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Phase 1: Control Inflammation

Inflammation is the first process of healing that happens immediately following an injury. This process can be divided into 3 phases:

Phase I - Acute Phase
  • This phase starts off with vasoconstriction of the blood vessels to prevent blood loss to the injured area.
  • Vasodilation immediately follows to help phagocytes come into the area, resulting in serotonin being produced along the chemical heparin.
  • Swelling occurs due to the arrival of leukocytes and mast cells. Mast cells consist of white blood cells, heparin, and histamine.
  • The enzyme bradykinin is released, which stimulates nerve endings and pain.
  • Between 24 to 48 hours, phagocytosis begins to remove waste products and the swelling decreases.

    Phase II - Subacute phase

    This phase lasts from 48 to 72 hours but could last up to 6 weeks. The hematoma is in top formation and there is growth of a new tissue. This is referred to as scar tissue. It is made up of dead cells (exudate) and is high in proteins.

    Phase III - Remodeling phase

    This phase lasts from 3 to 6 weeks but can last up to a year or more. The collagen content is deficient but can adapt to the stresses placed on it.

    The treatment protocol for controlling inflammation is known as RICE application. RICE stands for:
  • Rest
  • Ice
  • Compression
  • Elevation

    Another type of inflammation is known as chronic inflammation. This occurs when the acute healing process does not follow its normal course. The primary cells present during this phase are lymphocytes, plasma cells, and monocytes. There is no regeneration or phagocytosis. The result of this is constant pain to the injured area when stress is being placed on it.

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