• The reasons for the outbreak of revolution across Europe in 1848
• The key outcomes of the Revolutions of 1848
• The background leading up to the unification of Italy
• The key steps in the process of uniting Italy

• The background leading up to the unification of Germany
• The key steps in the process of uniting Germany, including a strong understanding of the policies of Bismarck
• The key changes and reforms that took place in Austria, Russia, and Great Britain between 1850-1885

• The major ways that the economy changed in the late 1800's and early 1900's
• The development of the working class into the proletariat and the impact of socialism on the proletariat

• The impact of the discoveries of Darwin and Pastuer
• The basic ideas behind the realist movement in the arts
• The major problems faced by growing cities in the late 1800's and the methods they used to try and deal with these problems
• The chief ways that social classes were changing and evolving due to the changing political and economic conditions of the time

Possible Essay Questions:

1) Describe the change in lifestyle for the average European between 1800-1900. Be sure to include the political, economic, and technological forces that brought about these changes.
2) Discuss the ever changing political climate in Europe between 1815 and 1890. (Quad Alliance, Revs of 1848, Crimean, Russia, GB, Italy, Germany, etc.)