Sure, you might have heard that Remus was a man raised by wolves, but have you heard of these links, that might have been inspiration for JKR?

Achilles- disguised so wouldn't have to fight in Trojan War, similar to Harry and Ron transforming into Crabbe and Goyle. (Book II)
Anacy- character who appears as a spider and tricks people, similar to both Peeves and Aragog.
Argus- a monster with a hundred eyes which is distracted by music, like Filch (the eyes and the name) and Fluffy (the music).
Camelot- similar to Hogwarts
Cerberus- three headed dog, like Fluffy.
The Gorgons/Medusa- turns creatures to stone with stare, similar to the Basilisk.
Mordred- King Arthur's son raised by Queen Mab, who trained him to destroy Arthur, similar to Draco and Harry.
Narcissus- man who fell in love with himself because he was so handsome. He died staring at his reflection, he is like Lockhart, so full of it.
Pandora- world's first mortal given a box filled with evil and told her not to open it, or the bad spirits would be released. However, her husband opened it, like Ginny freeing Tom Riddle.
If you have any other mythology link, send them to me!