MY TWO CENTS WORTH ON THE FEDERAL RESERVE

March 1993

by Randy L. Geiszler, e-mail: behold@teleport.com

In this issue of BEHOLD!, Robert Wangrud discussed some of the fallacies being spread around the patriot community about the Federal Reserve System, in his article entitled De facto Government. The principle point made by Mr. Wangrud is that the Federal Reserve Board is not a corporation but rather an independent federal regional agency of the United States. For decades, ignorant people who claim to know all about the Federal Reserve have been leading people away from the real cause of the present destruction of American Liberty.

Mr. Wangrud's point is well taken and backed up by the statutes of the United States which created the Federal Reserve Board, by the statutes which define the nature and character of agencies such as the Federal Reserve Board, and by the National-bank Acts which preceded the Federal Reserve Act.

Consistent with the structuring of a martial law institution, the Federal Reserve was designed to be structured regionally in the original Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251.

"As soon as practicable, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Comptroller of the Currency, acting as "The Reserve Bank Organization Committee," shall designate not less than eight nor more than twelve cities to be known as Federal Reserve cities, and shall divide the continental United States, excluding Alaska, into districts, each district containing only one of such Federal reserve cities..... Provided.... The districts thus created may be readjusted and new districts may from time to time be created by the Federal Reserve Board, not to exceed twelve in all. Such districts shall be known as Federal reserve districts and may be designated by number...." Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 2, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251.

The map of Federal Reserve districts [Figure 2 in Robert Wangrud's article De facto Government], which shows the regional structure of the FED, is undoubtedly the result of the above provision of the Federal Reserve Act being put into effect. The structure of the FED is regional, like the structure of The Social Security Administration, the structure of the I.R.S. and the structure of other modern federal agencies. Keep in mind the structure of the FED totally disregards the boundaries of State sovereignty (identified by State borders) of those States which are located within a regionally organized districts.

Consider the fact that Article 4, Section 3, Clause 1, Constitution for the United States of America, prohibits joining (juncture) of the several States into new regional venues in the manner prescribed by the Federal Reserve Act.

"New States may be admitted by Congress into this Union; but no new State Shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as the Congress." Article 4, Section 3, Clause 1, Const. for the U.S. of A.

The glaring question is, Where, in the National Constitution, is Congress directly empowered to ignore State lines of venue and jurisdiction? The answer is, there is no such authorization in the National Constitution. The only time Congress, or any other government for that matter, can ignore the established lines (boundaries) of venue and jurisdiction of another State or another country is during military or quasi military occupation under some form of Martial Law. Clearly, imposition of Martial Law and occupation of the several States by the national government is not authorized by the original letter and spirit of the National Constitution. [See the Ninth Article in Amendment and the Tenth Article in Amendment to the National Constitution.]

For years, throughout the patriot community speakers and writers on the Federal Reserve have misled people to believe that the Federal Reserve System is a corporation created out of nowhere in 1913 with the Federal Reserve Act. Either these people are inept or they have purposely been misleading the patriot community. They have completely missed the real point, that this country is presently being governed by martial rule (the invisible law) and that the Federal Reserve Board is merely a independent agency of Congress set up to regulate the distribution of the currency of martial law through quasi-private corporations.

The Federal Reserve Act states:

"Should any national banking association in the United States now organized fail within one year after the passage of this Act to become a member bank or fail to comply with any of the provisions of this Act applicable thereto, all of the rights, privileges and franchises of such association granted to it under the national-bank Act or under the provisions of this Act, shall be forfeited." Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 2, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251.

According to the Federal Reserve Act the "member banks" are "banking associations," which already existed before the Federal Reserve Act was ever enacted by Congress. The only way "banking associations" which be punished for not complying with the Federal Reserve Act for not becoming a "member bank" of the Federal Reserve System was by denying those banks rights, privileges and franchises previously granted to such association under the National-bank Act or the Federal Reserve Act. This means that the Federal Reserve Act is merely an extension of the national banking Act and that the Federal Reserve Act merely reorganized a banking system that already existed prior the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act.

