-Amphibia-"two lives" refer to metamorphosis of frogs
-First veterbrates on land
-Moist skin
-Most have lungs/skiin
-3 chambered heart
-may undergo metamorphosis
-must have aquatic larval & terrestrial adult forms
-external fertilization
-water needed to reproduce
Order:Urodeles
-"tailed ones"
-some are terrestrial others aquatic
ex:)salamandars
Order:Apodans
-also called caeilians-"legless ones"
-legless
-nearly blind
-inhabit tropical areas (most live in burrows in moist
forest soil)
-Some live in fresh water ponds & streams
Order:Anurans
-"tail less ones"
-More specialized than urodeles
-Powerful hind legs
-exhibit color pattern camouflage
-skin secrete distasteful,/posoinous,mucus
Phylum:Reptilia
-dry skin
-body covered w/ scales
-breathe through lungs
-most have four limbs
-internal fertilization
-amniotic eggs w/ leathery shells
-ectoderms
Chelonia
-evolve from stem reptiles
-usually have a hard shells-protection
-lay eggs in shore
-ex:)turtles & tortoises
Squamata
-lizards are most numerous & diverse of grp
-relatively small
-cease activity during cold periods
-snakes are descendents of lizards that adapted burrow
life
-Most live above ground
-Limbless
-Lay egg
-most live on land except few that live in water
-Are carnivorous,hunting their prey
Crocodilia
-include crocodiles & alligators
-among largest lving reptiles
-spend most time in water
-brathe air through nostrils
-live in warm regions
-living reptiles most closely related to dinosaurs
-have gizzards
Phylum:Aves
-body coverd w/ feathers
-wings
-lungs w/ 1 way airflow
-4 chambered heart
-internal fetilization
-eggs covered w/ hard shell
-most species adapted for flight
-falconiformes-harpy eagles,hawks,vultures
-passeriformes-perching birds:sparrows,cardinals &
ravens
-casuariformes-emus & cassowaries
-podiciodiformes=grebes
-peciformes-keel-billed toucans,woodpeckers,barbets &
jacamars
-coniiformes-great blueherons,storks,ibis,flamingos,
& spoonbills
Phylum:Mammalia
-body usually cover w/ hair/fur
-4 chamber hearts
-highly developed brain
-internal fertilization
-young nourished by milk from the mother
-extended period of parental care in many species
-endothermic
-efficient respiratory syst. w/ a diaphragm to
ventilate lungs
-mammary glands that produce milk
-most born rather than hatched
-most capable of learning
teeth of animal come in various size & shape:
incisors,molars
-social Order Monotremes:
-reproduce by laying eggs(only living mammal that does
this)
-eggs are reptilian in structure & development
-shortly after fertilization,female lays 2-3 eggs
-incubated by heat of mothers' body
-nurses young
Order:Marsupials
-mammals that complete embryonic development in
maternal pouch-marsupium
-are protected & kept warm by mother's pouch
-ex:)opossums,kangaroos,& koalas
Placental:
-young develop & nourished inside mother's body until
birth
-placenta-organ where nutrients,oxygen,carbon dioxide,
& waste are exchanged between mother & embryo
-gestation-time that embryo stays inside mother
-gestation increases w/ size of animals
Rodentia-lrgest order,1,700 species:beavers,chipmunks,guineapigs,mice,porcupines,
rats, & squirrel-herbivores
Lagmorpha-include:hares,pikes,& rabbits herbivores,
differ from rodent's teeth
Chiroptera-2nd lrgest order,commonly called:bats,small,
nocturnal,ony mammals that can fly,live where climate
warm to sustain trees.Migrate to warm
areas.Variety:insect-eating,fruit-eating,carnivorous
bats
Carnivora-strictly meat eating mammals,except pandas
(eat bamboo),bears that eat roots,nuts,& barriers
other than meat. Have pair of long sharp teeth,strong
jaws,clawed toes,strongest & smartest, include: lions,
tigers,wolves
Pinnipeds-carnivores of animals adapted to aquatic
life,have limbs for swimming,streamline bodies & thick
layer of fat to insulate from icy waters. Return to
land to reproduce includ: seals,sea lions
Cetaceans-Torpedo shape bodies,long pointed
head,broad,flat,horizontal tail & flipper-forelimbs
for swimming.No hind limbs/gills.Can't move on
landCompletely aquatic,must come up for air.Reproduce
in water include: manatees & dugongs
-Sirenia-aquatic animals. lrg slow-moving barrel-shape
bodies w/ flipperlike limbs,no limbs,a falt horizontal
tail.Come to surface for air.include:manatees & dugongs
-Insectivora-insect eating mammals.high metabolic rate
& sharp claws.include: moles, shrews & hedghogs.
-Ugulates-hoofed mammals.herbivorous grazing,flat
teeth,Some have specialize digestive tract
Artiodactyla-even nuber toes include:pig,camel,deer,
cow,sheep
Perissodactyla-odd number toes,include:horse,zebra
Proboscidea-2 species,african & indian elephants-<
lrg,massive bodies, large head, braod flat ears,
short neck,thick skin, w/ hair.trunk transfers food
& water to mouth & makes loud trumplet noises.
Herbivores
Primates-include:human,ape,lemur,monkey & prosimians.
-have opposable thumb,lrg eyes(face forward,
omnivores,lrg brains.Live in social grp & tropical &
subtropical areas.
-Edenta-reduce/ no teeth include:sloths,anteaters
Kingdom:Animalia| Back to main page|
