800 - Charlemagne (Charles the Great) crowned first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III, on Christmas Day (-814). Poems sung to music at Charlemagne's court. Irish travelers reach Iceland. Invasion of Bohemia by the Franks. Northmen invade Germany.

801 - Charlemagne prohibits prostitution.

802 - First planting of rose trees in Europe. Vikings dominate Ireland. Nicephorus I becomes Byzantine Emperor, dethroning Empress Irene.

803 - Byzantine Empire recognizes independence of Venice. Bulgarians free themselves from Tatar dominance.

804 - Charlemagne's last war against the Saxons.

806 - Monastery of Iona sacked by Northmen.

807 - War between the Franks and the Eastern Empire.

808 - Fez becomes capital of Morocco.

809 - Bulgarians conquer Sofia.

810 - Persian scientist writes a book on equations, and coins the term "algebra". Michael I Rangabe, Byzantine Emperor.

813 - The Synod of Mainz decrees four days public holidays for Christmas. School of Astronomy at Baghdad. Leo V, an Armenian, becomes Byzantine Emperor.

814 - Arabs take over Indian numerals, including zero, to multiply by ten. Charlemagne dead; succeeded by his son, Louis "the Pious".

815 - Egbert of Wessex defeats the Britons of Cornwall.

816 - Abbot Gosbert founds the library at St. Gallen.

820 - Michael II, the Amorian, becomes Byzantine Emperor.

821 - Cenwulf of Mercia dead. End of Mercian supremacy in England.

824 - Egbert subdues and unites England's part-states.

825 - Pavia becomes center of science and literature. Saracens in Crete.

826 - Arabs conquer Crete and plunder from there to the Greek islands. King Harold of Denmark spreads Christianity to Scandinavia.

827 - Arab conquest of Sicily and Sardinia begins.

828 - Founding of St. Mark's, Venice

829 - Theophilus becomes Byzantine Emperor.

830 - Prince Molmir founds the Great Moravian Empire, and rules until 846.

832 - Persecution of the image worshipers in the Eastern Empire. Caliph Mamun invades Egypt.

833 - King Louis I defeated by his three sons at Colmar and deposed.

834 - The Danes raid England. King Louis restored to his throne.

835 - Pope Gregory IV authorizes the "All Hallow's Festival" (Halloween), first observed May 13, moved to Nov.1.

837 - War between Wessex and the Danes. New division of the Frankish Empire.

838 - Arabs sack Marseilles and settle in S.Italy. They defeat the Byzantine army at Asia Minor.

839 - Ethelwulf, king of England

840 - Danish settlers found Dublin and Limerick. Louis I, the Frankish Emperor dead.

841 - Northmen plunder Rouen and advance to Paris. Halfdan of Norway founds the monarchy.

842 - Turkish mercenaries join Arab armies. Michael III "the Drunkard", becomes the Byzantine Emperor.

843 - Treaty of Verdun.

844 - Kenneth, king of the Scots, defeats the Picts and becomes sole monarch.

845 - Paper money in China leads to inflation and state bankruptcy. Buddhist persecution in China. Northmen destroy Hamburg.

846 - Arabs sack Rome and damage the Vatican. Venetian fleet destroyed by Arabs.

848 - Pope Leo IV builds Leonine Wall around the Vatican hill.

849 - Alfred the Great is born.

850 - First use of Holy Water. Coffee is discovered in Arabia. Jews begin to settle in Germany and develop the Language of Yiddish. Tibetan power collapses.

851 - Earthquake in Rome. Crossbow comes into use in France. Danes sack Canterbury Cathedral.

853 - War between Charles the Bald and Louis of Germany.

855 - Earliest attempts at polyphonic music.

856 - End of Lombard reign in Tarento.

857 - Ergotism epidemic in W.Europe, caused by poison grain.

858 - Vikings sack Algeciras, but are expelled by the Arabs.

859 - Norse pirates sack the Mediterranean coast up to Asia Minor.

860 - The first king of Scotland, Kenneth I MacAlpine, dead. Founding of Cambodian city of Angkor Thom.

861 - Iceland discovered by the Northmen. Northmen sack Paris, Toulouse, Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle, and Worms.

862 - Rurik, the first Russian grand prince, founds Novgorod.

863 - Constantine II becomes king of Scotland.

864 - Prince Boris I of Bulgaria accepts Christianity.

865 - Danes occupy Northumbria. Russian Northmen attack Constantinople.