The banking system reorganized by the Federal Reserve Act was a banking system set up and designed to distribute a taxable currency under martial law and thereby help to create a national debt under martial law, under the war powers made perpetual in the Fourteenth Amendment, Fourth Section. The legislation of Congress which dates back to the Civil War "Green Back (United States Notes" and National Bank Association Notes (even prior to the Fourteenth Amendment), which notes were issued for military purposes at a time when Full Martial Law was being imposed, proves this fact conclusively.

The Federal Reserve Act focuses upon the "national-banking act" as the act which had established the banking system of the United States prior to 1913. Therefore, the national-banking act is crucial to an understanding of the Federal Reserve Act.

What is the "national-bank Act?" The Revised Statutes of the United States, under section 5133, (R.S. S 5133 (1875)) states:

The act of June 20, 1874, c. 343, v. 18, p. 123, declares "that the act entitled 'An act to provide a national currency secured by a pledge of United States Bonds and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof,' approved June third, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, shall hereafter be known as 'the national-bank act.'" R.S. S 5133 (1875), footnote.

The first Act referred in the R.S. S 5133 (1875), footnote, above, is an act entitled An act fixing the amount of United States notes, providing for a redistribution of the national-bank currency, and for other Purposes and is one of the later acts referred to as the National-Bank Act, Approved June 20, 1874, ch. 343, 18 Stat. 123. The second act referred to in R.S. S 5133, footnote, is an act entitled An Act to provide a National Currency, secured by a Pledge of United States Bonds, and to provide for the Circulation and Redemption thereof. This act was given the permanent title "National-Bank Act" Approved June 3, 1864, Ch. 106, 13 Stat. 99. Clearly, this is the act referred to as the "national-bank Act" in the Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 2, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251.

The National-Bank Act, Approved June 3, 1864, Ch. 106, 13 Stat. 99, was enacted during the Civil War period when Full Martial Law had been declared by President Lincoln (as Commander In Chief of the Military) (Proclamation No. 3, April 15, 1861, 12 Stat. 1258; Proclamation No. 7, May 10, 1861, 12 Stat. 1260.) The purpose of this National-Bank Act (13 Stat. 99) was to put National Bank Association notes, known today as Federal Reserve Notes (backed by their pledges of U.S. Treasury bonds), into circulation in the United States for the first time, as representations of the national debt to discharge the expenses of United States military action in the Civil War. The Act states:

"That there shall be established in the treasury department a separate bureau, which shall be charged with the execution of this and all other laws that may be passed by congress respecting the issue and regulation of a national currency secured by United States bonds." National-Bank Act, Approved June 3, 1864, Ch. 106, S 1, 13 Stat. 99 & 100.

This bureau was the predecessor to the Federal Reserve Board and the banking associations under the act were the predecessors to the Federal Reserve Banks and member banks of the Federal Reserve.

But there was still another earlier "national-bank act." It was entitled, An act to provide a national currency, secured by a pledge of United States stocks and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof, Approved February 25, 1863, Ch. 58, 12 Stat. 665. This first act was repealed by the National-Bank Act, June 3, 1864, Ch. 106, S66, 13 Stat. 99, 118. The Act of February 25, 1863, 12 Stat. 665, is the first national-bank act emanated out of the Civil War under Martial Law and the war power of the National Government.

The Federal Reserve Act didn't created a corporation. Instead it reorganized and regulated "banking associations" (corporations) that had obtained special rights, privileges and franchised from Congress under martial law. The Federal Reserve Board is merely an independent agency of Congress created under Martial Rule to administer the creation of a taxable Martial Law Currency and public debt through individual quasi-private national banking associations.

Some people erroneously advocate that we return to "United States Notes" as a national currency as an alternative to "Federal Reserve Notes."

"...Congress needs to repeal & overhaul our money policy and system, go back to printing debt-free currency..." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 6.

Such a move will not really change anything. The people will still be required to do business in a Martial law currency that has no true, substantial and unalterable value. The only difference between U.S. Notes and Fed. Reserve Notes is how they are issued and whether additional interest can be charged when they are issued into circulation.

