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Flow Rate

Table of Contents

Introduction
Problems
Answers

      
Introduction

Hydrodynamics Fluids in motion
   
   
Streamline or
Laminar Flow
Smooth flow in which neighboring layers of the fluid slide by each other smoothly.

   
   

Turbulent Flow       Characterized by erratic, small, whirlpool-like circles called eddy currents or eddies. 

   

Flow Rate The mass /\m that passes a given point per unit time /\t.

/\m          /\V        A/\l
----  =  -------  =  -------  =  Av
/\t          /\t             /\t
   

Equation of Continuity       1A1v1  =  2A2v2       Valid for noncompressible liquids.

If the density is constant  ( Same Liquid )

A1v1  =  A2v2 

Table of Contents

     

Problems

1.     A 15 cm radius air duct is used to replenish the air of a room 10. m x 5.0 m x 4.5 m every 10. minutes.  How fast does the air flow in the duct?     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
   
2. A 1.00 cm inside diameter garden hose is used to fill a round swimming pool 7.20 m in diameter.  How long will it take to fill the pool to a depth of 1.25 m if water issues from the hose at a speed of 0.0333 m/s?     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
   
3. The radius of the aorta is 1.0 cm and the blood flowing through it has a speed of 30. cm/s.  Calculate the average speed of blood in the capillaries given that, although each capillary has a diameter of 8 x 10 -4 cm, the total cross section is about 2000 cm2.     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
  
4. How large must a heating duct be if air moving 3.0 m/s along it can replenish the air every 15 minutes in a room of 300 m3?  Assume the air density remains constant.     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances

Table of Contents

    

Answers

1.     A 15 cm radius air duct is used to replenish the air of a room 10. m x 5.0 m x 4.5 m every 10. minutes.  How fast does the air flow in the duct?     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
   
   
m  =  V  =  1.29 kg/m3  x  10.m x 5.0 m x 4.5 m  =  290 kg

   
/\m
-----  = 
Av                    Solve for v.
/\t
   

          /\m                            290 kg
v  =  --------  =  ----------------------------------------------------  =  21 m/s
       
A/\t          1.29 kg m -3 x ( 0.075 m ) 2 x 600 s
   

   

   

2. A 1.00 cm inside diameter garden hose is used to fill a round swimming pool 7.20 m in diameter.  How long will it take to fill the pool to a depth of 1.25 m if water issues from the hose at a speed of 0.333 m/s?     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
   
   
/\m  =  V  

   
/\m                      
V                               V
-----  = 
Av  =  ---------       =>  Av  =  -------           Solve for /\t.
/\t                         /\t                                /\t
   

           V         r2h          h              ( 3.60 m )2 x 1.25 m
/\t  =  ------ = ----------  =  ----  =  --------------------------------------------  =  1.9 x 10 6 s   or 22 days

           Av       r2v          v         ( 0.00500 m )2 x 0.333 m s -1  
    

   

   

3. The radius of the aorta is 1.0 cm and the blood flowing through it has a speed of 30. cm/s.  Calculate the average speed of blood in the capillaries given that, although each capillary has a diameter of 8 x 10 -4 cm, the total cross section is about 2000 cm2.     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
  
    
Aava  =  Acvc               Solve for vc.

      
         
Aava             ( 0.50 cm )2  x  30. cm/s
vc  =  ---------  =  ---------------------------------------  =  0.012 cm/s
             Ac                     2000 cm2   
   

   

   

4. How large must a heating duct be if air moving 3.0 m/s along it can replenish the air every 15 minutes in a room of 300 m3?  Assume the air density remains constant.     Physics Charts - Densities of Substances
    
   
m  =  V  =  1.29 kg/m3  x 300 m3  =  387 kg

   
/\m
-----  = 
Av                    Solve for A.
/\t
   

             /\m                   387 kg
A  =  ---------  =  ---------------------------------------------  =  0.111 m3  
         
v /\t         1.29 kg/m3  x 3.0 m s -1 x 900 s
   

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