| 1. | Protista |
Kingdom that
includes all single-celled eukaryotic organisms
|
-comes from word meaning first |
| 2. | Protist |
Unicellular
eukaryotic organism belonging to the kingdom protist
|
-many are solitary |
| 3. | Endosymbiont Hypothesis |
Theory proposed
by Lynn Margulis that states that the first eukaryotic cell formed from
a symbiosis among several prokaryotes
|
-prokaryotes lived within another
moneran |
| 4. | Ciliophora |
Phylum containing
solitary and colonial ciliates
|
|
| 5. | Ciliate |
Protist that
has many hair-like structures that aid in movement; belongs to the phylum
Ciliophora
|
-either solitary
or colonial
|
| 6. | Cilium |
Short hair-like
projection that produces movement in many cells
|
-structure
consists of microtube
-like structures -beating of cilia like oars in a boat -found in fresh and salt water -well studied form is paramecium |
| 7. | Paramecium |
Unicellular
slipper-shaped ciliate protist
|
-up to 350
micrometers in length -reproduces asexually but may use conjugation
-macronuclei disintegrate, diploid micronuclei do meiosis -4 haploid micronuclei, 3 disintegrate -1 divides, pair exchange one set -fuse together, diploid, new macronucleus forms |
| 8. | Pellicle |
Complex living
outer layer of certain protists
|
-folded in
repeating pattern
-trichocysts embedded in pellicle |
| 9. | Trichocyst |
Flask-shaped
structure in the pellicles of some protists used to defend and anchor
the organism
|
-used for
defense
-tiny flask-shaped structures -when confronted, discharge -injure nearby cells and cover paramecium with protective bristles |
| 10. | Macronucleus |
Larger of two
types of nuclei in ciliates, which controls the life process of the cell
|
-during sexual
reproduction disintegrates
|
| 11. | Micronucleus |
Small nucleus
in ciliates that undergoes meiosis and mitosis during conjugation and
contains more genes than the macronucleus
|
-diploid
-undergoes meiosis and mitosis |
| 12. | Gullet | indentation on one side of a paramecium that brings food from the outside to the interior of the cell |
-pieces of
food get trapped (ex bacteria) -forced into food vacuoles
|
| 13. | Food Vacuole |
Membrane-enclosed
cavity in protists in which food is digested
|
-form at base
of gullet
-break off into cytoplasm -fuse with lysosomes (digestive enzymes) -food is digested and organism gets nourishment |
| 14. | Anal Pore |
Structure in
paramecia and certain other protists through which waste materials are
emptied into the environment
|
-when food
vacuole fuses with, waste emptied into environment
|
| 15. | Contractile Vacuole |
Structure in
some protists that collects water and discharges it from the cell
|
-excess water
moves into cell bec. Osmosis
-arranged in star -shape formation -contracts to pump out water |
| 16. | Zoomastigina |
Phylum consisting
of animal-like protists that move through the water by means of flagella
|
-animal-like
protists that move with flagella
-absorb food through cell membranes -reproduce by binary fission or sexual cycle |
| 17. | Flagellum |
Long, whip-like
projection that aids in movement in some cells
|
-internal
structure identical to cilia
|
| 18. | Flagellate |
Organism that
has a tail-like structures that aid in movement
|
-zoomastiginans
nickname
-also used for plant-like and ameba with flagella |
| 19. | Sporozoa |
Phylum containing
non-motile parasitic protists
|
-non-motile |
| 20. | Sarcodina | Phylum that contains protists that use pseudopods to move and feed |
-contains protists with pseudopods -comes from word meaning "jelly" -contains ameba, heliozoans and radiolarians |
| 21. | Pseudopod | Finger-like projection of cytoplasm used for movement and feeding |
-means false
foot
-some round and broad but some thin strandlike or weblike |
|
22.
|
Ameba |
Flexible active
cell without cell walls, flagellum or cilia that moves by means of pseudopods,
reproduces by binary fission, and belongs to the phylum Sarcodina
|
-move by pseudopods
-surrounds food and absorbs into cell |
|
23. |
Euglenophyta |
Phylum that
contains plant-like protists that move by means of flagella and have chloroplasts
|
-Euglenophyta closely
related to Zoomastiginian -euglenophyta has chloroplasts |
| 24. | Euglena | Cell belonging to the phylum Euglenophyta that contains chlorophyll and has a pouch that contains two flagella at its front end |
-can move by
flagella or crawl "euglenoid movement" |
| 25. | Pyrrophyta | Phylum containing protists known as dinoflagellates |
-also known
as dinoflagellates
-means "fire plants" |
| 26. | Dinoflagellate | Protist belonging to the phylum Pyrrophyta that typically is photosynthetic moves by means of two flagella, and reproduces by binary fission |
-means two
flagella
-most photosynthetic but some heterotrophs -reproduce asexually by binary fission -many are luminescent -do not have histones |
| 27. | Chrysophyta | Phylum containing yellow-green algae, golden-brown algae, and diatoms |
-means golden
plants
-cell walls contain pectin instead of cellulose -reproduce sexually and asexually -some live within cell walls of glass |
| 28. | Diatom | Photosynthetic cell belonging to the phylum Chrysophyta that produces intricate cell walls rich in silicon |
-produce cell
walls rich in silicon
-photosynthetic and among most abundant species in ocean |
| 29. | Slime Mold | Protist that is ameba-like at one stage of its life and at other stages produces mold-like masses that give rise to spores |
-found near
rotting wood, piles compost, wet lawns
-difficult to classify -produce mold-like masses that produce spores |
| 30. | Acrasiomycota | Phylum containing cellular slime molds |
-begin as
individual cells look like ameba
-when food source exhausted group together function as single organism -mass of cells may migrate -produce fruiting body produce spores to repeat cycle |
| 31. | Myxomycota | Phylum containing acellular slime molds | -start out same
as cellular slime molds -produce plasmodium -fruiting bodies produce haploid cells by meiosis -produce spores, become flagellated cells |
| 32. | Plasmodium | Mass of cytoplasm that contains many nuclei, such as the structure produced by acellular slime molds that contains thousands of nuclei enclosed in a single cell membrane |
-different
from cellular bec. Multinucleate cell
|
| 33. | Bloom | Enormous growth of algae, protists and other organisms that results if too much waste is present in a body of water |
-may be harmful
when die produce toxins
-dinoflagellates cause red tide |
| 34. | Phytoplankton | Any small photosynthetic organism found in great numbers near the surface of the ocean |
-plant-like
protists make up large part of phytoplankton
-more than 70% of photosynthesis by phytoplankton -provide source of nourishment to animals |
