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WHAT'S IN THE FOOD YOUR HEDGEHOG IS EATING??:

Copyright © 1999 - Laura Mowrey - All Rights Reserved


What is this ingredient?

Alfalfa Meal: the aerial portion of the alfalfa plant, reasonably free from
other crop plants, weeds and mold, which has been suncured and finely ground.

Animal Digest: material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic
hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed animal tissue. The animal tissues used shall be exclusive of hair,
horns, teeth, hooves and feathers, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory
practice and shall be suitable for animal feed.

Animal Fat: is obtained from the tissues of mammals and/or poultry in
the commercial processes of rendering or extracting. It consists predominantly of glyceride esters of fatty acids
and contains no additions of free fatty acids. If an antioxidant is used, the common name or names must
be indicated, followed by the words "used as a preservative".

Barley: consists of at least 80 percent sound barley and must not
contain more than 3 percent heat-damaged kernels, 6 percent foreign material, 20 percent other grains or 10
percent wild oats.

Barley Flour: soft, finely ground and bolted barley meal obtained from the
milling of barley. It consists essentially of the starch and gluten of the endosperm.

Beef (meat): is the clean flesh derived from slaughtered cattle, and is
limited to that part of the striate muscle which is skeletal or that which is found in the tongue, in the
diaphragm, in the heart, or in the esophagus; with or without the accompanying and overlying fat and the
portions of the skin, sinew, nerve and blood vessels which normally accompany the flesh.

Beet Pulp ("beet pulp, dried molasses" and "beet pulp, dried, plain"): the dried residue from sugar beets.

Brewer's Rice: the dried extracted residue of rice resulting from the
manufacture of wort (liquid portion of malted grain) or beer and may contain pulverized dried spent hops in an
amount not to exceed 3 percent.

Brown Rice: unpolished rice after the kernels have been removed. Not
a complete AAFCO definition.

Chicken: the clean combination of flesh and skin with or without
accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of chicken or a combination thereof, exclusive of
feathers, heads, feet and entrails.

Chicken By-Product Meal: consists of the ground, rendered, clean parts of
the carcass of slaughtered chicken, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs and intestines, exclusive of
feathers, except in such amounts as might occur unavoidable in good processing practice.

Chicken Liver Meal: chicken livers which have been ground or otherwise
reduced in particle size.

Chicken Meal: chicken which has been ground or otherwise reduced
in particle size.

Corn: unspecified corn product. Not a complete AAFCO definition.

Corn Bran: the outer coating of the corn kernel, with little or none of
the starchy part of the germ.

Corn Germ Meal (Dry Milled): ground corn germ which consists of corn germ
with other parts of the corn kernel from which part of the oil has been removed and is the product
obtained in the dry milling process of manufacture of corn meal, corn grits, hominy feed and other
corn products.

Corn Gluten: that part of the commercial shelled corn that remains after
the extraction of the larger portion of the starch, gluten, and term by the processes employed in the
wet milling manufacture of corn starch or syrup.

Corn Gluten Meal: the dried residue from corn after the removal of the
larger part of the starch and germ, and the separation of the bran by the process employed in the wet milling
manufacture of corn starch or syrup, or by enzymatic treatment of the endosperm.

Corn Syrup: concentrated juice derived from corn.

Cracked Pearl Barley: cracked pearl barley resulting from the manufacture
of pearl barley from clean barley.

Dehydrated Eggs: dried whole poultry eggs freed of moisture by thermal means.

Digest of Beef: material from beef which results from chemical and/or
enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed tissue. The tissues used shall be exclusive of hair, horns, teeth
and hooves, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice.

Digest of Beef By-Products: material from beef which results from chemical
and/or enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed tissue from non-rendered clean parts, other
than meat, from cattle which includes, but is not limited to, lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, livers, blood, bone,
partially defated low-temperature fatty tissue, and stomachs and intestines freed of their contents.
It does not include hair, horns, teeth and hooves.

Digest of Poultry By-Products: material which results from chemical and/or
enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed tissue from non-rendered clean parts of carcasses of
slaughtered poultry such as heads, feet, viscera, free from fecal content and foreign matter except in
such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice.

Dried Animal Digest: dried material resulting from chemical and/or
enzymatic hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed animal tissue. The animal tissue used shall be exclusive of hair,
horns, teeth, hooves and feathers, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good
factory practice and shall be suitable for animal feed. If it bears a name descriptive of its kind or flavor(s),
it must correspond thereto.

Dried Kelp: dried seaweed of the families Laminaricae and Fu-caeae. If the
product is prepared by artificial drying, it may be called "dehydrated kelp".

Dried Milk Protein: obtained by drying the coagulated protein residue
resulting from the controlled co-precipitation of casein, lactalbumin and minor mild proteins from
defatted milk.

Dried Reduced Lactose Whey: No AAFCO definition available.

Dried Whey: the product obtained by removing water from the whey. It
contains not less than 11 percent protein nor less than 61 percent lactose.

Feeding Oatmeal: obtained in the manufacture of rolled oat groats or
rolled oats and consists of broken oat groats, oat groat chips, and floury portions of the oat groats, with only
such quantity of finely ground oat hulls as is unavoidable in the usual process of commercial milling.
It must not contain more than 4 percent crude fiber.

Fish Meal: the clean, dried, ground tissue of undecomposed whole fish or
fish cuttings, either or both, with or without the extraction of part of the oil.

Ground Corn (ground ear corn): the entire ear of corn ground, without
husks, with no greater portion of cob than occurs in the ear corn in its natural state.

Ground Dehulled Oats: presumably ground cleaned oats with hulls removed (ground oat groats).

Ground Wheat: presumably a coarser grind of wheat flour.

