Text of the Unit I Review
What was the first English settlement in North America?
Jamestown
Why did the Puritans want to leave England? What boat did they travel on?
religious persecution, the Mayflower
Name 2 characteristics of the New England colonies.
education, small farms, harbor cities, Puritanically based morals and religion
Name 2 characteristics of the middle colonies.
religious tolerance, commerce, craftsmanship, heavy Dutch influence
Name 2 characteristics of the southern colonies.
loyalty, plantations & cash crops, low population density
What religious movement was focused on getting an emotional response from its audience?
Great Awakening
How did this movement help feed revolutionary fervor?
equality in the eyes of God
Which enlightenment thinker pushed for a three branch government?
Montesquieu
Which enlightenment thinker was an advocate for the protection of "natural rights"?
Locke
Which enlightenment thinker pushed government by the general will?
Rousseau
Why did the British begin taxing the colonists in 1763?
pay for the French & Indian (7 yrs.) War
What was the first major tax placed on the colonists after the Seven Years’ War?
Stamp Act
Name two ways the colonists protested this tax.
boycotts, demonstrations, harassment of public officials
What group of colonists wanted to remain loyal to Great Britain?
Tories/Loyalists
Who led the mob to the Customs House to set off the Boston Massacre?
Samuel Adams
How did the British respond to the Boston Tea Party?
Intolerable Acts
What group called for the Declaration of Independence?
Second Continental Congress
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What were the two main purposes of the Declaration of Independence?
Establish ideology behind revolution and list grievances vs. King George
Where was the first actual fighting of the Revolutionary war?
Lexington and Concord
What Colonial victory brought increased support from the French?
Saratoga
What was the freezing cold low point for the Continental Army?
Valley Forge
Where did the British surrender to Washington?
Yorktown
What document set up our nation’s first government?
Articles of Confederation
Name two weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
no power to tax, no power to coin money, no executive branch, weak central government
Who appoints Justices & Ambassadors? Who approves them?
President, Senate
How is the membership of the Senate determined?
Each state gets two Senators
How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights? What group pushed for it?
10, Anti-Federalists
What amendment protects you from unlawful search & seizure?
4th
Which amendment protects your right to bear arms?
2nd
What right do some people feel is violated by the Death Penalty?
No cruel or unusual punishment (8th)
Who has the power to enforce laws?
President (Executive Branch)
Who has the power to declares laws/acts unconstitutional?
Judicial Branch/Supreme Court
What is the group of the President’s advisors called?
cabinet
What determines the number of representatives that a state gets in the House of Reps.?
its population
Who has the power to tax?
Congress
What amendment protects the rights of the accused?
6th
What amendment protects you from self-incrimination?
5th
What freedoms are guaranteed by the First Amendment?
Speech, religion, press, assembly, petition
Who has the power to declare war?
Congress
What was Hamilton’s vision for America?
A country based on manufacturing and a strong central government
What was Jefferson’s vision for America?
Agricultural society, everybody owns land
Who did Jefferson send to explore the Louisiana Territory? Why did he send them?
Lewis & Clark, promote the territory
How did we get "sucked in" to the war of 1812?
GB & France were at war & we’re caught in the middle
What was the basic message that the Monroe Doctrine sent to Europe?
stay out of our hemisphere & we’ll stay out of yours’
Who was the first President to supposedly represent the common man?
Andrew Jackson
Identify two things Jackson was famous for.
Trail of Tears, vetoing Nat’l Bank, spoils system, using his veto 12 times, bare knuckle politics
Why did many Americans settle in Texas in the early 1800s?
invited by Mexico, wanted chance to own land