Cold War Test Review
What international organization was formed after WWII to try & solve problems that might lead to WWIII?
United Nations
What economic plan was supposed to keep Western European Nations free from Comm. after WWII?
Marshall Plan
Which side did the U.S. (and the U.N.) support in the Korean War? Who supported the other side?
the South, the USSR
Why did Truman fire MacArthur during the Korean War?
insisted on being more aggressive (nuke China)
What was the result of the Korean War?
NK stays Comm., SK free, DMZ in middle (38th parallel)
What were the two main treaty organizations of the Cold War?
NATO (U.S. led) & Warsaw Pact (USSR led)
What was Truman accused of being "soft" on? How did he respond to this?
Communism, policy review boards
What doctrine vowed to support all resistors of communism wherever they may be?
Truman Doctrine
How did we respond to the Soviets cutting off access to W. Berlin in 1948?
Berlin Airlift of supplies
What did the Soviets test/demonstrate in 1949 that scared the heck out of us?
an atomic bomb
Who was put to death for supposedly giving our nuclear secrets to the Soviets?
Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Which U.S. Senator made a name for himself in the early 1950’s by hunting communists? What was his fate?
Joseph McCarthy, brought down by his former allies
Name 2 ways U.S. citizens responded to the threat of Nuclear attack?
fallout shelters, drop and cover drills, end of the world parties
What made it possible for the U.S. to avoid a major post-war economic slump?
Marshall Plan and people spent what they had saved during the war
What form of popular music emerged in the 1950’s? Who were some key artists?
Rock and Roll, Elvis, Chuck Berry, Buddy Holly, Richie Valens
What was the societal expectation for American women in the 1950’s?
Stay home, raise the kids, and consume
What was the result of the need for new housing and desire for a middle class lifestyle in the post war era?
The suburbs
Name two factors in the emphasis on conformity in 1950’s America.
TV, the suburbs, corporate culture, fear of communism, consumerism
How did the GI Bill impact the U.S.?
Made it possible for vets to buy homes, businesses & farms, as well as go to college
Who did both parties covet as their candidate for President in 1952? Why?
Dwight D. Eisenhower, because he was a moderate war hero
Which party did Eisenhower choose? What young senator became his running mate?
Republican, Richard Nixon
Name 2 places the CIA intervened on behalf of U.S. interests in the 1950’s.
Iran, Guatemala, Lebanon
How did the Suez Crisis of 1956 effect the Cold War?
opened the Middle East to Soviet influence
What did the U.S. response to the European crises of 1956 demonstrate?
We were unwilling to intervene behind the Iron Curtain
What event of 1957 caused a rush to improve math & science programs in the U.S.?
launch of Sputnik
At the peak of the arms race, how many times over could the U.S. & the USSR have blown up the world?
10
How did the U-2 incident effect relations between the superpowers?
put them in the deep freeze
What was the bracero program?
recruited Mexican immigrants across the border to work on the farms during World War II
What government operation focused on deporting many of these immigrants during the 1950’s?
Operation Wetback
What new form of retail center emerged in the 1950’s?
the suburban shopping mall
What were the two main provisions of the Taft Hartley Act?
President could declare an 80 day "cooling off" period in labor negotiations, communists & socialists were removed from union leadership
What did Truman fear about unions’ demands for higher wages?
they were inflationary and would be harmful to the economy
What was the purpose of Truman’s Fair Deal?
continue the programs of FDR’s New Deal
Identify two key aspects of Eisenhower’s "modern republicanism"?
limit the role of the federal government, reduce role of the President while increasing power of Congress and the Courts, balance budget, support corporations
The following questions will be covered in class on 3/23 feel free to preview them now.
What effort did Kennedy make to remove him from power?
the Bay of Pigs
What communist dictator rose to power in Cuba in the late 1950’s? What did he do that angered Americans?
Fidel Castro, seized American properties and favored the Soviets
Why did the Bay of Pigs fail?
lack of Cuban support, no air strike
Why did the Soviets put up the Berlin Wall in 1961?
Embarrassed by the flow of immigrants fleeing East Germany
What is the name for the doctrine that says your enemy won’t attack you if he knows you can retaliate?
Mutually Assured Destruction
Where did the Soviets attempt to set up missiles in October of 1962? How did the U.S. respond?
Cuba, naval blockade (this is the Cuban Missile Crisis)
What was the outcome of this crisis?
U.S. promises not to invade Cuba again, USSR takes back its missiles