Ground Whole Brown Rice (Ground Brown Rice): the entire product obtained
by grinding the rice kernels after the hulls have been removed.

Ground Whole Wheat: ground whole kernel, presumably equivalent to AAFCO's
Wheat Mill Run, Wheat Middlings, Wheat Shorts or Wheat Red Dog, whose principal differences are in
the percentage of crude fiber.

Ground Yellow Corn: same as ground corn, except that the corn
used is yellow in color.

Kibbled Corn: obtained by cooking cracked corn under steam pressure and
extruding from an expeller or other mechanical pressure device.

Lamb Bone Meal: (steamed) dried and ground product sterilized by cooking
undecomposed bones with steam under pressure. Grease, gelatin and meat fiber may or may not be removed.

Lamb Digest: material resulting from chemical and/or enzymatic hydrolysis
of clean and undecomposed lamb. The tissue used shall be exclusive of hair, horns, teeth and
hooves, except in such trace amounts as might occur unavoidably in good factory practice and shall be
suitable for animal feed.

Lamb Fat: obtained from the tissues of lamb in the commercial processes of
rendering or extracting. It consists predominantly of glyceride esters of fatty acids and contains no
additions of free fatty acids. If an antioxidant is used, the common name or names must be indicated, followed
by the words "used as a preservative".

Lamb Meal: the rendered product from lamb tissues, exclusive of blood,
hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents except in such amounts as may
occur unavoidably in good processing practices.

Linseed Meal: the product obtained by grinding the cake or chips which
remain after removal of most of the oil from flaxseed by a mechanical extraction process. It must contain no more
than 10 percent fiber. The words "mechanical extracted" are not required when listing as an
ingredient in the manufactured food.

Liver: the hepatic gland (of whatever species is listed).

Meat and Bone Meal: the rendered product from mammal tissues, including
bone, exclusive of blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents,
except in such amounts as may occur unavoidably in good processing practices.

Meat By-Products: the non rendered, clean parts, other than meat, derived
from slaughtered mammals. It includes, but is not limited to, lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, livers,
blood, bone, partially defatted low-temperature fatty tissue and stomachs and intestines freed of
their contents. It does not include hair, horns, teeth and hooves.

Meat Meal: the rendered product from mammal tissues, exclusive of blood,
hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents except in such amounts as
may occur unavoidably in good processing practices.

Poultry By-Product Meal: consists of the ground, rendered, clean parts of
the carcass of slaughtered poultry, such as necks, feet, undeveloped eggs, intestines, exclusive of
feathers, except in such amounts as might occur unavoidably in good processing practices.

Poultry Digest: material which results from chemical and/or enzymatic
hydrolysis of clean and undecomposed poultry tissue.

Poultry Fat (feed grade): primarily obtained from the tissue of poultry in
the commercial process of rendering or extracting. It shall contain only the fatty matter natural to the
product produced under good manufacturing practices and shall contain no added free fatty acids or other
materials obtained from fat. It must contain not less than 90 percent total fatty acids and not more
than 3 percent of unsaponifiables and impurities. It shall have a minimum titer of 33 degrees Celsius.
If an antioxidant is used, the common name or names must be indicated, followed by the
word "preservative(s)".

Powdered Cellulose: purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose
prepared by processing alpha cellulose obtained as a pulp from fibrous plant materials.

Rice Bran: the pericarp or bran layer and germ of the rice, with only such
quantity of hull fragments, chipped, broken, or brewer's rice, and calcium carbonate as is unavoidable
in the regular milling of edible rice.

Soybean Hulls: consist primarily of the outer covering of the soybean.

Soybean Meal (Dehulled, solvent Extracted): obtained by grinding the
flakes remaining after removal of most of the oil from dehulled soybeans by a solvent extraction process.

Soybean Meal (Mechanical Extracted): obtained by grinding the cake or
chips which remain after removal of most of the oil from the soybeans by a mechanical extraction process.

Soybean Mill Run: composed of soybean hulls and such bean meats that
adhere to the hulls and such bean meats that adhere to the hulls which results from normal milling operations in
the production of dehulled soybean meal.

Tallow: animal fats with titer above 40 degrees Celsius.

Turkey: unspecified turkey. Not a complete AAFCO description.

Turkey Meal: the ground clean combination of flesh and skin with or
without accompanying bone, derived from the parts or whole carcasses of turkey or a combination thereof,
exclusive of feathers, heads, feet and entrails.

Wheat Bran: the coarse outer covering of the wheat kernel as separated
from cleaned and scoured wheat in the usual process of commercial milling.

Wheat Flour: wheat flour together with fine particles of wheat bran, wheat
germ and the offal from the "tail of the mill". This product must be obtained in the usual process of
commercial milling and must not contain more than 1.5 percent crude fiber.

Wheat Germ Meal: consists chiefly of wheat germ together with some bran
and middlings or short. It must contain not less than 25 percent crude protein and 7 percent
crude fat.

Wheat Mill Run: coarse wheat bran, fine particles of wheat bran, wheat
shorts, wheat germ, wheat flour and the offal from the "tail of the mill". This product must be obtained in the
usual process of commercial milling and must contain not more than 9.5 percent crude fiber.

Whey: the product obtained as a fluid by separating the coagulum from
milk, cream or skimmed milk and from which a portion of the milk fat may have been removed.

ADDITIONAL TIPS:

Avoid foods that rely on by-products as the sole source of animal protein.

Avoid generic or store brands. Many of these are actually rejects from the big manufacturers, and
may contain cheaper ingredients.

Select brands which use "natural" preservatives such as
vitamin C and E.

Store dry foods in a air tight container in a cool dry place. Canned food should be kept in a glass
container (not plastic!) in your refrigerator. Do not store any longer then 3 days. You can freeze small
amounts however and take out and thaw as needed.


COMMON DISORDERS

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