*** Newly Released ***

A DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION
OF THE EMOTIONS:
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A THREE-DIGIT CODING SYSTEM
FOR AFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ( DCE - I )

John E. LaMuth Editor-in Chief

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This newly released reference work is defined as a 3-digit coding system in the vein of the DSM-IV and ICD-10 series intended as an adjunct reference source.
A basic outline of this coding system is (superimposed) upon the master diagram of emotional categories depicted immediately below. Here, each of these basic categories is further subdivided into numerous subclassifications, resulting in a master 1,040 part system of individual terms (as classified within the 3-digit coding system).

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The remainder of this book description is specialized into the following logical order of features that fully outline the potential advantages of this newly released book:

1. -- An introductory excerpt describing the major theoretical foundations for the DCE - I.

2. -- The master list of individual terms presented in ascending numerical order.

3. -- An abbreviated introductory excerpt describing the formal dynamics of the 3-digit coding system.

4. ---- The master chapter outline (#'s 1 to 41).

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3. ---THE THEORETICAL BACKGROUND FOR THE DCE - I

An Expanded Narrative Excerpt from the Introductory Chapter One of DCE - I

The role of the emotions has figured prominently in virtually every form of human endeavor. Indeed, there appears little in the way of human understanding that is not directly influenced by such affective/motivational issues. As they are traditionally defined, the emotions are formally restricted to six-plus basic categories; namely, happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, and disgust. This select grouping of terms is further documented through respective sets of facial expressions (Eckman 1992): with each emotion defined in terms of the interplay of distinctive sets of facial muscles. Although this emphasis on scientific measurement offers crucial insights into the understanding of the more basic emotions, this essentially limited system of classification can further be extended to the more abstract social realm representative of the higher human emotions.

The traditional domain of ethics and philosophy plays a crucial role at this juncture, as celebrated in the revered groupings of the virtues, values, and ideals: further indicative of the group, spiritual, and humanitarian levels within the social hierarchy. Accordingly, these revered philosophical constructs encompass a much larger spectrum of human emotions than previously described, as recently announced with respect to the new science of Powerplay Politics. According to this innovative new system, a master ethical hierarchy (with emotional overtones) has recently been devised, containing over one thousand individual terms: including the virtues/values, vices of excess, vices of defect, and hyperviolence. Affiliated applications extend to humor/comedy, the realm of criminality, as well as the communicational factors underlying mental illness. In acknowledgement of this rather broad range of individual terms, it ultimately proves crucial to devise some systematic form of numerical coding system for formally classifying this emerging terminology, analogous to that already employed in related fields of inquiry.

A modest number of diagnostic systems of classification have initially been devised for dealing with the complexities associated with the emotions. The majority of these, however, have focused upon the darker aspects of emotionality, a feature of particular interest to intervention by a variety of social institutions. The ICD-10 represents the most prominent manual in this regard, focusing upon the actuarial frequencies of death and disease: as its unabridged original title - The International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death - clearly seems to suggest. An offshoot of the ICD series is the DSM sequence of manuals, the latest of these released as DSM-IV. The DSM series (an abbreviation for - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) focuses upon the diagnosis of mental illness, adopting much of the same numerical coding system of the ICD-10 (with some minor modifications). The ICD-10 further deals with a number of related aspects of the emotions; most notably, the identification of criminality/violence as causes of injury or death (the so-called capital crimes). Beyond these more sensationalistic aspects of the emotions, there appears little left in the way of targeting the more positive aspects of the field, as suggested in the related classifications of virtues, values, and ideals. Some serious considerations have recently been proposed in this area, most notably the Values in Action Initiative championed by American psychologist, Dr. Martin Seligman. Indeed, a broad coalition of researchers is currently working towards the release of the Values in Action (VIA) Classification of Strengths Manual, an innovation that extensively focuses upon such positive issues, aiming to counterbalance the inordinate focus on criminality and mental illness in the field of psychology.

Each of the preceding specialized manuals, however, suffers from one basic shortcoming: namely, focusing upon one narrow aspect of the human emotions, to the detriment of the broader picture. It is here that the newly devised science of Powerplay Politics rightfully enters the picture, extending the most promise for such a fully integrated system.

The distinctive groupings of virtues, values, and ideals (highlighted within this system) all appear linked on an intuitive level, suggesting a clear sense of overall cohesiveness. When the virtuous realm is further contrasted with the parallel realm of the vices (in all of its various manifestations), the resultant master hierarchy expands to a grand total of 1,040 individual terms, the complete breakdown of which now will be described.

THE VIRTUES, VALUES, AND IDEALS

The key insight behind this innovation arises as a direct consequence of the fledgling science of Communications Theory, borrowing the crucial concept of the metaperspective, a higher-order perspective upon the viewpoint held by another: schematically defined as "this is how I see you-seeing me." According to this new format, the higher virtues and values build as extended subsets within this hierarchy of metaperspectives, each more abstract listing building upon that which it supersedes.

