Cases |
Decisions | Related Case |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Established judicial review;midnight judges; John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court. | U.S. v. Nixon (1974). |
| 2. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Established national supremacy; established implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax federal institution; John Marshall; "the power to tax is the power to destroy". | Gonzales v. Raich (2005). |
| 3. Schenck v. U.S. (1919) | Oliver Wendell Holmes; clear and present danger test; shouting "fire" in a crowded theatre; limits on speech, esp. in wartime. | Texas v. Johnson (1989). |
| 4. Brown v. Board, 1st (1954) | School segregation unconstitutional; segregation psychologically damaging to blacks; overturned separate but equal; use of 14th Amendment; judicial activism of Warren Court; unanimous decision. | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896). |
| Brown v. Board, 2nd (1955) | Ordered schools to desegregate "with all due and deliberate speed." | |
| 5. Engel v. Vitale (1962) | Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of the 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause; Warren Court's judicial activism. | Zelman v. Simmons-Harris (2002). |
| 6. Baker v. Carr (1962) | "One man, one vote." Ordered state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; Warren Court's political judicial activism. | Gill v. Whitford (2017). |
| 7. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights. | |
| 8. NY Times v. Sullivan (1964) | Held that statements about public figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth. | |
| 9. Roe v. Wade (1973) | Established national abortion guidelines; trimester guidelines; no state interference in 1st; state may regulate to protect health of mother in 2nd; state may regulate to protect health of unborn child in 3rd. Inferred from right of privacy established in Griswald v. Connecticut. | Pottawatomie v. Earls (2008). |
| 10. Shaw v. Reno (1993) | No racial gerrymandering; race cannot be the sole or predominant factor in redrawing legislative boundaries; majority-minority districts. | Gill v. Whitford (2017). |
| 11. U.S. v. Lopez (1995) | Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. The first case to begin reigning in Congress' authority under the Commerce Clause. | Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S. (1964). |
| 12. Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) | Compelling Amish students to stay in school past 8th grade violates free exercise clause. | Oregon v. Smith (1990). |
| 13. McDonald v. Chicago (2010) | The Second Amendment is applicable to the states. | District of Columbia v. Heller (2008). |
| 14. Citizens United v. FED (2010) | Political spending by corporations/labor unions is protected speech. | |
| 15. Tinker v. Des Moines ISD (1969) | Public school students have the right to wear black armbands to protest Vietnam War. | Morse v. Frederick (2007). |