The United Stated Note were issued and made legal tender, and were upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court "as war measures, exceptional in their character, not authorized by any express grant of power to Congress contained in the Constitution..." Legal Tender Cases (Knox v. Lee & Parker v. Davis), (1870) 12 Wall. (79 U.S.) 457, 20 L.Ed. 287; Legal Tender Cases (Julliard v. Greenman), (1884) 110 U.S. 449, 4 S.Ct. 122, 28 L.Ed. 204.

"An Act to authorize the Issue of United States Notes and for the Redemption or Funding thereof, and for Funding the Floating Debt of the United States", Approved Feb. 25, 1862, Ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345.

After the main hostilities of the Civil War had ceased United States notes under The Legal Tender Act (Approved Feb. 25, 1862, Ch. 33, 12 Stat. 345.) were continued to be justified as war measures (measures of Martial Law) under the Fourteenth Amendment, Fourth Section, U.S. Const. Legal Tender Cases (Knox v. Lee & Parker v. Davis), (1870) 12 Wall. (79 U.S.) 457, 20 L.Ed. 287; Legal Tender Cases (Julliard v. Greenman), (1884) 110 U.S. 449, 4 S.Ct. 122, 28 L.Ed. 204. By continuing to issue United States Notes into circulation Congress can still create currency of no intrinsic value out of thin air and artificially manipulate the economy.

The creation of "national banking associations under An act to provide a national currency, secured by a pledge of United States stocks and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof, Approved February 25, 1863, Ch. 58, 12 Stat. 665, was another war measure calculated to raise revenue and to issue another form of martial law currency. The Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 2, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251, is merely continuation of Martial Law with respect to the national paper currency created under Martial Law during the Civil War period.

The point so sorely missed by people advocating old misleading rhetoric about the Federal Reserve System is that the banking system of the United States is designed to impose martial law upon "the people" of the United States of America under the Civil War Amendments, (i.e. 13th, 14th & 15th).

While I do not doubt the evils that have been assigned to the Federal Reserve System are meaningful, important misconceptions have been spread about the subject.

The "national bank associations" that do business under authority of Federal Reserve Act are not the same thing as the Federal Reserve Board. These "national bank associations" are quasi-private associations or corporations. Some of these associations are also given the name "Federal Reserve Banks." This explains why they pay property taxes and why they are not listed in the phone book as government agencies.

These national banks are statutorily authorized to adopt their own common seal under the Banking Acts [See, An act to provide a national currency, secured by a pledge of United States stocks and to provide for the circulation and redemption thereof, Approved February 25, 1863, Ch. 58, S 11, 12 Stat. 665, 668 and Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 4, First, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251, 254.]

This explains why so-called Federal Reserve Banks have there own seal. The seal identifies the bank as being subject to the rules and regulations of the Federal Reserve Board and the acts of Congress regulating Federal Reserve Banks. The fact that this seal may bear the date an individual Federal Reserve Bank was created as a body Corporate does not mean that the Federal Reserve Board or the Federal Reserve System is a corporation. It only means that the Bank subject to Federal Reserve Board regulation is a Corporation. But the Federal Reserve Board itself is an agency of Congress, not a private or quasi-private corporation.

As an example of erroneous rhetoric that has been spread around for years, Devvy Kidd, in her pamphlet Why A Bankrupt America makes the common erroneous statement.

"...The "Federal" Reserve Banking System is a privately owned entity..." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 1.

The Federal Reserve Banking System is neither an entity nor is the Federal Reserve System privately owned. The Federal Reserve Banking System is just that, a Banking "System." It is composed of many entities and regulated by statutes of Congress and administrative regulation of Congressional agencies. Banks which participate in the system are quasi-private corporations who exercise statutory privileges, rights and franchises, offered by and subject to banking acts of Congress. The Federal Reserve Board is a statutory agency of Congress established to administer the regulations of the Congressional enactments which authorized the privileges, rights and franchises, and which Congress has offered as an exercise of power under Martial Law during and since the Civil War period.

