Text of the Unit II Review

What was the first time our government officially compromised over slavery?
3/5 Compromise
What was the result of giving Kansas and Nebraska popular sovereignty over slavery?
Bleeding Kansas (fighting over slavery)
Why was the Dred Scott decision significant?
it maintained that slaves remained property regardless of the circumstances
What was John Brown hoping to do when he took over the arsenal at Harpers’ Ferry?
arm slaves who would take part in a widespread revolt
**How many states seceded when Lincoln was elected? How many more when he called for troops?
4, 7
Name two advantages the South had at the start of the Civil War.
Better generals, defensive war, passion for their cause
Name three advantages the North had at the start of the Civil War.
larger population, more industry, better transportation, more food production
What was the first actual fighting of the war?
SC firing on Ft. Sumter
What happened to the Southern industrial and agricultural production facilities during the war?
They were almost totally wiped out
What was the official name of the South’s government? Who was it’s President
CSA (Confederate States of America), Jefferson Davis
What was the bloodiest single day of fighting during the Civil War?
Battle of Antietam
What was it about the style of fighting in the Civil War that led to such huge numbers of casualties?
you would lead large #s of your men in an attempt to break lines of large #s of the opposition (e.g. Picket's Charge)
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation? What did it give the Union?
Free the slaves in rebellious states, moral cause for fighting the war
What two Union victories happened on July 4, 1863? Why were they important?
Gettysburg (turned Lee back from DC) and Vicksburg (control of the Mississippi)
What was Lincoln’s main point in the Gettysburg Address?
no nation had ever been founded on the idea of the equality of all men, and this was a cause well worth fighting for
Who marched through the South in 1864-1865 with the goal of forcing them to surrender? How?
Sherman, waging “total war”
**What was Lincoln’s philosophy on reconstruction? Why was he unable to implement it?
Heal the wounds (malice toward none…), he was assassinated 6 days after the war ended
What did the 13th Amendment do?
Made slavery illegal
What President did the Radical Republicans have a major problem during Reconstruction? Why?
Andrew Johnson, he appeared to be sympathetic to the South
Why did the Radical Republicans push for the 14th Amendment?
Southern States were passing Black Codes
**What was a carpetbagger? A scalawag?
a northerner who came south to help with reconstruction, a southerner that sympathized with the north
**Name 2 things that kept freedmen from gaining true equality during reconstruction.
sharecropping, KKK, black codes, racist attitudes
How did sharecropping keep many freedmen in the same basic conditions as slavery?
Put them in debt to landowners, locked to the land living in poverty
Name 2 ways Southern states kept freedmen from voting.
poll taxes, literacy tests, threats & violence
Why did Congress impeach Johnson? What was the verdict in his trial?
fired Stanton in violation of the Tenure of Office Act, not guilty
Which amendment guaranteed freedmen the right to vote?
Fifteenth
What event of 1873 drew the attention of much of the country away from reconstruction?
the Panic of 1873 (economic depression)
Why was homesteading attractive to people like immigrants and freedmen?
gave them a chance to own land
Name two of the major problems with the Homestead Act.
city slickers couldn’t cut it as farmers, fraud, tough to meet conditions of law
Why did the lifestyle of the plains Native Americans clash with the permanent fixtures (RRs, farms, etc.) of the settlers?
the NAs were nomadic
What gov’t agency was in charge of handling relationships with the Native Americans?
Bureau of Indian Affairs
**Give two examples of conflicts between Plains NAs and the settlers/army.
Wounded Knee, Sand Creek, Little Big Horn, Chief Joseph
Who led his people on a 3,000 mile journey in an attempt to avoid being placed on a reservation?
Chief Joseph (Nez Perce)
What law basically forced Native Americans to accept “white culture”?
Dawes Act
**Identify three U.S. gov’t policies that were designed to force the Native Americans to assimilate.
reservations, education, English, farming, supplies
What industries were the cornerstones of western settlement?
mining and ranching
What infrastructure was necessary for either of these industries to be successful?
the Transcontinental Railroad
Who pressured the gov’t into opening additional land in “Indian Territory” for settlement?
settlers (boomers & sooners)
***What kind of people became Populists? What were two of their key issues?
Farmers; crop prices, money supply, transportation rates