Unit 7 Sample Test Atoms Elements, Isotopes and Ions

1. Atoms are composed of

a. Protons

b. Neutrons

c. Electrons

d. All of the Above

2. A proton has a

a. a charge of +1 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm.

b. a charge of 0 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm. (about the same as a proton).

c. a charge of -1 and a rest mass of 9.11 x 10-28 gm. (much, much less than a proton).

d. All of the Above

3. An electron has

a. a charge of +1 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm.

b. a charge of 0 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm. (about the same as a proton).

c. a charge of -1 and a rest mass of 9.11 x 10-28 gm. (much, much less than a proton).

d. All of the Above

4. A neutron has

a. a charge of +1 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm.

b. a charge of 0 and a rest mass of 1.67 x 10-24 gm. (about the same as a proton).

c. a charge of -1 and a rest mass of 9.11 x 10-28 gm. (much, much less than a proton).

d. All of the Above

5. Choose the correct statement from the following

a. The electron mass is negligible relative to protons and neutrons.

b. The protons and neutrons are bound into the nucleus

c. electrons form complex orbitals about the nucleus.

d. All of the Above

6. The number of protons in the nucleus

a. Determines the chemical properties of an element

b. is known as the atomic number of the element.

c. range from 1 (hydrogen) to 92 for uranium.

d. All of the Above

7. The number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is known as

a. the mass number of the atom

b. is known as the atomic number of the element.

c. range from 1 (hydrogen) to 92 for uranium.

d. All of the Above

8. Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers are known as

a. isotopes

b. mass numbers

c. very energetic

d. none of the above

9. If an atom has the same number of electrons as protons, it is

a. an ion.

b. a neutral atom.

c. an anion.

d. a cation.

10. If an atom has a net charge, (more or less electrons than protons) it is

a. an ion.

b. a neutral atom.

c. an anion.

d. a cation.

11. If it has more electrons than protons it has a net negative charge and is known as

a. an ion.

b. a neutral atom.

c. an anion.

d. a cation.

12. If it has fewer electrons than protons it has a net positive charge and is known as

a. an ion.

b. a neutral atom.

c. an anion.

d. a cation.

13. True or False. The elements H, He, and minor amounts of Li were formed in the original Big Bang. All heavier elements were formed form the primordial H and He by nuclear fusion reactions in stars.

Minerals and Rocks

14. A naturally occurring homogeneous solid of definite chemical composition and ordered atomic arrangement, usually formed by inorganic processes.

a. a mixture

b. a mineral

c. a solution

d. a precipatate

15. How many mineral species have been described?

a. less than 50

b. more than 100

c. more than 5000

d. more than 10 million

16. How many new minerals are described every year?

a. less than 50

b. more than 100

c. more than 5000

d. more than 10 million

17. A given compound like SiO2 may occur as different crystalline forms. If the crystalline structures of the two forms are different, they are said to be

a. isotopes

b. polymorphs

c. subducts

d. reconstructs

18. Graphite and diamond are polymorphs of

a. carbon.

b. FeS2.

c. Na (sodium)

d. K (potassium)

19. chemical elements that have similar chemical properties may substitute for one another in a given crystal structure so that the same structure may occur with different compositions. This is called

a. isotopes

b. polymorphs

c. subducts

d. isomorphism.

20. This is the reflectivity of a mineral: metallic or non-metallic

a. Hardness

b. Luster

c. Color

d. Cleavage and Faces

21. This is the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

a. Hardness

b. Luster

c. Color

d. Cleavage and Faces

22. This is the external form or shape of crystals which may be the result of fracture or of growth.

a. Hardness

b. Luster

c. Color

d. Cleavage and Faces

23. This is simply the color of a mineral in hand specimen

a. Hardness

b. Luster

c. Color

d. Cleavage and Faces

24. A rock is an aggregate of minerals. Rocks can be formed by many different processes. Some are formed from melts.

a. Hydrothermal

b. Igneous

c. Sedimentary

d. Metamorphic

25. Rocks can be formed by many different processes. Some are formed by solidifying sediments like sand or clay.

a. Hydrothermal

b. Igneous

c. Sedimentary

d. Metamorphic

26. Rocks can be formed by many different processes. Some are formed by re-crystallizing previously formed rocks in the solid state.

a. Hydrothermal

b. Igneous

c. Sedimentary

d. Metamorphic

27. Rocks can be formed by many different processes. Some are formed by crystallization from hot aqueous fluids.

a. Hydrothermal

b. Igneous

c. Sedimentary

d. Metamorphic

28. True or False. Rocks that are formed by crystallization of a melt are igneous. These may be formed at depth (intrusive or plutonic), or they may form on the surface (extrusive or volcanic).

28. True or False. In general, igneous rocks that cool rapidly (i.e volcanic rocks) are very coarse-grained; whereas rocks that cool slowly (i.e. plutonic rocks) are fine-grained.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

29. The term for any molten silicate material, whether below the surface or on top.

a. Magma

b. Igneous

c. Intrusive

d. Extrusive

30. A small tabular (planar) discordant igneous body.

a. stock

b. dike

c. batholith

d. sill

31. A small tabular concordant igneous body

a. stock

b. dike

c. batholith

d. sill

32. A stock is a small (<2) exposed body of igneous rock that crystallized at considerable depth (>2 km).

a. stock

b. dike

c. batholith

d. sill

33. A large (>>100km2) exposed body of igneous rock that crystallized at considerable depth (>2 km).

a. stock

b. dike

c. batholith

d. sill