Asia
(Chapter 32, Sections 1-5)
Fasten your seatbelt. This unit
is quite long.
- Important leaders: Mohondas Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru
- Gained independence in 1947.
- Hindu-Muslim violence.
- India partitioned, half of land becomes East
and West Pakistan.
- New constitution demands equality of sexes
and eliminates the caste system.
- Nehru institutes a policy of non-alignment.
- Mixed economy between socialism and
capitalism.
- Nehru dies, new prime minister is Indira
Gandhi.
1. Ethnic and religious conflict
2. Kashmir crisis: province disputed between India and Pakistan.
3. Suppresses the 1984 Sikh Rebellion.
4. Assassinated.
- Becomes an independent state in 1947 when
India is partitioned.
- Divided into East and West Pakistan.
- No leadership.
- General Zia al Haq takes power.
- Ruled by military dictatorships and
fundamental governments.
- Formerly East Pakistan, anger over political
and economic dominance by West Pakistan.
- Ruled by military dictatorships.
- Independence gained in 1948.
- Military rule.
- Democratic leader Daw Aung San Su Kyi freed
from house arrest in May of 2002.
- Independence gained in 1948.
- Original name is Ceylon.
- Ethnic conflict.
- 1921:
British are defeated in the third British-Afghan war.
- Becomes an independent monarchy.
- Pakistan is created from Indian and Afghan
territory.
- Soviet Union and Afghanistan become allies.
- The Republic of Afghanistan is created with
close ties to the U.S.S.R.
- Tensions with the U.S.S.R. grow.
- The Mujahadeen freedom group is created (Bin
Laden is key) to resist Soviet forces.
- The Taliban rises to power on promises of
peace.
- United States removes Taliban in 2001.
- Ruled by warlords at first with no central
government.
- Chaing Kai-Shek establishes a government in
Nanking.
- Beginning of a series of purges to rid China
of all communists.
1. Mao Zedong starts a communist army.
2. Civil war begins.
- Long March:
after Chaing Kai-Shek surrounds Mao, Mao escapes in one year on a
six-thousand mile march.
- Civil war is suspended in order to defend the
Japanese.
- Civil war will eventually end with a
communist victory.
- Chaing Kai-Shek retreats to Taiwan.
- October 1, 1949 – People’s Republic of China
is formed.
- 1953:
First Five-Year plan. Purpose if
to move towards socialism.
- 1958:
Second Five-Year plan. Called
“The Great Leap Forward.”
- Great Leap Forward is a failure.
- 1960’s – Cultural Revolution
1. Attempts to revolutionize culture.
2. Strict censorship.
3. Little Red Book – guide for how to behave as
a revolutionary.
- Occupation after WWII changes Japan.
- Supreme Command of the Allied Powers headed
by McArthur.
- Japan’s constitution adopted – establishes
citizens’ rights and takes away the emperor’s divine autority.
- Economy moved from Zaibatzu – great
industrial and banking organization – to smaller businesses.
- Stress on electronics and automobiles.
- Trade deficit with other countries after the
1990’s.
- Until the end of World War II, Korea is
occupied by Japan.
- Agreement to divide Korea into North
(controlled by Soviets) and South (controlled by Americans.)
- Russia will not cooperate with U.N.
sanctions. Korea is divided at the 38th
||.
- 1950:
North Korea invades South Korea.
U.N. counterattacks.
- China enters the war on the side of North
Korea.
- Stalemate and Armistice.
- Southeast Asia is ruled by the French as
French Indochina.
- During World War II, Japan occupies Southeast
Asia.
- Vietminh under the leadership of Mo Chi Minh
go to war with France.
- French defeated at the battle of Dien Bien
Phu.
- Agreement to divide Vietnam at the 17th
||.
- Civil war in South Vietnam between
pro-Communist Vietcong and anti-Communist president of Vietnam.
- United States gets involved after the 1968
Tet Offensive by the Vietcong.
- The last of U.S. combat troops are removed in
1973.
- The Vietcong defeat the South Vietnamese
army.
- Gains independence in 1953 from France.
- Follows a policy of non-alignment.
- United States bombs Vietcong camps in
Cambodia.
- Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot comes to power and
renames Cambodia. He is referred to as
the “Hitler of Cambodia.”
1. Renames the country.
2. Tries to purify the Khmer race.
3. Destroys cities.
4. Abolishes all finance, currency, and banking.
5. Abolishes religion.
6. Reorganizes society.
- Independence from France in 1954.
- Civil war between communists and U.S.-backed
government.
- Poorly run economy.
- Only nation in Southeast Asia not to be
colonized.
- AIDS problem.
- Constitutional monarchy.
- 1949:
Independence from Dutch.
- Anti-communist ruler General Suharto takes
power until 1998.
- Economic instability, debt, and corruption.
- Merger of several British colonies.
- Ethnic conflict.
- Prosperous until the 1990’s.
- Independence in 1965.
- Prosperous economy, no rights.
- Independence from the U.S. in 1946.
- Communism is controlled.
- Coranon Aquino becomes President.
Page written by Tom.