| 1. | Fungus |
Organism made
of eukaryotic cells with cell walls that gets its food by absorbing organic
substances
|
-eukaryotic heterotrophs -saprophytes
|
| 2. | Decomposer |
Organism that
breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic material
|
-with bacteria major decomposers |
| 3. | Mycelium |
Thick mass of
tangled filaments that make up the body of a fungus
|
-yeast does not have mycelium
-large tangle of hyphae |
| 4. | Hypha | Branching filament that makes up a fungus | -plural hyphae -in most fungi divided by cross walls into cells containing more than 1 nuclei -cell walls are made of chitin (insect exoskeleton) -some others made of cellulose |
| 5. | Sporangium | Structure in ferns, some protists, and some fungi that contains spores | -plural: sporangia
-produces (sometimes flagellated) spores |
| 6. | Sporangiophore | Specialized hyphae that have sporangia at the top | -sporangia found at top |
| 7. | Gametangium | Gamete-forming structure produced when the hyphae of opposing mating types of fungi meet | -two mating types
+ and Ð -when meet form gametangium -gametangia fuse, some nuclei join form zygote nuclei |
| 8. | Zygospore | In fungi, thick-walled zygote formed during sexual reproduction zygomycetes; in green algae, diploid cells resulting from conjugation | -produced in zygomycetes
-hyphae of zygomycetes lack cross walls -zygomycetes known as common molds |
| 9. | Rhizoid | In fungi, small branching hypha growing downward from the stolons that anchors the fungus, releases digestive enzymes, and absorbs digested organic material; in bryophytes, root-like structure that anchors the plant to the ground | -in zygomycetes
-anchor fungus to bread -release digestive enzymes, absorb digested organic matter |
| 10. | Stolon | Stem-like hypha that grows parallel to a fungus's growth medium | -other hyphae in
zygomycete -run along surface of bread |
| 11. | Conidiophore | Specialized hypha that produces asexual spores in ascomycetes | -specialized hyphae
-produce conidia |
| 12. | Conidium | Asexual spore produced in an ascomycete | -comes from greek word "dust" |
| 13. | Ascus | Tiny sac in which fungal spores develop for sexual reproduction in ascomycetes | -tiny sac for ascospores -produced in ascomycetes -largest phylum of fungus -phylum contains yeast |
| 14. | Ascospore | haploid spore produced within the ascus of ascomycetes | -grow inside ascus
-usually 8 or 16 bec. Mitosis |
| 15. | Basidium | Specialized reproductive structure in basidiomycetes | -produced in basidiomycetes
-in mushrooms found in cap -basidiomycetes most elaborate life cycle |
| 16. | Basidiospore | Spore in basidiomycetes that germinates to produce haploid primary mycelia | -germinates to produce
haploid primary mycelia -secondary mycelia with + and Ð nuclei forms |
| 4. | Lichen |
Symbiotic partnership
between a fungus and a photosynthetic organism
|
-formed between
fungus and cyanobacteria or green alga -alga does photosynthesis (nutrients), fungus provides water and minerals -first to grow in barren environments -help in early stages of soil development |
| 5. | Mycorrhiza |
Symbiotic relationship
between a fungus and the roots of a green plant
|
-fungi and
green plant
-hyphae cover roots increasing surface area -hyphae aid in water, minerals, nutrients -plants give products of photosynthesis -example involves orchids |
