1. Westward Expansion
(A)
Rise
of the Farmers
*crop specialization
*modern machinery
*reliance on railroads and shipping
(B)
Agrarian
Frustration and the Move to Political
Action
*Villains
and Charges of Conspiracy
>>industrialists
>>railroads
>>government
*Legislative
Action
>>Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
>>Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)
(C)
Rise
of the Populist Party (1892)
*arose out of the Farmer’s Alliance Movement
*revolutionary political platform
*peaked in 1894 and dead by 1896
*influence remained
2.
The Rise of the Corporation—“Robber Barons” and
Trusts
(A)
Andrew
Carnegie—Steel
*vertical integration
(B)
J.P.
Morgan—Banking, Railroads
*most powerful man in America during the late 1800s
and early 1900s
(C)
John
D. Rockefeller—Petroleum
*horizontal integration
*primary target of the Sherman Antitrust Act
*creator of “holding companies”
3. Gospel of Wealth and Social Darwinism
(A)
Gospel of Wealth
Justification,
through the use of Christian theology, of the moral superiority of the wealthy
and the standing arrangements of social classes.
*Russell
Conwell—Acres of Diamonds
*Andrew
Carnegie—The Gospel of Wealth
(B)
Social Darwinism
Offshoot
of Charles Darwin’s work, including Origin of Species (1859). It was an attempt to interject scientific
rationality into what seemed to be a baffling economic order—“survival of the
fittest”
*Laissez-faire
Darwinism:
>>Herbert
Spencer
>>William
Graham Sumner
*Reform
Darwinism:
>>John
Dewey
>>William James
