Stories from the Viking age, including the discovery of Vinland, were passed down by word of mouth for hundreds of years.  When written down and bound, they became the Sagas. This saga contains a reference to Vinland, and also depicts a conflict that occurred between the vikings and the aboriginal peoples.  An exchange of arrows was fired between both groups and Thorvald Ericson, (Leif Ericson's illegitimate brother) took an arrow to the gut and died.  This battle is depicted in the image below

According to the Sagas, Vikings carried such swords which were designed purely for combat, during the Vinland voyages.

The bog areas of the L'anse Aux Meadows site produced a number of specimens related to containers and storage, including a barrel top, spruce root rope used for barrel hoops and cordage, and a small birch bark container sewn with spruce root.

A number of small fragments of jasper were found at L'anse Aux Meadows.  They were used with iron to start fires.  They found samples that were traced back to match Jasper found in Greenland and Iceland

Among the finds objects recovered during the initial excavations were a bone needle, a whetstone, and a soapstone spindle whorl, all objects that couldn't have been left by any Native American group.  One side of the spindle whorl has an old surface that is encrusted with with seal oil: apparently made from a Dorset pot that was found by the vikings. 

 Stones with holes pecked into their tops were known from many Norse sites in the North Atlantic.  Most are oil stained and charred from use as oil lamps.  This piece contains no oil residue, This has lead to the belief that it may have been used as a door post pivot.  (see below)

Acting as a hinge, this bowl like pivot could have been set in the ground to hold a door post, allowing the door to swivel open or closed.  It may also have been a lamp to burn sea mammal oil.

A crucifix bearing a similar top as this wooden piece was found in Iceland.  It is believed that may have been a similar piece of a crucifix.

The Ingstads found this fragment of a small notched bow during their excavations.

Men also displayed their status through jewelry.  The Ring pin was used as part of a brooch that fastened a mans cloak at his shoulder allowing him to freely swing a sword or axe.  The pins length, ring decoration and the value of the metal announced a mans standing and worth.  This pin was the most significant find at L'Anse aux Meadows.  It is the piece that proved that the settlement was indeed a Norse settlement.

Gilded means that this piece of bronze had a gold coating.  This signifies that a Viking of importance was present at the L'anse Aux Meadows site, since only a wealthy Viking such as a chieftain could afford gilded materials.

An important piece of evidence from the Parks Canada excavations was the discovery of butternut shells and husks.  Butternuts do not presently grow in Newfoundland, and even in the warmer conditions of AD 1000 were not found North of the St. Lawrence.  The nuts must have been bought to the site by norse returning from southern explorations.

Like the other wooden pieces found at L'anse Aux meadows this piece was worked by iron tools and may have been used as a boat patch.  A tree nail is also noticeable in one of the holes in the plank.

The furnace site at Black Duck Brook contained scorched earth and considerable amounts of iron rich slag proving that the Norse found bog iron ore and smelted it to produce small amounts of iron.  Corroded rivets and nail stems indicate that vessels were repaired at the site

Roots, strong and flexible were used ny the Vikings to make barrel hoops and other types of cordage.