Topic: 2: ASTRONOMY 1
ASTRONOMY: (Allah knows best)

Besides text below, About evolution more shortly in these links too:

EVOLUTION / LIFE IN SPACE IN QUR'AN

BIG BANG AND CREATION OF HEAVENS AND EARTH IN QUR'AN


Let us start with age of universe in Koran:
22:47 "And surely a day with your Lord is as a thousand years of what you number."

Meaning that a Day with Allah is 1000 years for us in our reckoning in relation with the revolution of the Moon around the Earth ( it is the Hegire year) or the revolution of the Earth around the Sun ( Gregorian year).

70:4 "To Him ascend the Angels and the Spirit in a day the measure of which is fifty thousand years."

In this verse of the Sura 'The way of Ascent' ( it is the Way which take the Angels from the Earth to the Heaven after having executed the duties necessary for the Life of our Planet and the Cosmos). We can note that Allah doesn't say "fifty thousand years of what you number" because the day in question in this verse is a time measure of a Gods day (which each day is 1000 years in our reckoning) and this day is the age of the Universe which all events of our life from heaven to earth ascend to Him.

Let's convert these God's Years in our norms :
50,000 * 365.2422 (days in human year) = 18,262,110 Allah's Days. One Day by Allah is corresponding 1000 years of our reckoning, therefore the Age of the Universe is :
18,262,110 * 1,000 = 18,262,110,000 years, that's to say that the age of the Universe is around 18, 1/4 Billions years (calculated with moon-year it is less). After more than 14 centuries, Science and particularly Professor Jean-Claude Batelere of the "College de France" states that it is now a certitude that the Universe is 18 billions years old. Note that others secrets are hidden in these two verses, and note this is only interpretation, not statement of Allah.

21:30 "Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were joined together as one united piece (/as one unit of creation), before We clove them asunder (/then We parted them)? We made from water every living thing, Will they not then believe?"

This passage not only just describe "Big Bang" (common origin of earth and heaven) and beginning of evolution from water, as Allah said that He created us from soil of the earth, from which our food, origin for semen and growth is, that soil has formed from died animals and plants originated from water.
And Adam is according to Koran created from water, clay (/ground/dust) and by semen (=from womb, it could be only Adam and beginning of humans, past form ?CREATED?, as clones would not be from sperm, although ?semen? can mean cloned cell), how this could be fitted together but by evolution starting in and from water (seas), leading to semen (?nutfah?) that grow from food in stomach (between ?ribs and backbone? 86:6), grown from ground, then from there to womb that semen requires? More accurately about evolution and Qur'an in "HUMAN DEVELOPEMENT"-link.
Also "heavens" and earth can be seen as being said to be separately "joined together", and continental-plates have parted from Pangaea-continent for example (we can see it in continents fitting together like in a jigsaw). According to latest theory "Big Bang" was created from crash of (out of our known borders) two other "embryonic" stage seeds of heavens, which came together and then formed two (or more) universes/dimensions (or two or more on different/same "levels", according to Koran stars are in lowest heaven=other universes same level/with laws of nature as ours). ?Together? it were also in stars (fog)/asteroids.

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Interesting is also part that told about creation of "all living things from water", because elsewhere in the Koran (36:36, 43:12, 51:49) Allah says He created (notice, in PAST form) EVERYTHING (means also other than living) as "pairs", I think it is telling about pair-like structure of an atom, and matter/antimatter kind of double standards. ?Everything living from water? may be one of those direct messages for Mohammed and people of his time (?unbelievers? mentioned), meaning everything living that they can see on earth (?earth? was mentioned), as we now know that all living in this planet has come from water (life on other planets may be different thing, as we did not have to know about it back then). Koran is at the same time revelation partly for people (and Mohammed especially) of that time, also scientifically correct for people until this day, and all between. All of Koran is not mainly for people of this time, as many advices were given considering only situation of that time (as for example fighting against Arabic-pagans), but it still considers us also through knowing and understanding history. But if not speaking only about earth, it is probably that this same evolution is happening also in other planets, not just on earth as described here:


3:59 "The similitude of Jesus before Allah is as that of Adam; He created him from dust, then said to him: "Be". And he was."
?16:40 For to anything which We have willed, We but say the word, `Be', and it is.?
6:133 "Thy Lord is self-sufficient, full of Mercy: if it were His will, He could destroy you, and in your place appoint whom He will as your successors, even as He raised you up from the posterity of other people."



