1. The ___________________ scale is used to indicate energy released by an earthquake.
2. Molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface is called ___________________.
3. A ____________________ is the hollowed out area at the top of a volcano.
4. The energy of an earthquake is carried by _______________ waves.
5. The ________________ is the area within the earth where an earthquake begins.
6. The rapid movement of rock and soil down a steep slope is called a ______________.
7. Most earthquakes occur near plate _____________________.
8. How much stronger is an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5 than an earthquake
with a magnitude of 2? ____________________
9. The difference between the arrival time of P waves and S waves at a seismograph
station is used to determine the distance from the __________________.
10. P waves travel ____________ than S waves. (faster / slower)
11. ___________________ waves cause most earthquake damage. (primary, secondary,
surface, or tidal waves)
12. A ____________________ is a long crack is soil or rocks.
13. The opening through volcanic materials reach the earth’s surface is called a _______.
14. Cinder cones are formed by _____________ ___________________.
15. The major zone of volcanic activity is found _____________________________.
16. A ___________________volcano has a flat top and gently sloping sides.
17. A _________ ______________ is a pocket of underground molten rock.
18. A volcano that has not erupted in the last century is said to be _________________.
19. A ____________________ volcano is created by lava flows and explosive eruptions.
20. A ____________________ is an ocean wave caused by an earthquake.
21. Readings from at least ____________ seismographs are needed to pinpoint the
epicenter of an earthquake.
22. The Hawaiian Islands are formed over a __________ __________.
23. A ______________ produced by movement of the earth is called a scarp.
24. The Mercalli scale is based on ___________________ intensity.
25. ___________________ waves move up and down and from side to side.
CHAPTER 7 STUDY GUIDE (ANSWERS)
1. The __Richter__________ scale is used to indicate energy released by an earthquake
2. Molten rock that reaches the earth’s surface is called ___lava____________.
3. A _____crater___ is the hollowed out area at the top of a volcano.
4. The energy of an earthquake is carried by ___seismic_____ waves.
5. The ____focus_______ is the area within the earth where an earthquake begins.
6. The rapid movement of rock and soil down a steep slope is called a ___slide______.
7. Most earthquakes occur near plate ___boundaries________.
8. How much stronger is an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5 than an earthquake
with a magnitude of 2? ____1000 times______
9. The difference between the arrival time of P waves and S waves at a seismograph
station is used to determine the distance from the __epicenter_______.
10. P waves travel _faster_____ than S waves. (faster / slower)
11. ___surface_________ waves cause most earthquake damage. (primary, secondary,
surface, or tidal waves)
12. A ____fissure_________ is a long crack is soil or rocks.
13. The opening through volcanic materials reach the earth’s surface is called a vent
14. Cinder cones are formed by _explosive eruptions_.
15. The major zone of volcanic activity is found __around the Pacific Ocean Basin.
16. A __shield___volcano has a flat top and gently sloping sides.
17. A _magma chamber is a pocket of underground molten rock.
18. A volcano that has not erupted in the last century is said to be _________________.
19. A _composite___ volcano is created by lava flows and explosive eruptions.
20. A _____tsunami________ is an ocean wave caused by an earthquake.
21. Readings from at least __three___ seismographs are needed to pinpoint the
epicenter of an earthquake.
22. The Hawaiian Islands are formed over a __hot___ ___spot___.
23. A __cliff____ produced by movement of the earth is called a scarp.
24. The Mercalli scale is based on ___eathquake____ intensity.
25. ___Surface________ waves move up and down and from side to side.
(Surface waves move both up and down and side to side. Transverse waves move
in one way.)
