Notes


1 See further below for more discussion of the placement of the section on the Vosse Uprising.1
2 Togan, 1994, p. 36.2
3 Cf. Togan, op cit, pp. 36-37.3
4 Aini, 1966, p. 34. See also Togan, op cit, pp. 37-38. He places the Saray on the border between Shahr-i Sabz and Yekke-Bagh.4
5d'Encausse, 1988, p. 7.5
6 See the section on the Manghit rulers of Bukhara, further below.6
7 Cf,. d'Encausse, op cit, p. 14.7
8 See, Becker, 1968, pp. 7-10.8
9 Bazarov, et al., 1968, p. 6.9
10 Bazarov reports up to eighty types of taxes. 10
11 Mukhtarov, 1978, p. 27.11
12 Beneveni arrived in Bukhara via the Caucasus and Iran in 1721 and left for Khiva. He did not arrive in St. Petersburgh until after the death of Peter I in 1725. However, Beneveni was very familiar with life in Central Asia, especially with the relationship between the rulers and their subjects. His reports which were published later on are redolent with examples of bad rulership provided by the rulers of Bukhara and Khiva. For details, see Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia, vol. 1.12
13 Aini, 1966, pp. 7- 11; see also Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia, vol. 4 and Fitrat, 1991, p. 11.13
14 Aini, op cit, pp. 11-14.14
15 see Firtrat, 1991, p. 11.15
16 Aini, op cit, p. 14.16
17 Ibid., pp. 15-16.17
18 Allworth. 1990, p. 10.18
19 Ibid., p. 114.19
20 Ibid., p. 151.20
21 Ibid., p. 113.21
22 Ibid., p. 215.22
23 Ibid., p. 71.23
24 Aini, op cit, pp. 16-17.24
25 Ibid., pp. 18-19.25
26 Fitrat, 1991, p. 12.26
27 Aini, op cit, pp. 24-25. See also Sabirov, 1988, p. 352.27
28 Sabirov, 1988, p. 352.28
29 Allworth, op cit, pp. 108-9.29
30 Ibid., p. 110.30
31 Cf., Aini, op cit, p. 26.31
32 Allworth, op cit, p. 113; see also Fitrat, op cit, p. 12 for a somewhat different view.32
33 Danish, 1960, pp. 28-29.33
34 Aini, op cit, p. 28.34
35 Mukhtarov, 1992, p. 35.35
36 Sum, pronounced soom, as in room, is a unit of Tajik currency.36
37 Allworth, op cit, p. 13.37
38 Allworth, op cit, pp. 113-114. For Nasrulla's specific treatment of his subjects, see Fitrat, op cit, p. 13.38
39 Aini, op cit, pp. 31-34.39
40 On the subject of the Great Game, see Bradsher, 1983, pp. 9ff.40
41 Aini, op cit, pp. 131-133.41
42 See also, d'Encausse, op cit, pp. 37-38.42
43 For details, see Becker, 1968, pp. 89-92.43
44 Tilla is a Bukharan gold coin equivalent to eighteen tangas.44
45 Cf., Becker, op cit, pp. 40-41.45
46 For further detail, see Becker, op cit, pp. 46-47.46
47 Fitrat, op cit, p. 1447
48 See also, d'Encausse, op cit, p. 89.48
49 Allworth. op cit, p. 114.49
50 Ibid., p. 114.50
51 Encyclopedia of Soviet Tajikistan.51
52 As mentioned in the introductory remarks, the Vosse uprising is a major Tajik reaction to the oppression of the Uzbeks at the behest of the Russians. Since the uprising cannot be easily understood without an understanding of the burden of numerous heavey taxes placed on the shoulders of poor Tajik peasants, in what follows, there is a bit of digression from history. Those not interested in the Uprising may want to skip this section and proceed to the next, The History of the Manghit Amirs of Bukhara II.52
53 Guberniia is the Russian word for province.53
54 Cf., Pirumshaev, 1992, p. 11.54
55 Cf., Pirumshaev, op cit, pp. 11-12.55
56 Ibid., p. 13.56
57 See, Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia for details.57
58 See Pirumshaev, op cit, p. 14.58
59 Ibid., p, 15.59
60 Ibid., p. 16.60
61 Ibid., p. 14.61
62 Ibid., p. 14.62
63 Ibid., p. 22.63
64 Ibid., p. 27.64
65 Ibid., pp. 18-19.65
66 For a brief discussion of Danish's views, see Becker, 1968, pp. 201-202.66
67 See Pirumshaev, op cit, pp. 7 and 8.67 6
68 Ibid., p. 9.68
69 Mukhtarov, 1992, p. 37.69
70 Aini, op cit, pp. 131-133.70
71 d'Encausse, op cit, 1988, p. 84.71
72 d'Encausse, op cit, p. 85.72
73 Aini, op cit, pp. 146-47.73
74 Aini, op cit, pp. 143-44.73
75 For a discussion of the Bukharan Jadids, see Becker, op cit, pp. 205-209.75
76 Aini, op cit, pp. 113-115.76
77 Ibid., pp. 116-117.77
78 d'Encausse, op cit, p. 89.78
79 Ibid., p. 68.79
80 Ibid., p. 51.80
81 Ibid., p. 90.81
82 Mukhtarov, op cit, pp. 12-14.82
83 Cf., d'Encausse, op cit, p. 90.83
84 Ibid., p. 91.84
85 Ibid., pp. 140-142.85
86 Mukhtarov, op cit, p. 15.86
87 Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia, vol. 5.87
88 For Pan-Islamism, see Hostler, 1993, pp. 78-79.88
89 Ibid., pp. 93-99.89
90 F. I. Kalisov (1891-1940) was the chief of the Sovnarkom of Turkistan. In 1918, he led an army against Amir Alim Khan.90
91 See, Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia.91
92 Mukhtarov, op cit, pp. 16-18.92
93 d'Encausse, op cit, p. 17.93
94 For the Basmachis, see Hiro, 1994, pp. 18-20; Marwat, 1985.94
95 Altogether, eleven plans were implemented for improving Tajik lifestyle and society. All those plans, except the seventh, were five years in duration. The one for 1959-65 was for seven years.95
96 Krader, 1956, p. 912.96
97 Krader. vol. 3, p. 914.97
98 Rayon is a Russian administrative district.98
99 The tricotazh factory provides the republic with such accessories as scarves, gloves, and socks.99
100 Oblast' is a Russian subdivision of a governor-general's domain.100
101 Cf. Kurat, 1970, p. 638.101
102 See Shams -Ud-Din, p. 325.102
103 Cf. Springer, 1956, pp. 786ff.103
104 Cf., Hiro, 1988, p. 43.103
105 Cf., Shams-Ud-Din, op. cit., 326.105
106 For the importance of Surkhan Dariya and Qashqa Dariya in the economic life of the Tajiks, see Masov, 1996.106
107 For the relationship between the government and the clergy, see Aini, 1987.107
108 For general information on the Basmachi movement, see Marwat, 1985.108
109 Cf., Masov, op cit, pp. xii-xiii.109
110 For the history of the rise of the new-method schools and their impact on Bukhara, see Aini, 1987, op. cit.110
111 For details on the national-administrative divsions, see Masov, op cit.111
112 Samarqand served as the capital of Uzbekistan from 1924 until 1930.112
113 For further information on Surkhan Dariya, see Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia, vol. 7, 1987, p. 176. 113
114 For further information on Surkhan Dariya, see Soviet Tajik Encyclopedia, vol. 8, 1988, p. 295.114
115 Masov, op cit.115
116 Ibid.116
117 Ibid.117



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