If Jesus was created by "Be" to womb of her mother (possibly using seed made by Allah, as by some mechanism from some state Jesus grow in it normally as others), then could be that Adam had mother (from earlier "human"-species/other planet)? ?Similitude? can only mean that, as Allah has created everything else also by word ?Be?, so only reason for mentioning it can only be evolution really, as both were created without (human) father, in fact 38:72 says that when Allah created Adam He ?breathed? His spirit into him (notice that according to 2:34 immediate command to bow down after that ?breathing? in 38:72 happened only after Adam was told name of things, so maybe his spirit was created before he came to earth into human body, explaining how according to Bible Jesus said he was before Abraham was on earth, ?go ye down!? could describe expulsion of spirits of Adam/Hawwa from paradise to body on earth in womb or after womb), which can be seen as one thing making difference between modern humans and earlier humans/animals, maybe it is mostly capability to believe in Allah that was given to first modern human coming from womb of earlier human (in leap of evolution).
Allah said that mankind has been created from single ?soul?/?person? (4:1/39:6), but that person could be not only Adam (Adam is not mentioned there), but earlier human-like relative from who?s sperm (body of) Adam and/or Hawwa (Eve) were created by leap of evolution, or then ?single soul? was their mother/father (even femine-form of arabics is used in creation, Hawwa is not from ribs of Adam in Quran), or it refers to Adam/Hawwa and to their parents BOTH, or then Adam and that same mother got children, Hawwa (before body of Adam received its spirit from paradise, Allah knew about expulsion before).
In fact it is said that we have been "raised from posterity of other people" in 6:133. These words combined with parts saying that mankind was created from both "WATER" (25:54, through evolution starting from water, also animals are created from water in 24:45) and "GROUND" of the earth (23:12, through that all we are has grown from what we eat, that has its origin in the ground even through animals eating from there, even our/other animals sperm, in fact it can not mean anything else, as 37:11 is speaking about all humans created from clay in general level, not just about Adam, and even parts mentioning creation of man from semen, ?nuftah?, does not exclude Adam from that, in fact cloned humans might not be from sperm, even though cell could be ?semen?, and so creation from semen could describe beginning of mankind, evolution), will tell about evolution, how Allah created us, otherwise it would contradict each others (water/clay/semen?) and science. I think this all fine and easy but complete description about evolution is more easier to understand through description about "jinns" (aliens), who were created from FIRE FREE OF SMOKE, and what that might have meant (that their material came from stars that died), and how more general description it needed as scale for (amount of) them is larger, as even animals in Koran is only said to be created from water (not from ground or by semen from it as humans, as some animals are not), from evolution.



This is not how scholars have fit these parts together, and this theory will be refused by many, but while Muslims gave the utmost respect for those individuals, we do not consider them to be free from error. They were human beings and did not have the scientific knowledge to understand the Quran correctly and so used whatever theories were around at that time to interpret the Quran. Now that we know they were wrong, we can safely reject their interpretations and use the scientific knowledge at our disposal to interpret the Quran. Actually they were not wrong as according to hadith they said that Allah "shaped with His hands" humans from BOTH water and ground, as we truly have been shaped from fish to reptile, then from four legs to two legs, etc. The Quran?s claim to being a perfect revelation is not in the least affected by imperfect interpretations of it by mortal human beings, varying different times as knowledge increases. Once even sun was thought to travel around earth, but now we know that sun travels around center of our galaxy, from where this "traveling/swimming/floating" in Koran is. We also have to remember that when in hadiths or in Koran is said that Allah "shaped" us from these earlier mentioned elements, it can not be taken too literally as many other parts in Koran neither (which was understood by everyone in those times even), but as describing creation powers of Allah, as "sent down water from the skies" hints for the clouds (tools for Allah?s actions), not into space. Time or way it took place is not relevant.


Although "created from ground of the earth" probably means that we are what we eat, it can also be fitted into other part of evolution (which would still not contradict with creation from water, as it had important part in beginning of life and life rising from there to earth):


Although "created from ground of the earth" probably means that we are what we eat, it can also be fitted into other part of evolution (which would still not contradict with creation from water, as it had important part in beginning of life and life rising from there to earth): Clay's matchmaking could have sparked life/19:00 23 October 2003, NewScientist.com news service, Philip Cohen:Two of the crucial components for the origin of life - genetic material and cell membranes ? could have been introduced to one another by a lump of clay, new experiments have shown. The study of montmorillonite clay, by Martin Hanczyc, Shelly Fujikawa and Jack Szostak at the Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, revealed it can sharply accelerate the formation of membranous fluid-filled sacs.

