The Three Forces in Psychology Compared

Note: For anyone who just surfed in, this page is posted for study purposes by a university student. 21/05/03

The Three Forces in Psychology
	First Force Behaviourism	Second Force Psychoanalysis	Third Force Humanism
Where are the answers?	In careful observation of behaviour and environment and their relations.	Somewhere beneath the surface, in the unconscious	In consciousness or experience.
Streams and Theorists	Behaviourists, as well as their modern descendants the cognitivist (Hans Eysenck, B. F. Skinner, and Albert Bandura)	1. Freudian view proper, (Sigmund and Anna Freud, and the ego psychologists (Erik Erikson) 2. The transpersonal perspective, which has a much more spiritual streak (Carl Jung). 3. The social psychological view. (Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, and Erich Fromm).	1.Humanism proper (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, George Kelly) 2. Existential Psychology (Ludwig Binswanger and Victor Frankl).
Emphasis	The importance of changing current thinking and behaviour.	The importance of early childhood experiences and internal forces.	Inherent processes of self-actualisation.
Methods	Quantitative and experimental methods		Phenomenological methods
Therapy	Behavioural, Cognitive-Behavioural, and Reality Therapies	Psychoanalysis	Existential, Person-Centred and Gestalt Models

References

Athabasca University. (2003). Psychology 406. http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Psych406/Manual/outline.shtml

Boeree, G. C. (1997). Personality theories: Introduction. http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/persintro.html#orientations

Fadiman, J., & Frager, R. (2002). Personality and personal growth (5th ed.). New York: Longman.

Russell, D. (1981). Psychosynthesis in Western Psychology. Psychosynthesis Digest, 1 http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Health/Psychosynthesis/essays/pd1-1.htm




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