Page 55
1. What three things would you discover about the chemical makeup, density,
    temperature, and pressure of the earth's interior as you go deeper towards the
    center?
    a. ______________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________
    b. ______________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________
    c._______________________________________________________
    ________________________________________________________

2. How many layers of the earth's interior have scientists classified
    according to location? _______________________________________

Page 56 - Chemical Makeup of Layers (What the layers are MADE of)
3. What are the three main layers of the earth? ______________________
    _____________________     ________________________

4. Which is the outermost layer of the earth? ________________________
5. Which is the middle layer of the earth? ___________________________
6. Which is the layer at the center of the earth? ______________________
7. What are the main substances in the crust and the mantle?
    _____________________________________________________________
8. What are silicates? _____________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________
9. Silicates of the crust are rich in ________________________,
    ________________________,  and _______________________________.
10. The silicates of the mantle contain mostly _________________________
        and _____________________________.
11. The core is made up two metals, ________________ and ____________.
 
Page 57 (Physical Properties of Layers (How the layers BEHAVE)
12.  If the temperatures are high enough inside the earth to melt the
       substances it is made of, why is most of earth's interior not liquid?
    _____________________________________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________
13.  Look at the diagram on page 57.  List the layers of the earth according
       to their physical properties from the outermost layer to the innermost
       layer.   1. ________________________
                   2. _________________________
                   3. _______________________
                   4. _________________________
                   5. _______________________
13.  Describe the lithosphere. ______________________________________
      ___________________________________________________________
14. Describe the asthenosphere. ___________________________________
        __________________________________________________________
15. What does the lithosphere include? _____________ and _____________
16. Where is the asthenosphere? ___________________________________

Page 58 - The Structure of the Lithosphere
17. The crust and the upper mantle (chemical layers) form the cool, rigid
      layer called the _______________________________.
18. The crust is made up of two parts called _________________ crust and
       ____________________ crust.
19. Continental crust lies under ________________________.
20. Oceanic crust lies under ___________________________.
21. Both kinds of crust are on the top of the __________________________.
22. Continental crust is ____________ dense than oceanic crust.
23.  Continental crust is made up of a higher percentage of ______________
       __________________ and ______________________.
24. Rocks of the continental crust are mainly __________________ and
      ______________________.
25. Rocks of the oceanic crust are the denser and darker _______________
      and ____________________.

Page 59 - Move in the Asthenosphere
26. Describe the process of CONVECTION in the asthenosphere.
    ______________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________________
27. Convection in the asthenosphere is  (SLOW / FAST )   _________________
28.  How long might a piece of rock take to rise through the asthenosphere?
    _____________________________________________________________
29. Look at the data table in Skillbuilder.
      How does the temperature of the earth change as you go deeper toward
      Its center? ___________________________________________________
      ____________________________________________________________

Page 60
30.  With what is most oceanic crust covered? __________________________
31.  There are some parts of the oceanic crust which are at the surface.
Name some regions of the earth's surface with oceanic crust:
    a. ___________________________________________________________
    b. ___________________________________________________________
    c. ___________________________________________________________
32. Soil formed from continental crust is different from that of oceanic crust.
    Soil formed from basalt (oceanic crust) has large amounts of
    ________________ and ________________.  It has small amounts of
    elements necessary to make plants grow, so it is not very fertile.  It is
    used to grow __________________________________________________
    and for grazing animals such as ___________________________________
    _____________________________________________________________.