Take, for example, the cardinal virtues (prudence-justice-temperance-fortitude), the theological virtues (faith-hope-charity-decency), and the classical Greek values (beauty-truth-goodness-wisdom). Each of these traditional ethical groupings is further subdivided into a complex of four subordinate terms, allowing for a precise (point-for-point) stacking within the hierarchy of metaperspectives. When additional groupings of ethical terms are further included within the mix: namely, the civil liberties (providence-liberty-civility-austerity), the humanistic values (peace-love-tranquility-equality), the mystical values (ecstasy-bliss-joy-harmony), amongst others: the complete ten level hierarchy of metaperspectives emerges in full detail, partially reproduced in the table below:

GLORY------PRUDENCE
PROVIDENCE-----FAITH
GRACE------------BEAUTY
TRANQUILITY--ECSTASY

HONOR-------JUSTICE
LIBERTY-------HOPE
FREE WILL---TRUTH
EQUALITY----BLISS

DIGNITY--TEMPERANCE
CIVILITY-----------CHARITY
MAGNANIMITY-GOODNESS
LOVE-----------------------JOY

INTEGRITY--FORTITUDE
AUSTERITY-----DECENCY
EQUANIMITY---WISDOM
PEACE---------HARMONY

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This cohesive hierarchy of virtues, values, and ideals proves exceedingly comprehensive in scope, accounting for virtually every major ethical term celebrated within the Western ethical tradition. Indeed, it is particularly easy to gain a sense of the trend towards increasing abstraction when scanning each of the individually depicted columns from top to bottom. These traditional four-part groupings line up perfectly within this hierarchy of metaperspectives, making it exceedingly unlikely that such a cohesive system could have arisen solely by chance. Indeed, this ethical hierarchy mirrors the ascending specialization of personal, group, spiritual, humanitarian, and transcendental realms within human society in general: that when further specialized into both authority and follower roles accounts for the complete ten-level hierarchy of ethical terms.

THE VICES OF DEFECT

Although this strict emphasis on the virtues is certainly a major selling point, these virtuous ideals can scarcely be considered solely in a vacuum. Indeed, the truest potential of such an ethical system derives precisely from such a moral contrast with the corresponding realm of the vices. This latter innovation concerns the more realistic task of describing the virtuous ideals in a more real-life situation, where virtue and vice typically exist in concert with one another. Indeed, for every virtue there necessarily exists a corresponding antonym (or vice): e.g., love vs. hate, peace vs. war, etc. In keeping with this basic theme, each of the ten predicted classes of vice is further arrayed in a parallel ten-level hierarchy, identical in every respect to the arrangement previously described for the virtuous mode.

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Infamy - Insurgency............Dishonor - Vengeance
Prodigality - Betrayal..................Slavery - Despair
Wrath - Ugliness.....................Tyranny - Hypocrisy
Anger - Abomination.............Prejudice - Perdition

Foolishness - Gluttony..........Caprice - Cowardice
Vulgarity - Avarice...............Cruelty - Antagonism
Oppression - Evil................Persecution - Cunning
Hatred - Iniquity..............Belligerence - Turpitude

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This innovation further allows negative transactions to be analyzed according to their potential to be converted into positive ones, and vice versa. The ten resultant groupings of the vices: namely, the ecumenical vices (wrath-tyranny-persecution-oppression), the moralistic vices (evil-cunning-ugliness-hypocrisy), and the humanistic vices (anger-hatred-prejudice-belligerence) etc. prove particularly effective for outlining this darker realm of vices.

THE VICES OF EXCESS

This newly defined category of the vices of defect, however, can scarcely claim to be all-inclusive by any measure. In particular, only half of the traditional listing of the Seven Deadly Sins are directly accounted for in terms of defect: in that pride, envy, and covetousness defy incorporation into the original classifications of defect. Fortunately, this anomaly is ultimately explained in terms of an entirely new class of vices, referred to since ancient times as the vices of excess. In particular, Aristotle was the first to describe this dual system of the vices; namely, the vices of defect (initially described), as well as the vices of excess (defined as the range of extremes with respect to the virtues). In this latter respect, Aristotle viewed the virtuous realm as a system of mean values (or norms) interposed between the vices of defect and vices of excess.

For example, Aristotle cites the example of the virtue of courage, which represents the mean value between defect (cowardice) and its counterpart within the domain of excess (foolhardiness). Virtue, accordingly, represents the mean-value interposed between defect and excess, an aspect favoring moderation insofar as choosing the middle ground between the two extremes. Indeed, it ultimately proves feasible to devise an entire ten-level hierarchy for systematically defining the vices of excess, as further depicted in the table immediately below:

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Pride - Flattery ............................. Shame - Criticism
Vanity - Adulation ................. Humiliation - Ridicule
Conceit - Patronization .......... Mortification - Scorn
Pretention - Indulgence ............. Anguish - Mockery
Sanctimony - Sycophancy..... Tribulation - Cynicism

Impudence - Envy ..................... Insolence - Disdain
Arrogance - Jealousy ............... Audacity - Contempt
Impetuosity - Covetousness .... Rashness - Reproach
Presumption - Longing ............... Boldness - Chagrin
Smugness - Affectation ......... Harshness - Bitterness

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This format mirrors point-for-point the hierarchy previously defined for the virtues: directly highlighting themes of excess such as vanity, jealousy, shame, contempt, flattery, etc.

A REVISED "THEORY OF THE MEAN"

This three-way degree of specialization implied within the Theory of the Mean, however, fails to distinguish any parallel complement of extremes with respect to the vices of defect (as was previously specified within the virtuous realm). This glaring lack of an even sense of symmetry is formally remedied through the introduction of an entirely new class of ethical terms, a terminology provisionally termed the realm of "hyperviolence." This new category is formally distinguished from the more routine realm of the vices of defect primarily with respect to the extremes in which it is carried out. Herein lies the formal prototype for the realm of hyperviolence; namely, that range of excess targeting the vices of defect. The fact that Aristotle fails to distinguish this additional category of hyperviolence within his Theory of the Mean directly attests to the classical ideal of the warrior code, where victory is to be achieved at any cost. The terminology for specifying this extreme realm of hyperviolence scarcely enjoys the general-purpose nature of the other listings of vices. Accordingly, a corresponding listing of terms for hyperviolence is achieved by means of a prefix style of system with respect to the vices of defect (as further described in Part VII.