The statement made by Devvy Kidd above is clearly erroneous and misleading. While I do not doubt that international bankers and unscrupulous money changers use the Federal Reserve System to bilk the American people, Congress is the one to blame for imposing Martial Law and Military Script upon the American public. Congress is the one to blame for imposition of the Fourteenth Amendment, Fourth Section. Congress and the national government are responsible for the unlawful manipulation of our lives and liberty.

All the rhetoric about the Federal Reserve System being a corporation has distracted the attention of the American people from the real culprits and the real problem, Congress and Martial Law.

"This currency, (United States notes) issued directly by the government for the disbursement of the war and other expenditures..." Veazie Bank v. Fenno, (1869) 8 Wall (75 U.S.) 533, 538, 19 L.Ed. 482.

Devvy Kidd in her pamphlet Why a Bankrupt America asks the question, "How can a government agency be a corporation." Like others who have asked the same question, she clearly shows her ignorance of the legislative history preceding the Federal Reserve Act as well as here ignorance of the operation of the so called "Federal Reserve System." Member Banks are corporations, the Federal Reserve Board is an agency and the Federal Reserve System is neither an agency or an entity (corporate or otherwise).

Devvy Kidd, following the rhetoric of many of her predecessors, as well as her contemporaries, on the Federal Reserve states:

"The "Federal" Reserve Bank corporation pays the U.S. Treasury Department approximately $.02 to print each Federal Reserve note regardless of denomination. They then lend these notes back to the Treasury Department at face value - usury on our own money!" Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 1.

What actually is going on here is that the Banks which issue Federal Reserve notes are being taxed on the notes they issue. They are required to provide to the Treasury, United States Bonds that they have previously purchased in order to obtain an equivalent value of circulating Federal Reserve Notes, and an additional charge to cover the cost of printing the Federal Reserve Notes issued to them. In other words, the bank associations do not pay two cents per bill regardless of denomination, they have to pay a tax of two percent of the face value of the circulating notes in addition to the full value of the circulating notes which they have deposited in the U.S. Treasury in the form of U.S. bonds.

"Upon deposit with the treasurer of the United States of any bonds of the United States, in the manner provided by existing law relating to national banks, to receive from the Comptroller of the Currency circulating notes in blank, registered and countersigned as provided by law, equal in amount to the par value of the bonds so deposited by law, such notes to be issued under the same conditions and provisions of law as relate to the issue of circulating notes of national banks secured by bonds of the United States bearing the circulating privilege, except that the issue of such notes shall not be limited to the capital stock of such Federal reserve bank." Federal Reserve Act, December 23, 1913, Ch. 6, S 4, Eighth, 38 Stat. (Part 1) 251, 255.

Early on Congress recognized that it was impossible to tax its own circulating military script (United States Notes). Therefore, to provide for taxation upon the circulation medium, Congress authorized the creation of national banks whose notes could be taxed, and which were taxed.

"...on the 25th of February, 1863, the act authorizing National Banking associations (Act of March 3, 1863, 12 Stat. 670) was passed, in which, for the first time during many years, Congress recognized the expediency and duty of imposing a tax upon currency. By this act a tax of two percent. annually was imposed on the circulation of associations authorized by it." Veazie Bank v. Fenno, (1869) 8 Wall (75 U.S.) 533, 538, 19 L.Ed. 482.

This explains the $.02 paid by Federal Reserve banks for the printing of Federal Reserve Notes. Two percent is the tax originally imposed upon the circulation of these notes to cover the cost of printing and etc. Two percent equals two cents per dollar face value. The Federal Reserve Banks of today are the same form of institutions as the national banks referred to in the Veazie Bank v. Fenno, above, in 1869.

People like Devvy Kidd have continually claimed that the Federal Reserve creates Federal Reserve Notes out of thin air.

"Simply stated: The "FED" creates money as debt. The "FED" creates money out of thin air. This is accomplished at the stroke of a pen when the members of the "Federal" Reserve System make loans to the government, to the banks, to businesses and to individuals. This debt money is the money supply." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 1.

