Chapter 1: An Introduction
Objectives
Information and Systems Information Characteristics
What Is a System?
Systems and Subsystems
Closed and Open Systems
Information and Managers
Systems Theory
Processes and Processing
Four stages of processing
Information Systems Categories
Special DSS Categories
What is a Transaction?
Transaction Processing Systems
Decision Support Systems
Knowledge Workers
Drucker, Quote One
Drucker, Quote Two
IS in Business IS Different Business Sectors
Databases &Telecommunications
Why Study IS? Degrees in IS
Information Systems Careers
Understand how and why information systems are essential to business
Know how computers process data
Understand the functions of different types of information
systems
Understand how different information systems serve
different levels within an organization
Understand the relationship between telecommunications and databases
Know how to evaluate information systems and their role in
organizations
Identify major ethical and social conflicts created by information
systems utilization
Data
raw (unprocessed) entities
Information
processed data
Information is further defined as being meaningful in a particular
context
Relevant
Complete
Accurate
Current
Economical
A system is an array of components that work together
to achieve a common goal
All systems can be considered as being composed of subsytems
A closed system is a hypothetical construct that does not have any
connections with other systems
An open system connects (interfaces) to other systems.
Managers are typically involved in planning and monitoring
Coordination
Reporting
Managers at all levels need information to support decisions
Managers at different levels utilize different types of information
systems
A theory that characterizes an organization in terms of its sub-organizations
and subsystems
A process is any manipulation of data
Input
Processing
Output
Storage
Transaction Processing Systems
gather data
Management Information Systems
Aids magagers in planning, control, and decision making.
gather and process data
Decision Support Systems
enhance quality and consistency of decisions
Executive Information System
Expert System
Group Decision Support Systems
Business event
Exchange of goods or money
Exchange of money for services
A computer based cash register
An ATM
The earliest computers were transaction processing machines
Answer the question What if?
Usually used by middle and senior level managers
Term invented by Peter Drucker
People whose main function is to generate information based on knowledge
in their respective field
Since the knowledge worker directs himself, he must understand what
achievement is expected of him and why. He must also understand the work
of the people who have to use his knowledge output. For this, he needs
a good deal of information, discussion, instruction--all things that take
time....this time demand is made not only on his superior but equally on
his colleagues.
Because knowledge work cannot be measured the way manual work can,
one cannot tell a knowledge worker in a few simple words whether he is
doing the right job and how well he is doing it.
Accounting
Finance
Marketing
Human Resources
Manufacturing
Government
Service
Retail
New Businesses
Unifies all Information Systems
Unites all businesses
Required for web merchandising
Object Orientation and the future
Business, the Internet, the Web, and Databases