THE MASTER FOUR-PART SCHEMATIC LINKING VIRTUE/VICE

In summary, through the formal addition of the remaining realm of hyperviolence, the supreme symmetry of the ethical hierarchy finally becomes conceptually complete. These four basic categories (the major virtues, vices of defect, vices of excess, and hyperviolence) are collectively incorporated into a unified ethical system, accounting for a complete cross section of emotionally-charged language in general; as depicted in terms in the master diagram depicted immediately below:

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+ + VICES OF EXCESS
(Excessive Virtue)

+ MAJOR VIRTUES
(Virtuous Mode)

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O ...... NEUTRALITY STATUS

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– VICES OF DEFECT
(Absence of virtue)

– – HYPERVIOLENCE
(Excessive Defect)

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This formal diagram is schematically organized around the novel concept of the "neutrality status," representing a neutral point of entry within the ethical system: a default status from which all new relationships are initially established. This neutrality status is formally defined as the benign sense of neglect we express towards strangers on the street, contacts that pose no meaningful sense of relationship, yet similarly fail to present any impending sense of threat.

Every new relationship (by definition) stems directly from this zone of neutrality, an innovation proceeding either into the realm of the virtues, or contrarily into the realm of the vices of defect. This ethical divergence is schematically depicted as the dual arrangement of categories immediately flanking the zone of neutrality status. This conflicting pair of options represents an ethical "fork in the road" (so to speak), a decision focusing the relationship towards the virtuous realm, or contrarily, to the darker realm of the vices of defect. These two basic options represent the formal "core nucleus" within the system, with most relationships resolved through recourse to either option (the basic thoroughfare of the system).

This dual interpretation, in turn, can scarcely claim to be the total picture, for the additional realm of excess extends along the fringe boundary of the core nucleus. For the virtuous realm, this corresponds to the respective realm of the vices of excess. Similarly, the parallel option with respect to defect is alternately specified as the newly defined realm of hyperviolence. These two additional categories represent the figurative "fast lanes" of the relationship superhighway; namely, fringe areas exaggerated to the point of crossing over into the formal realm of excess. Fortunately, such forays into excess are typically somewhat rare, being that the enduring sense of stability within the social dynamic serves to dampen the effects of such drastic mood swings.

THE TRANSITIONAL POWER MANEUVERS

This basic four-part hierarchy of virtue vs. vice ultimately suffers from one basic shortcoming; namely, the respective authority and follower roles are rigidly fixed into place, allowing for precious little flexibility to operate within the system. Versatility certainly is a key factor in our modern culture, with continually shifting social coalitions placing an ever-greater demand upon the individual. Each new adjustment within the social hierarchy calls for additional mechanisms for integrating such new relationships, an innovation that the established groupings of virtues/vices fully fail to take into account. In addition to the incremental pattern of maneuvering for power initially described, a more direct avenue must necessarily exist for leapfrogging directly into the higher authority levels; in particular, the group, spiritual, and humanitarian levels, respectively. This new class of options is formally termed the transitional class of power maneuvers, in that they "transition" the individual directly into new social contexts.

A number of key factors distinguish this new class of transitional power maneuvers, allowing for an enhanced degree of versatility by way of discrete transitional points across the entire ten-level span of the power hierarchy. These transitions represent direct motivational analogs of the main power maneuvers they serve to imitate, often in an exaggerated fashion in order to make the point more clearly. This flair for the dramatic can be either humorous (as in the realm of comedy), or tragic (as in the genre of melodrama). The first scenario is the stock-in-trade for the standard "situation comedy," where a guest star intrudes upon the graces of the ensemble cast - typically with hilarious consequences. A similar pattern further holds true with respect to the more serious realm of the melodrama, as evident in the genre of the daytime soap opera. This transitional form of power maneuver (as its name implies) refers to a relationship initiated for the first time; namely, the individual aims to establish new inroads into a pre-existing social order. Indeed, the virtuous prerequisites of humor and comedy are fully explainable in terms of the transitional interplay linking both the double bind and counter double bind forms of power maneuvers.

According to this formal modification, the lesser virtues represent transitional variations with respect to the major virtuous realm. Indeed, the pervasive human fascination with humor and comedy is fully explainable in terms of this more versatile set of transitional maneuvers, accounting for many of the "lesser" virtues (such as loyalty, responsibility, humility, etc.) not directly accounted for in the major listings of terms.

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LOYALTY - HUMILITY....RESPONSIBILITY - INNOCENCE
FIDELITY - MAJESTY......................DUTY - VINDICATION
PIETY - MAGNIFICENCE...ALLEGIANCE - EXONERATION
FELICITY - GRANDEUR..RIGHTEOUSNESS - IMMACULATE.

DISCIPLINE - MODESTY......VIGILANCE - MEEKNESS
CHIVALRY - CHASTITY........COURAGE - OBEDIENCE
NOBILITY - PURITY...............VALOR - CONFORMITY
ZEAL - PERFECTION.................TRIUMPH - PACIFISM

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This extensive listing of lesser virtues, however, actually represents only one component of a much broader system of terms directly expanding upon the remaining categories comprising Aristotle's (modified) Theory of the Mean. These formally extend to the realm of criminality, hypercriminality, and the communicational factors underlying mental illness: as depicted in the right hand column of terms shown immediately adjacent the major categories of terms depicted immediately below).

