Text of the U.S. Overview Review
Why did the Puritans want to leave England?
religious persecution
What religious movement was focused on getting an emotional response from its audience?
Great Awakening
Why did the British begin taxing the colonists in 1763?
pay for the French & Indian (7 yrs.) War
Name 2 characteristics of the New England colonies.
education, small farms, harbor cities, Puritanically based morals and religion
Name 2 characteristics of the middle colonies.
religious tolerance, commerce, craftsmanship, heavy Dutch influence
Name 2 characteristics of the southern colonies.
loyalty, plantations & cash crops, low population density
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What patriot is famous for being willing to pay the ultimate price for his freedom?
Patrick Henry
Name two ways the colonists protested this tax?
boycotts, demonstrations, harassment of public officials
What document set up our nation’s first government?
Articles of Confederation
Name two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
no power to tax, no power to coin money, no executive branch, weak central government
Where did the British surrender to Washington?
Yorktown
What were the two main purposes of the Declaration of Independence?
Establish ideology behind revolution and list grievances vs. King George
Who has the power to tax?
Congress
What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment?
Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition
Who has the power to declares laws/acts unconstitutional?
Judicial Branch/Supreme Court
What is the group of the President’s advisors called?
cabinet
What was Hamilton’s vision for America?
A country based on manufacturing and a strong central government
What was Jefferson’s vision of America?
Agricultural society, everybody owns land
Who was sent to explore the Louisiana Territory?
Lewis & Clark
How did the rivalry between the French & British affect us in the early 1800s?
War of 1812
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
don’t mess around in our hemisphere & we’ll stay out of yours (to Europe)
How did Andrew Jackson treat the Native Americans? What action reflects this?
Badly!, Trail of Tears
What is "Manifest Destiny"?
The belief that the U.S. would someday control the land from coast to coast.
Who opposed the Mexican-American War? Why did they oppose it?
Whigs and Abolitionists, opposed extension of slavery
What area was like an independent country before it was annexed by the U.S?
Texas
What party was formed by Jackson’s supporter’s to ensure his election in 1828?
Democrats
How were the industries of westward expansion in conflict with the lifestyle of the Plains NAs?
settled (mining & farming) vs. nomadic
What issue was hotly debated in the new territories as our country expanded westward?
slavery
What were two of the main provisions of the Missouri Compromise?
MO is a slave state, ME is a free state, no slavery above 36-30
What were two of the main provisions of the Compromise of 1850?
CA free state, tougher fugitive slave law, UT & NM slave territories
What was the result of giving Kansas and Nebraska popular sovereignty over slavery?
Bleeding Kansas (fighting over slavery)
Name two advantages the South had at the start of the Civil War.
Better generals, defensive war, passion for their cause
Name 3 advantages the North had at the start of the war.
larger population, more industry, better transportation, more food production
What happened to the Southern industrial and agricultural production facilities during the Civil War?
They were almost totally wiped out
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Free the slaves in rebel states
What two Union victories happened on July 4, 1863? Why were they significant?
Gettysburg and Vicksburg, turning point in the war
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Made slavery illegal
Why did the Radical Republicans push for the 14th Amendment?
Southern States were passing Black Codes
Which amendment guaranteed freedmen the right to vote?
Fifteenth
What President did the Radical Republicans have a major problem during Reconstruction?
Andrew Johnson
Name 2 things that kept freedmen from gaining true equality.
sharecropping, KKK, black codes, racist attitudes
Give two examples of conflicts between Plains NAs and the settlers/army.
Wounded Knee, Sand Creek, Fetterman Fight, Little Big Horn, Chief Joseph
What law basically forced Native Americans to accept "white culture"?
Dawes Act
What inventions helped fuel the growth of cities?
telephone, electric light, use of steel in construction, electric street car
Why could businesses maintain such poor working conditions in the late 1800’s?
surplus of workers
Why would the gov’t always side with the owners against the unions?
the owners had put them into the offices they held
What is xenophobia?
fear of foreigners
Why were new immigrants subjected to so much xenophobia?
different languages, religions, complexions, illiteracy
What do you call a group of corporations controlled by the same board for common interest?
trust
How much did an unskilled worker make in 1885?
five cents a day
Name 2 major industrialists of the late 1800’s.
Carnegie, Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Morgan
Where were most immigrants who came to the U.S. in the late 1800s processed?
Ellis Island
What industries were the cornerstones of western settlement?
mining and ranching
What group had great faith in the ongoing progress of society?
the progressives
Name a law that progressives passed to help purify food.
Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act
Name a measure taken by progressives to take the corruption out of gov’t.
commission system, direct primaries, referendums & initiatives
What was the goal of the muckrakers?
draw attention to social problems with sensational journalism
How did Progressives view the role of government?