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17:49-52 "They say: "What! when we are reduced to bones and dust, should we really be raised up (to be) a new creation?". Say: "(Nay!) be ye ROCKS or IRON, "Or created matter which, in your minds, is hardest (to be raised up),- (Yet shall ye be raised up)!" then will they say: "Who will cause us to return?" Say: "He who created you first!" Then will they wag their heads towards thee, and say, "When will that be?" Say, "May be it will be quite soon!
"It will be on a Day when He will call you, and ye will answer (His call) with (words of) His praise, and ye will think that ye tarried but a little while."

We all know what kind of rocks fossils are, but also iron is our future, all our atoms will turn to iron in long time.


Both earth and heavens had their own six periods ("days" could be false translation) of creation, here is phases for creation of the heavens (in parts below explaining how you can notice this difference in Koran, point is that there is no dots in Arabic Koran, and we can not know where there should be, it can be only way to explain ?eight? days in 41:9-12).

This was one possible meaning for these six "days"/"periods of time" in creation of universe:

1."Big Bang", 2.Hydro- and helium-atoms core/centre forming couple of minutes after it , 3. 300 000 years from Big Bang Hydro- and helium-atoms formed completely and background radiation is formed, 4. First stars and galaxies are formed, building blocks for universe from stars exploding, 5. Our Milky Way-galaxy is born, and so building blocks for our sun system, 6. Our sun system is born and our planet is "brought together" from meteors finally.


Here is spoken about creation of earth in six "days", later about (earlier but late) creation of heavens:


41:9-10 "Say (Mohammed): Is it that ye deny Him Who created the earth in two Days? And do ye join equals with Him? He is the Lord of (all) the Worlds. He set on the (earth), mountains standing firm, high above it, and bestowed blessings on the earth, and measure therein all things to give them nourishment in due proportion, in four Days, in accordance with (the needs of) those who seek (Sustenance)."



He gave us blessing even this point, continental-plates and with them beginning of evolution on mountains, although even before that there were higher formations on earth. At that early stage mountains may have not be yet so "high above ground" as now, but as soon as those started to develop it was beginning of it, leading into it, and still more higher than other parts of earth. So " set high above" may be later time than this two "days"/periods from creation of earth (maybe it has been last four days or all six, still going on), because when Allah will "set" something to happen, it is, has been and will be, Allah has known always He will do it (and that is answer for those "who ask").


Above here is spoken about six different "day" of creation (of earth) than in these two "days" below.
So here is about creation of heavens (in these verses about our galaxy and sun-system, happening partly same time with formation of earth, ?moreover?):

41:11-12
"Moreover He comprehended in His design the sky, and it had been (as) SMOKE (/hot gas, "Dukhaan"): He said to it and to the earth: "Come ye TOGETHER, willingly or unwillingly." They said: "We do come (together), in willing obedience." So He completed them as seven firmaments in two Days, and He assigned to each heaven its duty and command. And We adorned the lower heaven with lights, and (provided it) with guard. Such is the Decree of (Him) the Exalted in Might, Full of Knowledge."

These two "days" (periods) above are different from ayats 9-10, obviously last two "days" in ayat 11. ("smoke"= 5.formation of our milky way-galaxy, "come ye together"= 6.birth of our sun system from our galaxy). "To it and to earth" may also mean both separately or both coming together, or then both, as in heavens/earth (in pieces of meteors) forming from gas "smoke"), an then in meteor-bombing of earth. As we know, star fogs forming galaxies especially in the early stages of universe (more recently our own galaxy and its star-system of sun, which both "sky" could be here) have been plenty of looking like smoke filling the space before higher amount of stars and planets, and look like smoke even now (in more younger systems). "Dukhaan" (in Arabic) in Koran means smoke/HOT gas. These "circles of clouds" formed for example planets, so "sky" did come "together" WITH ITSELF. Matter of Earth has been born from stardust before our star developed, and so it is originated from explosions of earlier stars and their "smoke/gas", also more harder rocks and dust were brought "together" to form the earth, formed from gas ("smoke") coming together. Moon of earth were born from collision of Earth and planet size of Mars, so "sky" (our galaxy and star-system) and Earth BOTH coming together most likely means that (and bombardment of asteroids). If Bedouin back then realized that earth and sky have same origin, it is BIG miracle itself. Later Earth came "together" ALSO WITH ITSELF when it cooled down and were divided into different layers, and when continents formed super-continents.


Think that in these "AND" word will split the sentence, like dot (as in arabics there is no dots, so we can not know if there should be), and you see that both earth and heavens, and all between them (=heavens), each had their own six days of creation:

50:38
"We created the heavens and the earth -----------------and all between them in Six Days, nor did any sense of weariness touch Us."