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+ + VICES OF EXCESS ........ MENTAL ILLNESS
(Excessive Virtue) ............ (Transitional Excess)

+ MAJOR VIRTUES ........ LESSER VIRTUES
(Virtuous Mode) ............ (Transitional Virtue)

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O ...... NEUTRALITY STATUS

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– VICES OF DEFECT ........ CRIMINALITY
(Absence of virtue) ............ (Transitional Defect)

– – HYPERVIOLENCE ..... HYPERCRIMINALITY
(Excessive Defect) ... (Transitional Hyperviolence)

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In direct analogy to the four major categories, the transitional variations are similarly organized around the centralized zone of neutrality status - serving as direct transitional entry-points into the realm of the major categories. Accordingly, the various classifications of lesser virtues are depicted immediately adjacent to the main virtuous realm. Similarly, the realm of criminality is illustrated adjacent to the respective vices of defect. Furthermore, with respect to the realm of excess, hypercriminality is directly affiliated with hyperviolence, whereas the communicational factors underlying mental illness are further associated with the vices of excess. Indeed, the intimate dynamics underlying criminality/hypercriminality are fairly straightforward in function: representing transitional maneuvers with respect to the darker realm of defect. Criminality, accordingly, represents the ingrained tendency to initiate new relationships from a selfish or violent perspective, a contention that many a criminologist will undoubtedly attest to. A more detailed discussion of the terminology associated with criminality/hypercriminality clearly remains beyond the scope of this somewhat limited (introductory) chapter, although a formal version is specified in Chapters 37 through 39.

For sake of completeness, however, further mention must necessarily be made for the remaining transitional category of mental illness. In fitting analogy to the basic transitional format, mental illness is formally defined as the dual sequence of double-bind/counter double-bind maneuvers with respect to the vices of excess. Accordingly, each of the major categories of mental illness; namely, personality disorders, neuroses, mood disorders, and schizophrenia are fully explainable in terms of such a transitional interplay of terms. In keeping with its transitional association to excess (which is formally divorced from the domain of defect), mental illness remains fairly non-threatening in nature: as reflected in studies confirming the non-violent nature of the mentally ill in relation to the general population.

In final analysis, this grand-unified system of emotional categories represents an unprecedented contribution to the field of ethical inquiry, expanding Aristotle's enduring "Theory of the Mean" into an all-inclusive "theory of everything" of an emotional nature. At the risk of appearing overly simplistic, each of the eight master categories is further subdivided into additional groupings of individual terms. For instance, the major virtues are subdivided into 100 individual terms, whereas the lesser virtues are further specialized into 128 terms. When the six remaining ethical categories are further added into the mix, the grand total extends to a staggering 1,040 individual terms.

UNRESOLVED FACTORS OF THE THREE-DIGIT CODING SYSTEM

In summary, the complete VIII-part pattern of chapter organization (upon final evaluation) ultimately spells-out the particular merits and advantages of the three-digit coding system. Although three digits were sufficient to code the basic 1040-part complement of affective terms, this first edition of - A Diagnostic Classification of the Emotions (DCE - I) - necessarily remains a work in progress. Indeed, perhaps a greater number of synonyms (and variations thereof) have yet to be fully accounted for within the basic system. Indeed, an innovative study by Allport and Odbert (1936) clearly illustrates many of the basic limitations of the current system. As suggested in its title: Trait Names: A Psycho-Lexical Study, this team of researchers conducted an exhaustive survey of an unabridged English dictionary, identifying a grand total of 18,000+ words relating to character traits (a significant proportion targeting affective/emotional issues). This particular list actually served as a major reference source for the current 1,040-part system, a fitting tribute to its comprehensive focus. How the remaining 17,000+ individual terms ultimately fit within this initial system still remains to be determined. Through the addition of extra decimal places, however, some extra degree of accommodation might further be accomplished, as perhaps addressed in upcoming editions of the DCE series to follow. Additional details concerning these issues are more properly reserved for the final summary Chapter (# 42).

On a final note, it must necessarily be emphasized that the current system (by definition) is only truly applicable to an English-speaking language culture. Fortunately, the English language enjoys the somewhat dubious status as the "lingua franca" of the modern world, enhancing its inaugural status in what ultimately prove to become an international resource. Certainly, a number of other language traditions might surely benefit from such a cross-cultural version of the DCE - I, establishing the potential for a more global understanding with respect to the emotions. Indeed, the multitude of applications associated with this coding system virtually guarantees benefits with respect to all segments within the global community.

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2. --- MASTER INDEX of the 3-Digit Codes

THE MAJOR VIRTUES

110 - Nostalgia 111 - Guilt 112 - Desire 113 - Worry 114 - Poignance 115 - Culpability 116 - Passion 117 - Apprehension 118 - Individualism 119 - Quintessentialism 120 - Hero-worship 121 - Blame 122 - Approval 123 - Concern 124 - Adoration 125 - Censure 126 - Admiration 127 - Caring 128 - Pragmatism 129 - Expediency 130 - Glory 131 - Honor 132 - Dignity 133 - Integrity 134 - Exaltation 135 - Uprightness 136 - Respectfulness 137 - Probity 138 - Personalism 139 - Heroism 140 - Prudence 141 - Justice 142 - Temperance 143 - Fortitude 144 - Circumspection 145 - Equitableness 146 - Continence 147 - Bravery 148 - Utilitarianism 149 - Practicality 150 - Providence 151 - Liberty 152 - Civility 153 - Austerity 154 - Bountifulness 155 - Freedom 156 - Courtesy 157 - Forbearance 158 - Romanticism 159 - Charisma 160 - Faith 161 - Hope 162 - Charity 163 - Decency 164 - Devotion 165 - Fairness 166 - Kindness 167 - Scrupulousness 168 - Ecclesiasticism 169 - Dogmatism 170 - Grace 171 - Free-will 172 - Magnanimity 173 - Equanimity 174 - Blessings 175 - Conscientiousness 176 - Graciousness 177 - Patience 178 - Ecumenism 179 - Evangelism 180 - Beauty 181 - Truth 182 - Goodness 183 - Wisdom 184 - Charm 185 - Credence 186 - Benevolence 187 - Shrewdness 188 - Eclecticism 189 - Moralism 190 - Tranquility 191 - Equality 192 - Love 193 - Peace 194 - Serenity 195 - Brotherhood 196 - Affection 197 - Amity 198 - Humanism 199 - Altruism 100 - Ecstasy 101 - Bliss 102 - Joy 103 - Harmony 104 - Happiness 105 - Contentment 106 - Gladness 107 - Sympathy 108 - Mysticism 109 - Spiritualism

