavior and results. Also
known as Self directing: or Self reliant teanms.
Formal plans to encourage individual employees to
recommand work improvements. A monetary award frequently is offered for
acceptable suggestions.
The process of gettinng every employee involved in
the task of searching for continuos improvements in their operations.
Condition in which employees want more particiation
than they have.