866 - The Danes establish a kingdom in York.

867 - Basil I becomes Byzantine Emperor, begins the Macedonian Dynasty.

868 - Tulunid Dynasty in Egypt.

869 - Malta captured by the Arabs.

870 - Calibrated candles used to measure time in England.

871 - Alfred the Great becomes king of England.

872 - Harold Haarfagr makes himself king of Norway.

874 - Northmen settle in Iceland. Uprising against Chin. T'ang Dynasty.

875 - Charles "the Bald" crowned Emperor.

876 - Charles III "the Fat" becomes Emperor.

877 - Egypt annexes Damascus. Louis II "the Stammerer", king of France.

878 - Arabs conquer all of Sicily and make Palermo the capital. King Alfred recaptures London from the Danes.

879 - Nepal gains independence from Tibet. France partitioned.

880 - Emperor Basil reconquers Italy from the Arabs.

881 - Constantine II, king of Scotland, dead. Succeeded by King Eocha.

884 - Emperor Charles III becomes king of France. Charlemagne Empire reunited

885 - Northmen beseige Paris. Ashot I, king of Armenia

886 - Emperor Basil I dead. Succeeded by Leo VI.

887 - Final separation of Germany and France.

888 - Charles III dead. Count Odo of Paris becomes king of France. Berengar becomes the King of Italy.

889 - Donald I, king of Scotland

890 - Alfred the Great establishes a militia and navy, and institutes fairs and markets. Veneration of St.Yosef (Joseph), husband of St.Miryam (Mary).

891 - Emperor Aroulf defeats Northmen at Louvain.

893 - Charles "the Simple" becomes the king of France. Danes attack England, but are defeated.

894 - Ending of the political and cultural ties between Japan and China.

895 - King Alfred defeats and captures Danish fleet on the Lea River. The Magyars are expelled from Russia, settle in Hungary.

897 - War between the Bulgarians and the Saracens.

899 - Germany invaded by the Hungarians. Alfred "the Great" dead. Succeeded by Edward "the Elder".

900 - Christian reconquest of Spain. Vikings discover Greenland. Paper manufacturing in Cairo. Castles become homes of the European nobility. The Mayas abandon the lowlands of Mexico, and emigrate to the Yucatan peninsula. Constantine III, king of Scotland. England divided into "shires".

901 - Edward the Elder takes the title "King of the Angles and Saxons". Samanid rule in Persia.

904 - Russians attack Constantinople again. Salonika sacked by Moslem pirates.

907 - The Magyars destroy the Moravian empire and raid Germany and Italy.

909 - Rise of the Fatimid Dynasty in Kalrouan, N.Africa.

910 - Byzantine emperor pays tributes to the Magyars. Kingdom of Asturias given the name of "Leon". Edward "the Elder" takes possession of London and Oxford.

911 - Dukedom of Normandy established, with Rouen as capital and Robert I (Rollo) as Duke. Carolingians dying out, the Empire becomes elective.

912 - Constantine VII becomes Byzantine Emperor.

913 - Edward the Elder recaptures Essex from the Danes. Bulgaria invades Thrace and Macedonia.

915 - Fatimid armies invade Egypt. Berenger crowned Emperor of Italy.

916 - Arabs expelled from central Italy. Dane attacks on Ireland.

917 - Symeon I assumes title: "Czar of the Bulgarians and Greeks". Bulgarian Church separates from Rome and Constantinople.

919 - Duke Henry of Saxony becomes German King.

921 - Bohemians embrace Christianity.

924 - Symeon devastates Greece. Edward "the Elder" dead.

925 - Atheistan becomes king of England. Henry I conquers Lorraine.

926 - The King of Wales, Strathclyde, and of the Picts and Scots submit to Athelstan after he drives Guthfrith out of Northumbria. Hugh, King of Italy.

927 - Peter, Czar of Bulgaria

928 - King Henry I conquers Slav province of Brennabor (Brandenburg).

929 - Henry subdues Bohemia and the Slavs. Charles "the Simple" dead; Rudolph becomes sole ruler of France. Founding of Meissen in Saxony.

930 - Cordoba is seat of Arab learning, commerce, and industry in Spain.

931 - Ramiro II, King of Leon.

933 - King Henry defeats Hungarians at Merseburg.

934 - Eric Blodoxe, king of Norway, his cruelty leads to revolts.

935 - Harold Bluetooth, first Christian king of Denmark. Algiers founded by Arabs. Wang Chien establishes monarchy in China.