THE LESSER VIRTUES

210 - Self-Esteem 211 - Apology 212 - Congeniality 213 - Appeasement 220 - Loyalty 220.1 - Reverence 221 - Responsibility 221.1 - Clemency 222 - Discipline 222.1 - Concession 223 - Vigilance 223.1 - Sympathy 230 - Pomp 230.1 - Humility 231 - Rectitude 231.1 - Innocence 232 - Cordiality 232.1 - Modesty 233 - Vigilance 233.1 - Meekness 240 - Fidelity 240.1 - Veneration 241 - Duty 241.1 - Pardon 242 - Chivalry 242.1 - Indulgence 243 - Courage 243.1 - Compassion 250 - Sanctity 250.1 - Majesty 251 - Penitence 251.1 - Vindication 252 - Hospitality 252.1 - Chastity 253 - Accommodation 253.1 - Obedience 260 - Piety 260.1 - Homage 261 - Allegiance 261.1 - Absolution 262 - Nobility 262.1 - Patronization 263 - Valor 263.1 - Mercy 270 - Dominion 270.1 - Magnificence 271 - Contrition 271.1 - Exoneration 272 - Goodwill 272.1 - Purity 273 - Sacrifice 273.1 - Conformity 280 - Felicity 280.1 - Benediction 281 - Righteousness 281.1 - Deliverance 282 - Zeal 282.1 - Altruism 283 - Triumph 283.1 - Redemption 290.1 - Grandeur 291.1 - Immaculateness 292.1 - Perfection 293.1 - Pacifism

THE VICES OF EXCESS

300 - Sycophancy 301 - Cynicism 302 - Affectation 303 - Bitterness 310 - Pride 311 - Shame 312 - Impudence 313 - Insolence 320 - Flattery 321 - Criticism 322 - Envy 323 - Disdain 330 - Vanity 331 - Humiliation 332 - Arrogance 333 - Audacity 340 - Adulation 341 - Ridicule 342 - Jealousy 343 - Contempt 350 - Conceit 351 - Mortification 352 - Impetuosity 353 - Rashness 360 - Patronization 361 - Scorn 362 - Covetousness 363 - Reproach 370 - Pretentiousness 371 - Anguish 372 - Presumption 373 - Boldness 380 - Indulgence 381 - Mockery 382 - Longing 383 - Chagrin 390 - Sanctimony 391 - Tribulation 392 - Smugness 393 - Harshness

MENTAL ILLNESS

410 - Narcissistic Personality 411 - Borderline Personality 412 - Dependent Personality 413 - Avoidant Personality 420 - Histrionic Personality 420.1 - Obsession Neurosis 421 - Paranoid Personality 421.1 - Phobia Neurosis 422 - Passive/Aggressive Personality 422.1 - Compulsion Neurosis 423 - Schizoid Personality 423.1 - Anxiety Neurosis 430 - Confabulatory Euphoria 430.1 - Dissociative Hysteria 431 - Suspicious Depression 431.1 - Depersonalization Neurosis 432 - Pure Mania 432.1 - Conversion Hysteria 433 - Pure Melancholy 433.1 - Neuraesthenic Neurosis 440 - Happiness Psychosis 440.1 - Confabulatory Paraphrenia 441 - Anxiety Psychosis 441.1 - Fantastic Paraphrenia 442 - Manic/Dep. Disease 442.1 - Expansive Paraphrenia 443 - M./Depressive Disease 443.1 - Incoherent Paraphrenia 450 - Enthusiastic Euphoria 450.1 - Confabulatory-Affect-Laden Paraphrenia 451 - Self-Torturing Depression 451.1 - Fantastic-Affect/Laden Paraphrenia 452 - Unproductive Euphoria 452.1 - Manic-Affect-Laden Paraphrenia 453 - Harried Depression 453.1 - Confused-Affect/Laden Paraphrenia 460 - Excited Confusion Psychosis 460.1 - Proskinetic Catatonia 461 - Inhibited Confusion Psychosis 461.1 - Negativistic Catatonia 462 - Hyperkinetic Motility Psychosis 462.1 - Parakinetic Catatonia 463 - Akinetic Motility Psychosis 463.1 - Affected Catatonia 470 - Non-Participatory Euphoria 470.1 - Excited Cataphasia 471 - Non-Participatory Depression 471.1 - Inhibited Cataphasia 472 - Hypochondriacal Euphoria 472.1 - Hyperkinetic Periodic Catatonia 473 - Hypochondriacal Depression 473.1 - Akinetic Periodic Catatonia 480.1 - Silly Hebephrenia 481.1 - Insipid Hebephrenia 482.1 - Eccentric Hebephrenia 483.1 - Autistic Hebephrenia