They saw it as an agent of social change
What organization was formed in the early 1900’s to try and improve conditions for African-Americans?
NAACP
In what two places did most of the fighting take place in the Spanish American War?
Cuba and the Philippines
Which president was the most famous "trust buster"? What law did he use to bust the trusts?
Teddy Roosevelt, Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Name a measure taken by progressives to take the corruption out of gov’t.
commission system, direct primaries, referendums & initiatives
Name a law that progressives passed to help purify food.
Pure Food & Drug Act, Meat Inspection Act
Name two reasons why the U.S. was interested in expanding it’s imperial power.
ports for naval ships and markets for manufactured goods
What did the Open Door Policy give us free reign to do?
force China to trade with us
What virtually made Panama a U.S. Territory?
Construction of Panama Canal
What was the point of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine?
We will intervene when necessary in the Western Hemisphere
What group of countries did the U.S. fight alongside in WWI?
the Allies (GB, France, Russia)
What group formed their opposition?
Central Powers (Germany & Austria-Hungary)
Name two factors that led to WWI.
Alliances, military build up, tension in the Balkans
What weapon did the Germans use to attack allied ships and the British blockade?
U-Boat
What two factors led to trench warfare?
old tactics combined with new weapons
Name the two events that helped pull the U.S. into the war.
Lusitania & Zimmerman Telegram
What was Wilson’s stated reason for entering WWI?
"Make the world safe for democracy."
Why was it only a matter of time before the U.S. was drawn into WWI?
we had become an imperial power, we were shipping war materials to Europe
What was Wilson’s Plan for Peace at the end of WWI called?
14 Points
Name two key conditions of the Treaty of Versailles.
Germany responsible for WWI, pay big reparations, League of Nations
What law prevented "disloyal utterances" during WWI?
Sedition Act
What cause led to Wilson’s demise at the end of his presidency?
Pushing for the U.S. to join the League of Nations
What is a "red"?
someone with communist sympathies
What amendment made alcohol illegal?
18th
How successful was prohibition? Who took over distribution of alcohol during prohibition?
not very, organized crime
List three characteristics of life in rural America in the 1920s.
cultural homogeneity, religious fundamentalism, farming, traditional values, country music & ice cream socials
Identify three characteristics of urban America in the 1920’s.
cultural diversity, new immigrants, religious diversity, speakeasies & jazz, manufacturing
Name two ways women established new independent attitudes in the 20s.
Bobbing Hair, wearing shorter skirts, moving out on their own
Name 2 big athletes of the Twenties.
Babe Ruth, Red Grange, Bill Tilden, Jack Dempsey, Gertrude Elderle, Bobby Jones
Who took over after Harding to clean up after the scandals? Describe his business philosophy.
Coolidge, hands off, pro-ownership
How did the automobile change American life?
demand for roads, faster transportation, closed distances, greater contact
Why was there a surplus in farm products during the 1920’s?
overproduction from WWI
Identify two things that helped "liberate" America in the ‘20s.
Jazz, Radio, Movies, Literature, Automobiles
What amendment gave women the right to vote?
19th
The Great Depression
Insert Review Game Here
World War II
Name two places Hitler took territory before the war started.
Czechoslovakia, Austria, Rhineland
How long did it take Germany to conquer Western Europe at the start of the war?
9 months
What was the Battle of Britain?
massive air raids over a period of months in 1940
How did the federal government raise money for the war effort?
Selling war bonds
What law allowed us to provide supplies for Great Britain while remaining neutral?
Lend-Lease Act
What event brought the U.S. into WWII?
Bombing of Pearl Harbor
What attack by Hitler eventually led to his downfall?
invasion of the USSR
What major allied invasion marked the beginning of the end for the Germans in Europe?
D-Day/Operation Overlord
What two kinds of fighting were most common in the Pacific Theater during WWII?
naval air battles & amphibious assaults (island hopping)
Name two goods that were rationed during WWII.
rubber, gasoline, sugar, flour
Where did the Big 3 meet to discuss post war plans?
Yalta
Which president made the decision to drop the Atomic bomb on Japan? What was his alternative to dropping the Bomb?
Truman, massive land invasion
Name one thing that was controversial about the use of the A-Bomb.
used on civilians, radiation, start arms race, unknown effects
How did WWII solve the problems of the Great Depression?
boosted production & wages, created full employment
What international organization was formed after WWII to try & solve problems that might lead to WWIII?
United Nations
What doctrine vowed to support all resistors of communism wherever they may be?
Truman Doctrine
What economic plan was supposed to keep Western European Nations free form Comm. after WWII?
Marshall Plan
Which side did the U.S. support in the Korean War? Who supported the other side?
the South, the USSR
What was the result of the Korean War?
NK stays Comm., SK free, DMZ in middle
How did we respond to the Soviets cutting off access to W. Berlin in 1948?