936 - Louis IV, king of France. King Henry I dead, succeeded by Otto I.

937 - Atheistan defeats Danes, Scots, and Strathclyde Britons.

938 - Khltans establish new Chin. capital of Yenching, later called Peking.

939 - Civil war in Japan. Arabs lose Madrid to the kingdom of Leon.

940 - Edmund I becomes king of England.

941 - The Danes in England make war on Edmund I. Russian fleet attack on Constantinople repulsed.

942 - Linen and wool manufacture in Flanders. Arabs bring kettledrums and trumpets to Europe. Malcolm I, king of Scotland

945 - Louis IV taken prisoner by Hugo "the Great", Duke of France. Romanus overthrown by Constantine VII. Lothar III, King of Italy.

950 - Europe in the "Dark Ages". The Lapps enter Norway. Berenger and his son Adalbert crowned kings of Italy. Ordono III, King of Leon.

951 - Otto I becomes King of the Franks and Lombards.

953 - Indulf becomes King of Scotland.

954 - Lothar becomes King of France.

955 - Edwy becomes King of England.

956 - Sancho I becomes King of Leon.

957 - Rebellion of Mercians, Northumbrians against King Edwy.

959 - Edgar "the Peaceful", King of England. Romanus II, Byzantine Emperor.

960 - Mieczyslav I becomes first ruler of Poland.

961 - Byzantines reconquer Crete from the Arabs.

962 - Otto I crowned Holy Roman Emperor.

963 - First London bridge. First monastic foundation at Mt. Athos, Greece. Nicephorus II Phocas, Byzantine Emperor, defeats Arabs and Bulgarians.

964 - New Maya empire. Nicephorus II conquers Cyprus from Arabs. Silver and copper mines in the Hartz Mountains, Germany.

965 - English invade Celtic kingdom of Gwynedd. Baptism of the Bells by the Roman Catholics.

966 - Ramiro III becomes King of Leon. Poles converted to Christianity.

967 - Otto II crowned emperor in Rome. Cullean becomes King of Scotland.

968 - Russians ravage E.Bulgaria. Janhar el-Kaid founds El-Kahira (Cairo).

969 - Fatimid caliphs of Tunisia rule Egypt. Fatimid style in Syrian-Egyptian architecture. Emperor Nicepherus murdered. Succeeded by John I Tzimisces.

970 - Russians driven out of Balkans. Sancho, King of Navarre

971 - Kenneth II becomes king of Scotland.

972 - N.Africa freed from Egypt. E.Slav tribes in Russia unified.

973 - Commercial relations between Egypt and Italy. Otto I, founder of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, dead. Succeeded by Otto II.

974 - First known earthquake in Great Britain.

975 - St.Edward the Martyr becomes King of England. William, Count of Aries, takes Garde-Freinet from Arabs.

976 - Basil II Bulgaroktonos "Slayer of the Bulgarians" becomes Emperor. Bavaria loses Carinthia and Verona to Otto II, after dethroning Henry.

978 - Otto II at war with Lothair of France.

979 - King Edward murdered. Ethelred II "the Unready" crowned at Kingston. Northmen in Ireland defeated by Malachi at Tara.

980 - Rule of nobles end in Rome. Danish raids on England. Organ with 400 pipes in England.

981 - Beginning of Bulgarian war.

982 - Viking raids in Dorset, Portland, S.Wales. Eric the Red establishes first Viking colonies in Greenland. Otto II defeated by Saracens in B.Italy.

983 - Otto II succeeded by his 3-year-old son Otto III. Slav rebellion against German rule. Flourishing trade between Asia and W.Europe.

985 - Sweyn, king of Denmark and Sweden, dead.

986 - Sabuktigin of Ghazni invades India. Louis V, King of France. Rebuilding of Peking begins.

987 - Hugh Capet, founder of the Capetian line, King of France, dead.

988 - Vikings attack Devon and Somerset. Irish Danes raid Wales.

990 - Danzig becomes capital of Slav ducy of Panerania. Systematical musical notation developed.

991 - Byrhtnoth of Essex is defeated by the Danes.

992 - Treaty between Ethelred and the Normans.

993 - Vikings ravage Yorkshire. Olaf Tryggvesson becomes the first Christian King of Norway. First cannonization of saints.

994 - King of Sweden, Olof Skotkonung, accepts Christianity.

995 - The Slavnici, last independent tribe of Bohemia, subdued by the Germans. Constantine IV, King of Scotland. Canonization of dead Saints by the Roman Catholics.