THE VICES OF DEFECT

510 - Laziness 511 - Negligence 512 - Apathy 513 - Indifference 514 - Slothfulness 515 - Carelessness 516 - Dispassion 517 - Callousness 518 - Knavery 519 - Mischievousness 520 - Treachery 521 - Vindictiveness 522 - Spite 523 - Malice 524 - Mutiny 525 - Retaliation 526 - Grudgingness 527 - Malevolence 528 - Fraud 529 - Deception 530 - Infamy 531 - Dishonor 532 - Foolishness 533 - Capriciousness 534 - Notoriousness 535 - Ignominy 536 - Crassness 537 - Fickleness 538 - Villainy 539 - Notoriety 540 - Insurgency 541 - Vengeance 542 - Gluttony 543 - Cowardice 544 - Rebellion 545 - Retribution 546 - Lechery 547 - Pusillanimity 548 - Corruption 549 - Venality 550 - Prodigality 551 - Slavery 552 - Vulgarity 553 - Cruelty 554 - Scandal 555 - Bondage 556 - Rudeness 557 - Wantonness 558 - Profanity 559 - Scandalousness 560 - Betrayal 561 - Despair 562 - Avarice 563 - Antagonism 564 - Treason 565 - Desperation 566 - Greed 567 - Contentiousness 568 - Heresy 569 - Sanctimony 570 - Wrath 571 - Tyranny 572 - Oppression 573 - Persecution 574 - Disgracefulness 575 - Subjugation 576 - Brutality 577 - Torment 578 - Apostasy 579 - Fanaticism 580 - Ugliness 581 - Hypocrisy 582 - Evil 583 - Cunning 584 - Vileness 585 - Mendacity 586 - Wickedness 587 - Ruthlessness 588 - Anarchism 589 - Lawlessness 590 - Anger 591 - Prejudice 592 - Hatred 593 - Belligerence 594 - Fury 595 - Bigotry 596 - Meanness 597 - Atrocity 598 - Nihilism 599 - Alienation 500 - Abomination 501 - Perdition 502 - Iniquity 503 - Turpitude 504 - Abhorrence 505 - Pernicity 506 - Diabolism 507 - Depravity 508 - Diabolicalism 509 - Heathenism

600 to 899 - Not depicted due to space constraints.

(Criminality, Hypercriminality, and Hyperviolence)

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3. --- THE MASTER THREE-DIGIT CODING SYSTEM

In accordance with the master hierarchy of individual terms presented above, it ultimately proves crucial to devise an overall numerical system of classification. Indeed, there is very little of an emotional nature that cannot be classified within such a grand unified format. The highly cohesive nature of this system - as exemplified by its 1,040 individual terms - proves particularly amenable to coding within a 3-digit system of classification, analogous to that initially seen for the ICD-10 (and its offshoot, the DSM-IV). In accordance with its formal ten-level pattern of organization, this new decimal numbering system clearly surpasses its predecessors: in turn, serving in an adjunct role for specifying cross-links between these compatible terminologies.

The proposed numbering system is defined as a three-stage sequence of progressive exclusion, in that each successive digit proceeds to further narrow the field so that a final unique term (from the overall field of 1040) is ultimately specified.

The first digit within the sequence initially serves to designate the eight basic master categories of terms; namely, the major virtues, lesser virtues, vices of excess, etc. According to format, the major virtues are assigned the initial digit "1", enjoying the principal place of honor within the coding system. Furthermore, the lesser virtues are designated with numbers beginning with "2", whereas the vices of excess and mental illness are specified by digits "3" and "4," respectively. The remaining numbers "5" through "8" further shift the focus to the darker realm of the power hierarchy: with the vices of defect = 5, criminality = 6, hyperviolence = 7, and hypercriminality = 8. The remaining numbers "9" and "0" serve as catchall categories for terms not initially accounted for in the first eight digits, also allowing for room for expansion in case of further innovations to the system.

This initial specialization into categories 1 through 10 superficially conforms to that initially seen for ICD-10; although, in the latter case, the basic subdivisions were alternately designated using the Roman numerals I to XVII. Whereas (by definition) only ten first-place digits are available within a decimal system, the ICD categories are necessarily specified by fractional parts of a digit, a factor scarcely as tidy as the basic 1 to 9 system proposed for the DCE - I. This unavoidable overlap of digits (for the ICD series) is further carried over into the DSM sequence of manuals, which focuses exclusively on that category relating to mental illness: spanning numbers 290 to 319. In deference to this earlier ICD and DSM format, the eight basic categories for the DCE - I are similarly specified using Roman numerals; e.g., major virtues = I, lesser virtues = II, etc. This accessory Roman numeral designation, however, is employed purely for stylistic reasons, for the more crucial three-digit coding system relies exclusively on the more versatile Arabic numbering system.

With the preliminary first-digit assignment formally completed, the second digit in the sequence further narrows the focus, alternately specifying the ten basic authority levels within the power hierarchy. According to this additional format, 1 = personal authority, 2 = personal follower, 3 = group authority, and 4 = group representative. The spiritual level, in turn, targets digits 5/6, whereas numerals 7/8 define the humanitarian domain. At the highest end of the spectrum, 9 = transcendental authority, whereas the 10-spot represents the transcendental follower (represented by the second place "zero" digit). Indeed, placing the zero at the high end of the sequence permits a tidier pattern of organization, allowing the first level of the power hierarchy to equate with the digit in the one-spot, further allowing for a more uniform correspondence for the remaining levels within the power hierarchy. Furthermore, the uppermost (mystical) 10th-order level rarely becomes an issue during most practical matters, making the zero-spot most appropriate for placement at this highest level.

With the first two digits formally defined, it ultimately remains to describe the rules governing the final digit within the coding scheme. For instance, if the first digit is a "1" (the major virtues), and the second digit equals "4" (for group representative), then the range of possibilities is formally narrowed down to the single basic category of the cardinal virtues (prudence-justice-temperance-fortitude). Indeed, each of the major groupings of virtues, values, and ideals is directly specified in terms of such a two-digit combination. In terms of specifying the individual virtuous terms, the third and final digit directly comes into play. Returning to the previous example, 140 equals prudence, 141 = justice, 142 = temperance, and 143 = fortitude. Digits 4-to-7 (in the three-slot) further specify the accessory versions of the cardinal virtues, as ultimately specified in later chapters of this book. Accordingly, 144 = circumspection, 145 = equitableness, 146 = continence, and 147 = bravery. The final pairing of third-place digits (8 & 9) are ultimately reserved for specifying the general unifying themes; namely, (for the current example) the main theme of the "utilitarianism" and the accessory theme of "practicality."