Wrong! Congress and the U.S. Treasury create money out of thin air. Or, at least they start the process. The U.S. Treasury issued Treasury bonds as evidence of indebtedness of the United States to obtain property. The Federal Reserved Banks and related institutions are probably the largest purchasers of Treasury bonds. This means they lend the most to the government. According to the Federal Reserve Act, the Federal Reserve Banks then deposit their Treasury notes in the treasury for which they receive a percentage equivalent of Federal Reserve Notes. The actual percentage of Federal Reserve Notes received on Treasury Bonds is controlled by things like regulatory bank reserve requirements. By the wording of the Federal Reserve Act, the bank associations obtain more Federal Reserve Notes than are covered by the value of their capital stock. This means that the banks can use assets such as mortgages to purchase more Treasury Notes and, in turn, more Federal Reserve Notes.

This is the scheme used by Congress and the banks to secure the ownership of private property in the hands of the government as outlined in the Communist Manifesto. But, the point is that the U.S. Treasury, under legislation of Congress is the one really creating currency out of thin air (just like in the case of United States Notes). Even though the Federal Reserve Banks play a major role in this evil process, Congress and martial law under the Civil War Amendments are primarily to blame for the control that bankers now assert over America. Congress is the one trying to secure government ownership of all private property, consistent with the Constitution of the U.S.S.R. and the Communist Manifesto.

The fallacy goes on:

"Prior to the "Federal" Reserve Act of 1913, the United States government printed and issued our currency debt free...." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 5.

I have already showed you that Congress has been issuing currency through quasi-private banking associations since the Civil War, in order to tax the circulating medium. In the meantime the majority of national debt has not been represented by United States Notes but, rather, by Treasury Notes and Bonds which do bear interest, and which do require the payment of usury on the national debt. Furthermore, as long as Congress can issue martial law currency (United States Notes), the economy can artificially be manipulated by the influx of artificial debt based currency.

Yet misguided people like Devvy Kidd advocate:

"In a nutshell, Congress needs to repeal & overhaul our money policy and system, go back to printing debt-free currency, get rid of the international bankers and get rid of this phony debt." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 6.

Ridiculous! As long a currency is printed into existence it will always assure a national debt, because printed currency whether issued directly from the U.S. Treasury Department or through the Federal Reserve Board is and always will be evidence of U.S. indebtedness. As long as currency is printed this country will remain under Martial Rule and our rights to Life, Liberty and property will continue to be disregarded. "The people" are supposed to control the issue of currency by providing substance (gold and silver) to be coined at the mints. This is the only way "the people" can control the issue of currency. Congress was only authorized to guarantee the purity of hard currency and its value in relation to foreign currency. Until the people regain control of the issue of currency they will not regain control of their rights.

What people like Devvy Kidd, in their ignorance, advocate is that we remain under martial law and continue to allow the national government to manipulate the economy with an ever increasing national debt.

Another fallacy being spread about the Federal Reserve System is:

"...It (the federal income tax) is simply to collect money for the private stockholders of the "Federal" Reserve." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 20.

Wrong! If you check with the General Accounting Office (G.A.O.), the federal agency which reports on taxation and spending, you will find that the percentage of taxes collected as income taxes corresponds equally to the expenditure for entitlements paid out under the Social Security Act. The income tax is the counter part of entitlements under the Social Security Act. The national banks and the Federal Reserve Banks profit from the usury on the national debt, but the currency deposited in accounts of the United States in Federal Reserve depositories are not unconditionally at the disposal of the Federal Reserve. These accounts are no different from any other bank account where the party opening the account determines the disposition of the funds.

While I agree the Federal Reserve System is filled with people and entities who want to destroy our sovereignty, people like Devvy Kidd like to put blame on the Federal Reserve alone for the income tax because they do not want to admit that they are a part of the problem as well by participating in social security. They do not want jeopardize their jobs and etc., by rescinding their social security accounts. In fact, Devvy Kidd, informed Mr. Wangrud that her husband wouldn't do anything to jeopardize his new job when Mr. Wangrud informed her of the implications of social security. Apparently, Devvy Kidd is one of those people who wants to sweep everyone elses doorstep before cleaning her own. And this has proved to be true of many of the old rhetoric challengers of the Federal Reserve.