996 - Civil war in Rome. Icelandic settlers arrive in Greenland. Otto III crowned Emperor. Cane Sugar arrives in Venice from Alexandria.

997 - Kenneth III, king of Scotland. Stephen I "the Saint", King of Hungary.

998 - "Fasting" on Fridays and during Lent invented by the Roman Catholics. Isle of Wight attacked by Danes.

999 - The Poles conquer Silesia.

1002 - Danish settlers in England murdered by order of Ethelred II. Otto III dead; succeeded by Henry II.

1003 - War between Germany and Poland. Sweyn and his army lands in England.

1004 - King Henry defeats Ardoin, crowned King of Lombardy at Pavia. Henry's war against Boleslav. Arabs sack Pisa.

1005 - Malcolm II becomes King of Scotland.

1006 - Mohammedans settle in n.western India. Robert II of France allies with Henry II against Baldwin of Flanders.

1007 - Ethelred II pays the Danes 30,000 pounds to gain 2 years of peace.

1008 - Mahmud of Ghazni defeats Hindus at Peshawar.

1009 - First Imperial Diet at Goslar.

1010 - Robert II of France proclaims the "Peace of God".

1011 - Ethelred invades S.Wales, and the Danes take Canterbury.

1012 - First persecution of heretics in Germany. Ethelred pays Danes an additional 48,000 pounds for peace.

1013 - The Danes become the masters of England. Ethelred flees to Normandy.

1014 - Henry crowned emperor in Rome. Basil II has Bulgarian army blinded. End of Norse rule in Ireland.

1015 - King Olaf II restores independence and Christianity to Norway. Arabs conquer Sardinia.

1016 - Norman knights in S.Italy. Ethelred II dead, succeeded by Canute.

1017 - Canute divides England into four earldoms.

1018 - War ends between Germany and Poland. Union of south and n.Scotiand. Byzantium regains Macedonia. Mahmud pillages sacred Indian city of Muttra.

1020 - Jaroslav "the Wise", Prince of Kiev, codifies Russian law and builds cities, schools, and churches. Pisa annexes Corsica.

1021 - Basil's campaign against Armenia.

1022 - Emperor Henry II defeats the Greeks in S.Italy. Eric the Saint dead. Synod of Pavia insists on celibacy of clergy.

1024 - Henry II dead; succeeded as German king by Conrad II, the Salic.

1025 - Boleslav I becomes King of Poland. Decline of Byzantine power.

1026 - Guido d'Arezzo introduces solmization in music (do,re,mi...) Canute goes on pligrimidge to Rome.

1027 - Conrad II crowned "Holy Roman Emperor" at Rome.

1028 - Canute conquers Norway. Romanus III becomes Byzantine Emperor. Sancho of Navarre takes Castile.

1030 - Canute kills the former Norway king, Olaf Haraidsson. Dorpat founded.

1031 - Henry I becomes King of France.

1032 - Rudolph III dead, Conrad unites Burgundy with the Empire.

1033 - Germans and Russians defeat Mieczyslav II of Poland, which becomes fief of the Empire. Castile becomes a seperate kingdom.

1034 - Malcolm II dead; succeeded by Duncan. Michael IV, Byzantine Emperor

1035 - Canute dead, his kingdom is divided among his three sons.

1038 - Stephen of Hungary dead, Abo usurps the throne. Peter, the legal heir, flees to Germany.

1039 - Conrad II dead, succeeded by Henry III. Prince Gwynedd defeats the English.

1040 - Duncan of Scotland murdered by Macbeth, who becomes king. Harold dead; succeeded by Hardicanute.

1041 - Lombards and Normans defeat Greeks. Siward murders Eardwulf, becomes sole ruler of Northuftria.

1042 - Magnus, King of Denmark. Constantine IX Monamachus, Byzantine Emperor. Canute dead; succeeded by Edward "the Confessor". Rise of Seljuk Turks.

1045 - Rodrigo Diaz (The Cid), Spanish national hero, is born.

1046 - Henry III crowned emperor in Rome. Both Popes are dethroned.

1047 - William of Normandy defeats rebel nobles. Sweyn Estrithson, King of Denmark. Harald Hardrada, King of Norway. Andrew I, King of Hungary.

1050 - Egypt collapses under military dictatorship. Normans invade England. English monks excel in embroidery. The harp arrives in Europe. Polyphonic singing replaces Gregorian chant.