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GIS
GIS Compiled by Muhammad Ahsan Shahzad

Geographic Information Systems

Geographic information systems (GIS) technology can be used for scientific investigations, resource management, and development planning. For example, a GIS might allow emergency planners to easily calculate emergency response times in the event of a natural disaster, or a GIS might be used to find wetlands that need protection from pollution.

	USGS node of the National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse - a component of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).
	Manual of Federal Geographic Data Products

What is a GIS?

In the strictest sense, a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations. Practitioners also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system.

How does a GIS work?

	Relating information from different sources
	Data capture
	Data integration
	Projection and registration
	Data structures
	Data modeling

What's special about a GIS?

The way maps and other data have been stored or filed as layers of information in a GIS makes it possible to perform complex analyses.

	Information retrieval
	Topological modeling
	Networks
	Overlay
	Data output

Applications of GIS

GIS through history

Using GIS

	Mapmaking
	Site selection
	Emergency response planning
	Simulating environmental effects

Graphic display techniques

The future of GIS

Notice: These notes are intended to be a supplement, not a substitute, to attending class.

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