The real problem with the patriot movement today is that they are sixty or seventy years out of sink with reality. For decades so-called patriot leaders have claimed that 1913 was the year when the income tax and the national banking system became what it is today. Continually these gurus have mislead the people away from the origin of the destruction of the liberty of "the people" of America.

Both the banking system now called the Federal Reserve System and the income tax were created and put into effect as war measures (martial law) during the Civil War period. The problems we face today were started and put into effect over sixty years in advance of the historical period presently being review by patriots.

Many of these people, like Devvy Kidd, refuse to go back the extra sixty years to the Civil War, even when they have been informed of their error. They apparently do not want to contend against the Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment and the Fifteenth Amendment, for fear of being called racists. They don't want to admit the implications of social security because they do not want their contentions to become a realistic burden upon their daily lives by refusing to participate in the internal communist scheme of social security. These obvious personal considerations cause people like Devvy Kidd to advance their arguments with ridiculous statements, and patently false information which confuses and misleads the average patriotic Citizen.

In the mean time these people claim they are making such a great sacrifice for the patriot movement (but don't jeopardize my communist affiliations (W-4, Social Security Number, etc.) which would jeopardize my job they say).

For instance, Devvy Kidd, in her pamphlet Why a Bankrupt America, p. 25-26, recommends a petition to Congress to abolish the Federal Reserve. In the recommended petition the following ridiculous threat is made:

"...we will be forced to resort to any and all the resources open to us starting with filing a complaint in Federal Court against the "FED: under the rights retained To the People by the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 13th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution & 42 U.S.C. secs. 1792, 1983, 1985, and 1986." Why a Bankrupt America, by Devvy Kidd, p. 26.

Why is this threat ridiculous?

First, The Thirteenth Amendment cannot legitimately be claimed as a protection other than by persons of color.

Second, 42 U.S.C. secs. 1983 - 1985, are civil rights acts originating out of and administered under authority of the Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, and Fifteenth Amendment, which require the party claiming such protection to allege that the party is a person of color. Again the claim can only be made by persons of color and not "Citizens" within the original meaning. It is true whites have filed civil rights actions. But do they win? No!

Third, The Civil War statutes and amendments cited as authority for "rights retained by the people" are the very statutes and amendments that are used as authority to impose martial law over "the people" and as authority for the existence of the Federal Reserve and paper money of any kind, (Federal Reserve Notes and United States Notes.).

Mr. Wangrud tried to inform Devvy Kidd of some of the above facts to no avail. She refused to accept historical truth and continues to create her own truth. In the fact of proof of their error, people like Devvy Kidd, spreading the old, erroneous, and off point rhetoric, claim "the information going out to the public is not false, it is accurate in its content."

Devvy Kidd claims that she is distributing three hundred of her pamphlets, Why a Bankrupt America, to the general public daily. This means that three-hundred people a day are being mislead or confused about the origin of the banking system currently called the Federal Reserve. This means that three-hundred people a day are being lead 60 years away from the real problem. This means that three-hundred people a day are be told to send a petition to Congress that at best will only give the members of Congress a good belly laugh.

While some people like Devvy Kidd may mean well in their misinformed efforts, this misinformation must be stopped. Until patriots face the fact that the origin of communism, and the destruction of American liberty was put in effect with martial law during the Civil War period nothing will change no matter how much noise patriots and so-called patriot leaders scream about injustice.

Considering the fact that Communism is expanding at a prolific rate in America undaunted and that the "New World Order" is at hand, "We the People", free white American Citizens absolutely cannot afford to make these kind of ridiculous mistakes any longer. All people like Devvy Kidd are managing to do is inform the enemy of their ignorance, and getting others to do the same. Nothing more, nothing less.

If you want to be informed and want to sound informed I can guarantee that you will find most of the answers in studying the original constitution in the period prior to the Civil War and by studying the destruction of the Constitution at its origin in the Civil War. If you study the problem in any other way, I can confidently guarantee that the action you take to protect your liberty will only help to destroy your liberty. Remember, only the truth will set you free! (end of article)