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57:4
"He it is Who created the heavens -----------------------------and the earth in Six Days, and is moreover firmly established on the Throne (of Authority). He knows what enters within the earth and what comes forth out of it, what comes down from heaven and what mounts up to it. And He is with you wheresoever ye may be. And Allah sees well all that ye do."
32:4
"It is Allah Who has created the heavens -------------------------and the earth, and all between them, in six Days, and is firmly established on the Throne (of Authority): ye have none, besides Him, to protect or intercede (for you): will ye not then receive admonition?"
10:3
"Verily your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens ----------------------and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority), regulating and governing all things. No intercessor (can plead with Him) except after His leave (hath been obtained). This is Allah your Lord; Him therefore serve ye: will ye not receive admonition?"
25:59
"He Who created the heavens and the earth -----------------------------and all that is between, in six days, and is firmly established on the Throne (of Authority): Allah Most Gracious: ask thou, then, about Him of any acquainted (with such things)."
11:7
"He it is Who created the heavens ---------------------------------and the earth in six Days - and His Throne was over the waters - that He might try you, which of you is best in conduct. But if thou wert to say to them, "Ye shall indeed be raised up after death", the Unbelievers would be sure to say, "This is nothing but obvious sorcery!"
7:54
"Your Guardian-Lord is Allah, Who created the heavens -----------------------------------and the earth in six days, and is firmly established on the throne (of authority): He draweth the night as a veil o'er the day, each seeking the other in rapid succession: He created the sun, the moon, and the stars, (all) governed by laws under His command. Is it not His to create and to govern? Blessed be Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the worlds!"

In Koran Allah says that He created heavens and earth each in 6 PERIODS OF TIME (6 "days" can be even seen as false translation, it speaks about unknown periods of time which is commonly seen as days), with a difference compared to Bible that "all that is between" and "no weariness", He did not sleep/relax. "Day" could be understood as "God time", before sun or planets.

Relativity of time (according to A.Einsteins theory of relativity) can be seen in Koran at least in 32:5, 22:47, 70:4, 17:52, 10:45 and 23:112-114, in some circumstances/situations one of our days is described to be (for us with Allah) like for example "1000/50 000 years", one place where it is told to be like this (that time is relatively and for us might feel that we were on earth "day or part of of a day", 23:112-113) is the end of all, Judgment. For example big gravity slows down time beyond our understanding, people on the planet near black hole might seem for us not moving at all, but they live normal time.

One miracle of Koran proving it is not from man is that Allah does not say that sun will set to west and rise from east, as it does not do so in north at summer, it sets and rises more closer to north than west/east. He only says that He is lord of (two) east and west. Only Abraham is said to have spoken in argument (2:258) that "But it is Allah that caused the sun to rise from the east: Do thou then cause him to rise from the West.", which might prove that prophets are not all-knowing, which is proven by two different statements by Allah and Moses in 55:17 and 26:28, as Moses spoke only about one east and west, and Allah about two of both (think about earth divided by lines on both sides, both line has own west/east).

6:125 "Those whom Allah (in His plan) willeth to guide,- He opened their breast to Islam; those whom He willeth to leave straying,- He maketh their breast close and constricted, as if they had to climb up to the skies: thus doth Allah (heap) the penalty on those who refuse to believe.

This is about painful pressure in avoid of space.

21:32 "We builded the heaven maintained and protective roof; yet they turn away from its signs."

As we know, our atmosphere protects us for example from meteors/space. Could be otherwise, Mars lost its atmosphere. Our universe protects us from hostile emptiness around it, if this means it.

76:1 "Has there not been over man (/mankind) a long period of time, when he was nothing -(not even) mentioned-?"

(Earliest) Human-like have been on this universe less than 6 seconds from "24 hours" of age of universe, modern humans less.

65:12 "It is Allah Who created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof (i.e. seven). His command descents between them (heavens and earth), that you may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah surrounds all things in His knowledge."

Now we know that our atmosphere has seven layers ("..and of the earth the like thereof", for example stratosphere, but similitude in our athmosphere is only in numbers, not that stars would be in lowest heaven), but here (and from other parts talking about 7 heavens) you can possibly undestand that universe / universes (and their dimensions) have also 7 different layers/dimensions. First layer of heaven could be (night) sky seen by us (and either milky way, our whole universe or even several universes in same "dimension level"), because when seen from space, it does not look like the earth would have any atmosphere ("heaven") between it and space. "7 heavens" can also be translated (at least in 23:17) also as "7 paths/tracks".


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