Group:
Dinoflagellate-Most are unicellular,some colonial
forms
-has characteristic shape reiforced by internal plates
of cellulose
-has 2 flagella
-move by beating of flagella produces spinning
movement
-Some live as mutualistic symbioants of animals-
cnidarians
-Others lack chloroplasts & live as parasites w/in
marine animals
-Some(heterotrophic)become temporarily autotrophic by
extracting cholorplasts from photosynthetic protists
Apicomplexan-parasites of animals
-parasites disseminate as sporozoites(tiny infectious
cells)
-One end of sporozoite cell has complex of organelles
specialized for penetrating host cells & tissues
Ciliates-use cilia to move & feed
-Live as solitary cells in fresh water
-Contrasat to flagella, cillia are short
-Associate w/ submembrane syst. of microtubules
(coordinate movement of cilia)
-Cytoplasmic organizat. provide heritable info
-some completely covered by row of cilia
-Others have cilia clustered in few row/tufts
-Most complex of all cell
-has presence of 2 diff. nuclei, lrg macronucleus &
tiny micronuclei
-meiosis & syngamy are separate from reproduct.
Candidate Kingdoom: Stramenopila
-Many are heterotrophic & lack plastids
-Have unusual chlorplasts w/ 2 membranes outside usual
chloroplast envelope,small amt of cytoplasm, &
vestigial nucleus
Group:
Diatoms-Yellow/brown in color
-have unique glasslike walls made of hydrated silica
embed in organic matrix
-each wall has 2 parts that overlap
-Capable of gliding movement
-reproduce asexually by mitotic divison
-sexual stages common
-In common w/ golden algae & brown algae, store food
reserves in form of glcuose polymer-laminarin
Golden Algae-Cells biflagellated, w/ both flagella
attached near 1 end of cell
-Many live among freshwater & marine plankton
-Some species mixotrophic
-Most are unicellular
Water molds & relatives (Oomycota)
-heterotrophic stramenopiles, lack chlorplast
-Some unicellular
-Others have coenocytic hyphae(fine branchng filaments)
-Analogous to branching filaments of true fungi
-Have cell walls made of cellulose,fungi made of chitin
-has diploid condition(fungi has condition reduced)
-has biflagellated cells(almost all true fungi lack
flagella)
-Most are decomposers
-Some are parasitic molds
-Dispersed by wiindblown spore
-Also form flagellated zoospores at some point of life
cycle
Brown Algae(Phaephyta)
-lrges & most complex algae
-All are multicellular
-Most are marine
-common along temperate coasts(where water is cool)
-chloroplast sturcture & pigment similiar to that of
golden algae & diatoms
Candidate Kingdom:Rhodophyta
-have no flagellated states in their life cycle
-Most abundant in warm coastal waters of tropical
oceans
-Also some in freshwater & soil species
-Most are multicellular
-Life cycles diverse
-Gametes rely on water current, lack flagella
-Alternation of generations common
Candidate Kingdom-Green Algae
-Most live in fresh water
-May marine species
-Some live as plankton/ inhabit damp soil/snow
-Some live symbiotically w/in other eukaryotes
-Some are biflagellated cholorophytes
-Some are unicellular cholorophytes
-Some are colonial species
-Some are multicellular cholorophytes
-Nearly all reproduce sexually by bifalgellated
gametes having cup shaped choloroplasts
-Some produce amoeboid gametes
-Life cycles include asexual & sexual stages
-Zygote diploid, life cycle stages haploid
-Some produce gametes that differ structurally from
vegetative cells
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