Material From Original Gov't Discussion Paper
[ Intro to Direct Access of Cattle to surface water as a concern from original discussion papersource#1, "Common Concerns" section p. 3-4 ]Free ranging livestock with direct and unrestricted access to surface waters may affect water quality. Livestock can trample shorelines during watering or lounging, thereby destabilizing banks, increasing erosion, decreasing water clarity and filling the channel with silt. Free access also allows livestock to release manure and urine directly into the surface water or onto the stream bank, from which it may run off during the next rain.
Historically, livestock producers selected sites next to streams and lakes because of the assured water supply and the protection offered by surrounding trees and valleys. Today, most producers have re-established their livestock housing and manure storage facilities at locations well back from streams and lakes. However, it is impractical to fence off most of the riparian zones in Manitoba’s vast pasturelands.
Free ranging livestock tend to be healthier and more productive when they are provided with off-site watering. Where direct access is necessary, access points should be limited in size and number as well as protected with stones to reduce erosion damage.
The Livestock Manure and Mortalities Management Regulation prohibits direct access from confined areas that hold more than 10 animal units of livestock. Direct access by livestock on rangeland is not prohibited. (For further detail, see "Manitoba Regulations and Guidelines.")
End Quote
Material From "Common Ground" Government Report
Other Material and References