In summary, this formal three-digit system of classification (when further extended to the remaining ethical categories within the power hierarchy) ultimately accounts for each of the 1,040 individual terms contained therein. Through this systematic three-stage process of specification, the identity of each individual term can further be deduced by simply examining its three-digit code, a definite advantage in lieu of the more arcane pattern of coding characterizing the ICD and DSM series of manuals.

As is usually the case, an exception to this three-digit rule necessarily exists; namely, that which applies to what are termed the transitional power maneuvers. This latter class of maneuvers is identified by "even" first-place digits; namely, the lesser virtues = 2, mental illness = 4, criminality = 6, and hypercriminality = 8. In terms of the three-digit format, the initial class of (double bind) transitional maneuvers is fully explainable in terms of the basic three-digit coding format. For example, loyalty is coded as 221, whereas responsibility equates to 222. A similar pattern, however, cannot be said to apply to the follow-up response; namely, the double bind form of countermaneuver. For instance (returning to the current examples), the preliminary "loyalty" maneuver of the personal follower is directly countered by the "humility" maneuver employed by the group authority. Similarly, the related sense of "responsibility," in turn, is counteracted by a thoroughly disqualified sense of "innocence," etc. This latter class of counter double bind maneuvers is necessarily distinguished through the addition of an extra decimal place. For instance, humility is specified as 230.1, whereas innocence equates with 231.1, etc. The specific nomenclature for precisely determining this extra decimal place is somewhat elaborate in scope, a topic best reserved for a corresponding later chapter. In terms of a basic overview, however, the basic versatility of the 3-digit coding system clearly remains without question. Indeed, the accompanying four-page table of terms offers a preliminary outline of the general coding format (with categories 6, 7, & 8 left out due to space concerns). Accordingly, the reader in is encouraged to refer back to this extensive listing of terms in reference throughout the remainder of this proposal.

.................

4. --- DESCRIPTION OF THE MASTER CHAPTER LAYOUT

In accordance with the considerable degree of detail contained within the numbering system, the 41 total individual chapters are further subdivided into eight master headings, formally utilizing Roman numerals. Accordingly, Part I is devoted exclusively to an examination of the virtuous realm, extending to the traditional groupings of virtues, values, and ideals (such as the cardinal virtues, theological virtues, the classical Greek values, etc.). Part I is further subdivided into nine supportive chapters: as indicative of the personal, group, spiritual, humanitarian, and transcendental levels within the power hierarchy (as well as certain accessory issues): as formally defined in terms of system numbers 100-199.

In Part II, Aristotle's enduring classifications of the vices of defect are further described, traditionally defined as a formal absence of virtue. This section contains seven chapters (13 to 19), directly reflecting the corresponding authority levels of the power hierarchy (encompassing system numbers 500 to 599).

These basic virtues/vices, in turn, are contrasted in Part III with respect to the affiliated groupings of the vices of excess: defined as the range of extremes with respect to the virtuous mode. Part III, accordingly, is subdivided into three further chapters, analogously reflecting the various authority levels within the power hierarchy (as well as affiliated accessory issues): encompassing system numbers 300 to 399.

Along similar lines, Part IV further describes the realm of hyperviolence, a newly devised ethical category mentioned earlier in this chapter. Indeed, as an entirely new category, this section necessarily remains a work in progress: reflecting the more limited complement of chapters (19 to 20), as formally outlined by system numbers 700 to 799.

This basic pattern of chapter organization is further altered in Part V with respect to the affiliated issue of the transitional power maneuvers: defined as transitional variations upon the major categories described in Parts I through IV. Accordingly, Part V is initially restricted to an examination of the lesser virtues; namely, transitions formally targeting the virtuous realm. Following a short introductory chapter (describing the general dynamics of the transitional maneuvers in general), Part V is further subdivided a grand total of four component chapters, describing the lesser virtues I and II (as well as a number of accessory issues): ultimately defined through system numbers 200-299.

With the completed description of the realm of the lesser vrtues, the following Part VI furthers the discussion of the transitional maneuvers with respect to the related classifications of criminality/hypercriminality (aspects clearly indicative of the darker realm of defect within the power hierarchy). This section is further subdivided into Chapters 26 to 27, examining the two basic categories in a more enhanced degree of detail: as specified through the number-codes 600 to 699 and 800 to 899, respectively.

Skipping ahead to Part VII introduces the related issue of transitions with respect to the vices of excess, a feature previously described as the communicational factors underlying the mysterious realm of mental illness. Indeed, this particular section represents perhaps the crowning achievement with respect to the new science of Powerplay Politics, being that such communicational factors have long remained an intellectual enigma. The current numbering system takes the first modest steps towards providing a systematic and comprehensive resolution for such issues. This section differs from all that have gone before in that the terminology is necessarily more specialized (in a clinical sense), in direct contrast to the more colloquial nature seen for the virtues, values, and vices. Accordingly, Part VI relies primarily upon terminologies developed within the mental-health field; in particular that contained within DSM-IV, as well as the terminology of psychosis devised by German researcher, Karl Leonhard.

The somewhat unfamiliar nature of this affiliated terminology necessitates a more comprehensive style of chapter layout, respectively subdivided into eight component chapters. These outline the basic clinical syndromes, as well as a generous cross section of supportive case studies. Accordingly, Chapter 28 provides a general introduction to mental illness, whereas Chapter 29 outlines the initial (personal) realm of the personality disorders and the neuroses. Chapter 30, in turn, provides a general overview of the realm of the psychoses, whereas 31 through 34 examine the formal categories of the mood disorders and schizophrenia. Chapter 35, in turn, is further dedicated to a detailed examination of the remaining forms of the personality disorders and neuroses, whereas Chapters 36 and 37 take a similar slant in relation to the affiliated forms of psychosis: ultimately rounding-out system numbers 400-499.