Berlin Airlift of supplies
What did the Soviets test/demonstrate in 1949?
an atomic bomb
Which U.S. Senator made a name for himself in the early 1950’s by hunting communists?
Joseph McCarthy
Name 2 ways U.S. citizens responded to the threat of Nuclear attack?
fallout shelters, drop and cover drills, end of the world parties
What event of 1957 caused a rush to improve math & science programs in the U.S.?
launch of Sputnik
At the peak of the arms race, how many times over could the U.S. & the USSR have blown up the world?
10
What communist dictator rose to power in Cuba in the late 1950’s?
Fidel Castro
What threat from the Soviets in 1962 led to some of the darkest moments of the Cold War?
Cuban Missile Crisis
What was the outcome of this crisis?
U.S. promised not to invade Cuba again, USSR took back its missiles
Give an example of a Jim Crow Law.
separate facilities, curfews, separate workplaces
What decision reversed Plessy?
Brown vs. the Board of Ed. (Topeka, KS)
What did the Emmitt Till case demonstrate about the Southern Judicial System?
no justice for blacks from all white system
Where did Rosa Parks start the Bus Boycott? Who was chosen to lead the boycott?
Montgomery, Martin Luther King Jr.
What was the key principle of MLK’s strategy to end segregation?
non-violence
What was the focus of the Mississippi Summer Project?
increase # of black voters in Mississippi
Why was it such a big deal that Jackie Robinson played baseball?
it was America’s past time, everybody paid attention
What was the purpose of the March on Washington?
pressure for Civil Rights Legislation
What was the goal of the freedom riders? What were their tactics?
take the movement to the deep South, use segregated facilities
Name two things that happened to the Riders as they went through the South.
bombed, attacked, jailed
Who would "patrol the police" to assure they were not mistreating blacks? Name two of their demands?
Black Panthers, full employment, self determination, blacks should not serve in Vietnam, decent housing, better education
Who did the Vietnamese originally fight for their independence after WWII?
France
What gave LBJ the power to "use any means necessary" in Vietnam?
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
List two ways combat conditions in Vietnam were unlike those soldiers had prepared for.
jungle, traps & guerrilla tactics, heat & rain, unknown enemy
Name one factor that made our involvement in Vietnam so controversial.
just cause?, high cost ($ & lives), impatience with lack of progress
Who was the communist leader of North Vietnam?
Ho Chi Minh
What event led to the arrest of the Chicago 7?
anti-war protests at the 1968 Democratic National Convention
What were the southern sympathizers of the communist North called?
Viet Cong
Why did the U.S. attack Cambodia and Laos?
there were bases for the VC and NVA
What impact did the Tet Offensive have on public opinion about the war?
turned many against it
Name two ways people tried to avoid the draft during the Vietnam War.
college, family, self inflicted wound, act crazy
What was the name of the quiet group that wanted law & order & supported the war?
silent majority
What brought an end to deferments for students and married people?
draft lottery
What minority groups were over-represented in the troops in Vietnam?
Blacks and Hispanics
What theory proposed that if South Vietnam fell to Communism, the rest of SE Asia would soon follow?
domino theory
Name 2 artists whose music opposed the Vietnam War.
Bob Dylan, Jimi Hendrix, Jefferson Airplane, Joan Baez, the Doors
What goal did Nixon claim to be pursuing in the Vietnam War?
Peace with Honor
What tactic did Nixon use to try and force the Vietnamese to the bargaining table?
increased bombing
Who did Nixon claim to represent?
the Silent Majority
Why did Carter suspend the wheat deal in 1980?
USSR invaded Afghanistan
Name two reasons Nixon went to China in 1972?
keep them pissed at USSR, open markets to trade
What did the SALT talks do?
limit strategic weapons, like ICBMs
What was one of Ford’s first important actions that relates to Watergate?
pardons Nixon
Why did OPEC place an embargo on oil to the U.S. in 1973?
we helped Israel in October war
What is stagflation a combination of?
unemployment & inflation
Who had to deal with it during his presidency?
Carter
What was Carter’s major foreign policy victory?
Camp David Accords
What was his big foreign policy nightmare?
Iran Hostage Crisis
What major events had damaged Americans self esteem between 1969-1981?
Vietnam, Watergate, Iran Hostage Crisis
What president tried to restore prestige to the presidency in light of this?
Ronald Reagan
What was congress’ position on funding the Contras in 1983?
against it
What was our gov’t hoping for help with from the Iranians in exchange for selling them arms?
freeing our hostages in Lebanon
What Soviet leaders reforms ultimately led to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc.
Mikhail Gorbachev
Identify two challenges George Bush faced during his presidency.
recession, end of Cold War, Gulf War, S & L Crisis, War on Drugs, Clarence Thomas