With the completed description of the three-digit numbering system (e.g., 100 to 899), the remaining section - Part VII - offers many intriguing practical applications with respect to this newly devised system. Perhaps the most relevant of these is outlined in Chapter 41 with respect to an ethical simulation of artificial intelligence, an innovation employing the three-digit coding system as an adjunct towards ease in programming. The systematic coding system permits extreme efficiency in programming (eliminating much of the associated redundancy): allowing for a precise determination of the motivational parameters at issue during a given verbal interaction.

Through an elaborate matching procedure, the precise motivational level of communication is accurately determined (defined as the passive-monitoring mode). This basic determination, in turn, serves as the basis for a response repertoire tailored to the computer,(the true AI simulation mode). Through the aid of such computer technology, the task of cataloguing the emotions would greatly be facilitated, ultimately permitting a master database of the great works of world literature - eminently searchable in terms of affective content.

Chapter 40 in turn, further spotlights the coding system in relation to the realm of mental illness (as initially described in Part VII). Indeed, the current coding system should ultimately prove a valuable adjunct to the existing editions of the DSM series, promoting further crucial insights into counseling psychotherapy and clinical diagnosis.
This chapter similarly targets remaining applications relating to the darker realm of the power hierarchy; namely, the disturbing realms of criminality/hypercriminality. Here the three-digit coding system proves extremely valuable in the field of criminal profiling: a discipline spotlighting the twisted dynamics driving the criminal mind (as well as avenues towards ameliorating such tendencies). With the increase in criminality/terrorism around the world, such an advanced coding system would certainly prove crucial towards mediating and diagnosing such troubling motives.

......................

Master Chapter Outline for the DCE - I

(Breakdown by Individual Chapters)

            TABLE of CONTENTS

            Preface ………………………………….………..………… 1
            
                PART I – The Major Virtues / Values - (100 - 199)

1. An Introduction to the Three-Digit Coding System                                                         
2. The Ten-Level Power Hierarchy                        
3. The Behavioral Foundations for the Virtuous Realm
4. The Group Power Realm                                    
5. The Spiritual Power Realm                                 
6.	The Humanitarian Power Realm                      
7.	The Transcendental Power Realm                    
8.	The Accessory Virtues, Values, and Ideals     
9.	The General Themes for the Virtues and Values   
             
                PART II – The Vices of Defect - (500 - 599)

10.      An Introduction to the Vices of Defect                           
11.     The Past-Directed Domain of Defect                   
12.     The Future-Directed Vices of Defect                   
13.     The Humanitarian Domain of Defect                   
14.     The Transcendental Realm of Defect                   
15.     The Accessory Counterparts for the Vices of Defect  

                PART III – The Realm of Excess - (300 - 399)

16.     An Introduction to the Vices of Excess                  
17.     The Past-Directed Realm of Excess                    
18.     The Future-Directed Realm of Excess                 

               PART IV – The Realm of Hyperviolence - (700 - 799)

19.     Hyperviolence: The Realm of Excessive Defect      
20.     The Accessory Realm of Excess                         

    

                 PART V – The Lesser Virtues - (210 - 299)

21.      An Introduction to the Transitional Power Maneuvers 
22.      The Past-Directed Realm of the Lesser Virtues (I)    
23.      The Future-Directed Realm of the Lesser Virtues (I) 
24.      The Past-Directed Lesser Virtues (II)                   
25.      The Future-Directed Lesser Virtues (II)               

 PART VI  –  Criminality and Hypercriminality

26.       An Introduction to Criminality - (600 - 699)            
27.       The Extremes for Hypercriminality - (800 - 899)     

                PART VII – Mental Illness - (410 – 499)

28.      The Communicational Factors for Mental Illness              
29.      The Personal Dynamics for Mental Illness (A)      
30.      A General Overview of the Psychoses                  
31.       The Past-Directed Realm of the Mood Disorders   
32.      The Future-Directed Realm of the Mood Disorders 
33.      The Past-Directed Realm of Systematic Schizophrenia 
34.       The Future-Directed Realm of Schizophrenia        
35.      The Classifications of Mental Illness – (Type B)    
36.      The Cycloid Forms of the Mood Disorders             
37.      The Unsystematic Forms of Schizophrenia            
38.      Applications to Clinical Diagnosis & Psychotherapy   

             PART VIII – An Overview of the 3-Digit Coding System

39. Modifications to the Three-Digit Coding System    
40. Global Perspectives for the Master Coding System   
41. Applications to Information Technology and AI      

             Index of the Virtues, Values, and Ideals              
             Index of the Vices of Defect / Excess                 
             Index of Classical Mythology                              
             Bibliographic Index                                         
 

A 
DIAGNOSTIC 
CLASSIFICATION

OF THE EMOTIONS:
.............

A THREE-DIGIT CODING SYSTEM

 FOR AFFECTIVE LANGUAGE ( DCE - I ) 
John E. LaMuth Editor-in Chief

Softcover (4-color, 7.44 in. X 9.69 in.)
448 pages, extensively illustrated
 ISBN# 1929649053
Published 2005
 Fairhaven Book Publishers
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Author Biography


John E. LaMuth is a 69 year-old counselor and author native to the Southern California area.  His credentials 
include a Baccalaureate Degree in Biological Sciences from University of California Irvine, followed by a 
Master's Degree in Counseling from California State University Fullerton: with an emphasis in Marriage, 
Family, and Child Counseling. John is currently engaged in Private Practice in Mediation Counseling 
in the Southern California area.
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